Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:16:37.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Social Policy Digest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2009

Extract

The class system in England is becoming more entrenched as society increasingly divides between rich and poor and north and south, according to a social atlas published by the School for Advanced Urban Studies (SAUS) at the University of Bristol. (94—24/2—1.1). Britain needs a far-reaching programme of economic and social reforms to avert the damaging consequences of a deepening divide between rich and poor, says the Joseph Rowntree Foundation into Income and Wealth, whose report was published in February. They found that income inequality has grown further and faster during recent years in Britain than in any comparable industrialised country. In July 1994 there were approximately 570,000 Family Credit (FC) recipients. A study from the Policy Studies Institute (PSI) showed that some families entitled to FC do not claim it for a variety of reasons. The number of lone parents receiving FC rose to almost 244,000 in July 1994, a rise of almost 13 per cent since July 1993.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

NOTES

1 Gordon, David and Forrest, Ray, People and Places 2: Social and Economic Distinctions in England, SAUS, University of Bristol.Google Scholar

2 Income and Wealth, Vols. 1 and 2Google Scholar. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 40 Water End, York YO3 6LP.

3 Family Credit Quarterly Statistical Tables July 1994, DSS.

4 McKay, Stephen and Marsh, Alan. Why Didn't They Claim?, PSI, 100 Park Village East, London NW1 3SR.Google Scholar

5 Utting, David. Family and Parenthood: Supporting Families, Preventing Breakdown, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar

6 Evaluation Report on the Benefits Agency, DSS.

7 Smeaton, Deborah and Hancock, Ruth, Pensioners' Expenditure: An Assessment of Changes in Living Standards 1979–1991. Age Concern Institute of Gerontology, King's College, London.Google Scholar

8 The Twilight Zone, TUC, Congress House, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS.

9 National Welfare Benefits Handbook and Rights Guide to Non-Means-Tested Benefits. CPAG, 1–5 Bath Street. London EC1V 9PY, April 1995.

10 Ogus, , Barendt, and Wikeley, . The Law of Social Security 4th edn, Butterworths.Google Scholar

11 Inequalities in Health. BMA Board of Science and Education, BMA, Tavistock Suare, London WC1H 9JP.

12 Chew, Robert, OHE Compendium of Health Statistics, OHE, 12 Whitehall, London SW1A 2DY.Google Scholar

13 Departmental Report DH and OPCS Cmd. 2812 HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

14 Waiting Times for first outpatient appointment in England: Quarter ended 31 December 1994, DH.

15 The Doctors' Tale, Audit Commission.

16 Priority Setting in the NHS: Purchasing, vol. 1, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

17 Dawson, Diane, Regulating Competition in the NHS. CHE, University of York, 1994.Google Scholar

18 Legal Status of In-patients formally detained in hospitals under the Mental Health Act 1983 and other legislation, DH, 1995.Google Scholar

19 Severe Mental Illness: Problems of Resources, MHF, 37 Mortimer Street, London WIN 7RJ.

20 Mental Health (Patients in the Community) Bill, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

21 King's Fund London Monitor – number two, King's Fund.

22 Grubb, A. and Mehlman, M. J.. Justice and Health Care: Comparative Perspectives, Wiley, 1995Google Scholar. Seedhouse, David (Editor) Reforming Health Care: The Philosophy and Practice of International Health Reform. Wiley.Google Scholar

23 Education Statistics for the UK: 1992–93, DFE.

24 Student Enrolments on Higher Education Courses in England: Academic Year 1993–94, DFE.

25 Enrolments on Further Education Courses at Colleges in the Further and Higher Education Sectors 1993–95, DFE.

26 Statistics of Schools in England, January 1994, DFE.

27 Pupils under 5 years of age in schools in England – January 1994, DFE.

28 Pupil-teacher ratios in maintained schools in England – January 1994, DFE.

29 Smith, Teresa and Noble, Michael, Education Divides: Poverty and Schooling in the 1990s, CPAG, 1995.Google Scholar

30 Projections of households in England to 2016, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

31 Street Homeless: A Way Out, LFHA, 175 Gray's Road, London WC1X 8UP.

32 Homelessness: What's The Problem and Speaking Out Against Homelessness, Shelter, 88 Old Street, London EC1V 9HU.

33 Meeting Challenges: The Housing Corporations' Priorities and Targets 1995–98, Housing Corporation, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0BN.

34 Housing Management, Community Care and CCT, Housing Research 135, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

35 My Home, My Life: Innovative Ideas In Housing and Support for People with Learning Difficulties, VIA, Oxford House, Derbyshire Street, London E2 6HG.

36 Housing Needs of People with Physical Disability, Housing Research 136, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

37 The Difficulties of Setting Up Home for Young Single Mothers, Social Policy Research 72, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

38 Crook, Tony and Kemp, Peter, The Supply of Privately Rented Homes: Today and Tomorrow, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar

39 Mortgage Payers at Risk, TUC.

40 Housing Association Involvement in Mortgage Rescue. An evaluation of initiatives, Housing Corporation.

41 Socio-Demographic Change and the Inner City, DoE, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

42 Fordham, Geoff. Made to Last: Creating Sustainable Neighbourhood and Estate Regeneration. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Google Scholar

43 Fordham, Geoff, Estate Pride, GFA Consulting, 10 Ducketts' Wharf, Bishop's Stortford CM23 3AR.Google Scholar

44 A Classification of Rural Housing Markets in England, DoE, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

45 Evaluating Rural Housing Enablers, Housing Research 41, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

46 Local Authority Performance Indicators, Audit Commission, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

47 Good Practice in commissioning Social Care, ACC, 66a, Eaton Square, London SW1W 9BH.

48 From Margin to Mainstream: Developing User- and Carer-Centred Community Care, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

