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ZFC PROVES THAT THE CLASS OF ORDINALS IS NOT WEAKLY COMPACT FOR DEFINABLE CLASSES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 May 2018
Abstract
In ZFC, the class Ord of ordinals is easily seen to satisfy the definable version of strong inaccessibility. Here we explore deeper ZFC-verifiable combinatorial properties of Ord, as indicated in Theorems A & B below. Note that Theorem A shows the unexpected result that Ord is never definably weakly compact in any model of ZFC.
Theorem A. Let ${\cal M}$ be any model of ZFC.
(1) The definable tree property fails in
${\cal M}$: There is an
${\cal M}$-definable Ord-tree with no
${\cal M}$-definable cofinal branch.
(2) The definable partition property fails in
${\cal M}$: There is an
${\cal M}$-definable 2-coloring
$f:{[X]^2} \to 2$ for some
${\cal M}$-definable proper class X such that no
${\cal M}$-definable proper classs is monochromatic for f.
(3) The definable compactness property for
${{\cal L}_{\infty ,\omega }}$ fails in
${\cal M}$: There is a definable theory
${\rm{\Gamma }}$ in the logic
${{\cal L}_{\infty ,\omega }}$ (in the sense of
${\cal M}$) of size Ord such that every set-sized subtheory of
${\rm{\Gamma }}$ is satisfiable in
${\cal M}$, but there is no
${\cal M}$-definable model of
${\rm{\Gamma }}$.
Theorem B. The definable ⋄Ord principle holds in a model ${\cal M}$ of ZFC iff
${\cal M}$ carries an
${\cal M}$-definable global well-ordering.
Theorems A and B above can be recast as theorem schemes in ZFC, or as asserting that a single statement in the language of class theory holds in all ‘spartan’ models of GB (Gödel-Bernays class theory); where a spartan model of GB is any structure of the form $\left( {{\cal M},{D_{\cal M}}} \right)$, where
${\cal M} \models {\rm{ZF}}$ and
${D_{\cal M}}$ is the family of
${\cal M}$-definable classes. Theorem C gauges the complexity of the collection GBspa of (Gödel-numbers of) sentences that hold in all spartan models of GB.
Theorem C. GBspa is ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-complete.
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- Copyright © The Association for Symbolic Logic 2018
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