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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 April 2009
We discuss some general properties and limitations of the concept of outer Fitting pairs introduced earlier by the author. We describe an outer Fitting pair as a co-cone in the category of what we call outer groups (roughly speaking the category of groups modulo inner automorphisms). It is shown that generally no universal outer Fitting pair exists, whence this category is not co-complete. Additionally it is shown that if the target group of an outer Fitting pair is finite, then the much more amenable concept of normal Fitting pairs (that is, co-cones in the category of groups) applies.