¹ ———, Tarikh, Surat Khabar, Bukit Mertajam, Matba'ah al-Zainiah, 1940.

² ———, Singapore, 1961.

³ The Laws of the Federated Malay States 1877–1920, I, London 1921, p. 472.

Federated Malay States Enactments 1926, Kuala Lumpur, 1927, p. 476.Google Scholar

In his Origins of Malay Nationalism, Kuala Lumpur, 1967, pp. 80–81Google Scholar, Professor Roff stressed the role played by these enactments in stemming the flow of reformist literature from the Straits Settlements into the Peninsular Malay states. In this present work of his he has abandoned the political factor for economic and cultural ones.

⁴ For a discussion of the colonial “Ghetto Policy” see my article ‘Les Études Europennes sur l'émigration Ḥaḍramite. Essai de Bibliographie critique’, Archipel VII, Paris/Bandung, 1974.Google Scholar

⁵ Professor Roff made only passing reference to Saiyyid Muḥammad b. ‘Agil (Origins of Malay Nationalism, pp. 63–64). Probably unknown to Professor Roff, Saiyyid Muḥammad b. ‘Agil was a well-known figure, especially in the field of journalism, from Egypt to the Malay Archipelago. One finds that he was a contributor to the Egyptian newspaper al-Mu‘ayad and used the pen-name of ‘Seif al-din al-Yamani’. He related his experiences in India in Rashid Riḍā's paper al-Manār II, 425–428.

⁶ ‘Modern Muslim Thought in Egypt and its Impact on Islam in Malaya’, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of London, 1965, p. 368.Google Scholar

⁷ Muḥammad Rashid Ridā, Tārikh al-Ustaḍ al-Imām al-Shaikh Muḥammad ‘Abduh, Cairo, 1931, Tome I, p. 600. See also Zaki, p. 387.

⁸ Her name is Rogayah Hanem. She was married respectively to Ungku Majid (brother of Sultan Abu Bakr of Johore) Saiyyid ‘Abdullāh b. Moḥsin al-‘Aṯṯās and Dato Ja‘afar b. Moḥammed (Onn's father). Interview with Professor S. H. Al-‘Aṯṯas, May 1974.

⁹ Saiyyid ‘Aḥmad b. ḥassan b. Saḳḳaf ȧl-Hādi al-Bā-‘Alawi. ‘Alawi al-Hādi never lost the feeling of being an Arab. He even advised the Malays against questioning Arab dominance in Malay society, ef. al-Ikhwān 15 May 1930. [See Tan, S. H., ‘The Life and Times of al-Hādi’, unpublished B.A. Hons Thesis, University of Malaya in Singapore, 1961, p. 94].Google Scholar

¹⁰ , ———, Newspapers Published in the Malaysian Area with a Union List of Local Holdings, Occasional Paper, 2, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1970, no. 147, p. 174.Google Scholar

¹¹ cf. al-ḥisāb, 2, 24 April 1936, p. 4.

¹² This journalist was well-known to members of my family. He visited the family firm at 49, Armenian Street in 1928 looking for financial help for his journalistic ventures.