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France, the IUCN and wildlife conservation in Cambodia: From colonial to global conservationism
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 July 2022
Abstract
The history of wildlife conservation in Cambodia in the twentieth century reveals the tensions that existed between the Khmer kingdom and international nature conservation networks, colonial or global. Wildlife conservation in Cambodia was not a priority for the French colonial administration. It only regulated hunting. While the global conservation movement was expanding via international conferences, local French administrators managed to obstruct the implementation of a conservation policy. After the Second World War, Western scientists and activists sought to establish reserves, particularly to protect a new species of wild cattle, the kouprey. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), through the notable efforts of Harold Coolidge, succeeded in convincing Prince Sihanouk to adopt such a policy in the 1960s. However, although 12 per cent of the kingdom's land was protected, funding and means for conservation remained largely inadequate. The war put an end to all conservation programmes. The IUCN renewed its efforts in the 1980s successfully establishing a network of protected areas in Cambodia in 1993. The various twentieth-century Cambodian wildlife conservation policies, which all imposed external models, often without prior adequate field studies or involvement of local populations, have failed to prevent emblematic species from disappearing.
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- Research Article
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- Copyright © The National University of Singapore, 2022
Footnotes
The author would like to thank the IUCN Library in Gland, the IUCN office in Bangkok, the FFI office, the Ministry of Environment and the National Archives of Cambodia in Phnom Penh. Mok Mareth, Jeffrey McNeely, Khing Hoc Dy and David Ashwell provided valuable information. Gerard Sasges, Guillaume Blanc, Violette Pouillard and two anonymous reviewers from JSEAS offered generous insights to improve this article. Kasha Vande and Dayaneetha De Silva checked and edited the English language. This research was funded by ANR (CE 27) PANSER and the NUS-USPC Grant ‘Governing Southeast Asian nature’.
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