49 Barker, Val, Promoting Partnerships through Consultation, Russell House, 38 Silver Street, Lyme Regis DT7 3HS.Google Scholar

50 Morris, Jenny, The Power to change: Commissioning Health and Social Services with Disabled People, Kings' Fund Centre, 126 Albert Street, London NW1 7NF.Google Scholar

51 Begam, Nasa and Fletcher, Sheila, Improving Disability Services: The Way Forward for Health and Social Services, Kings' Fund Centre.Google Scholar

52 Caring for People at Home, SSI, DH.

53 Kestenbaum, Ann, An Opportunity Lost? Social Services Use of the Independent Living Transfer, DIG, Unit 5, Archway Business Centre, 19–23 Wedmore Street, London N19 4RZ.Google Scholar

54 Children and Young People on Child Protection Registers, year ending 31 March 1994, DH.

55 Birchall, Elizabeth and Hallett, Christine, Working Together in Child Protection, HMSO, London 1995Google Scholar; Bell, Caroline, Conroy, Sue and Gibbons, Jane, Operating the Children Protection System, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

56 Bichal, Nina, Clayden, Jasmine, Stein, Mike and Wade, Jim, Moving On – Young People and Leaving Care Schemes, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

57 Care of Elderly People Market Survey, 8th edn, Laing and Buisson, Lyme House Studios, 38 Georgiana Street, London NW1 0EB.

58 Walker, Alan. Half a Century of Promises – the failure to realise community care for older people.Google Scholar Counsel and Care, Twyman House. 16 Bonny Street, London NW1 9PG.

59 Meredith, Barbara, The Community Care HandbookGoogle Scholar, Age Concern, 1268 London Road, London SW16 4ER, 1995.

60 Mandelstam, Michael and Schweh, Belinda,. Community Care Practice and the LawGoogle Scholar, Jessica Kingsley, 116 Pentonville Road, London N1 9JB, 1995.

61 The Home Office Annual Report 1995; The Governments' expenditure plans 1995–96 to 1997–98, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

62 1994 Recorded Crime Figures, Home Office.

63 The Law Commission 29th Annual Report 1994, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

64 Overcrowding, Prison, Penal Affairs ConsortiumGoogle Scholar, 169, Clapham road, London, SW9 0PU.

65 HM Prison Leeds. Report of the Chief Inspector of Prisons, Home Office.

66 Joint Manifesto for Penal Reform, Penal Affairs Consortium.

67 Strengthening Punishment in the Community, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

68 National Standards for the Supervision of Offenders in the Community, Home Office.

69 Community Sentences. Association of Chief Officers of Probation, 212 Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BJ.

70 Explaining Reconviction Rates; A Critical Analysis, Home Office.

71Boot Camps’ for Young Offenders, Penal Affairs Consortium.

72 Bottoms, Anthony, Intensive Community Supervision for Young OffendersGoogle Scholar, Institute of Criminology, 7 West Road, Cambridge CB3 9DT.

73 Horton, Christine, Policing Policy in France, PSI.Google Scholar

74 Looking to the Future: Mediation and the Grounds for Divorce, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

75 Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General HC100-VII, National Audit Office, Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9SP.

76 Employment Departments' Group Expenditure, Cm 2805, HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

77 Divided Britain: Insecurity at Work, TUC, Congress House, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS.

78 ‘Benefit Disqualifications Double in Twelve Months’, Working Brief, 04 1995.Google Scholar Unemployment Unit. 322 St. John Street, London EC1V 4NT.

79 ‘Jobseekers Allowance’, Research Results, PSI.

80 ‘Jobseekers Allowance’, Working Brief, 03 1995Google Scholar, Unemployment Unit.

81 Ellison, Robin, Butcher, Shaun and Melville, Duncan. ‘British Labour Force Projections: 1995–2006’, Employment Gazette, 04 1995.Google Scholar

82 Beatson, Mark, ‘Progress Towards a Flexible Labour Market Employment Gazette, 02 1995.Google Scholar

83 ’Take-home pay compared: Production workers in the UK and OECD, 1993, Employment Gazette, 02 1995.Google Scholar

84 The Pros and Cons of Part-time Working, TUC.

85 Convery, Paul, ‘Youth Unemployment Worsening’. Working Brief 63Google Scholar, Unemployment Unit.

86 Young People in the Labour Market in 1995, TUC.

87 Cox, Gabrielle, ‘School leavers' Pay and Prospects Worsen’, Working Brief 63, Unemployment Unit.Google Scholar

88 Hibbett, Angelika and Beatson, Mark, ‘Young People at Work’, Employment Gazette, 04 1995.Google Scholar

89 Leman, Steve and Williams, Tricia, ‘Apprentices and Other Long-term Trainees’, Employment Gazette, 02 1995.Google Scholar

90 Tillsley, Christine, ‘Older Workers: Findings from the 1994 LFS’, Employment Gazette, 04 1995.Google Scholar

91 Taylor, Philip and Walker, Alan, ‘Utilising Older Workers’, Employment Gazette, 04 1995.Google Scholar

92 Whitting, Gill, Moore, Joanne and Tilson, Barbara, ‘Employment Policies and Practices Towards Older Workers: An International Overview’, Employment Gazette, 04 1995.Google Scholar

93 World Employment 1995, ILO, Vincent House, Vincent Square, London SW1P 2NB.

94 World Labour Report 1995, vol. 8, ILO.Google Scholar

95 The Future of Multi-Ethnic Britain, Runnymede Trust, 11 Princelet Street. London E1 6QH.

96 Virdee, Satnam. Racial Violence and Harassment, PSI.Google Scholar

97 Tackling Racial Harassment, CRE, 10–12 Allington Street, London, SWE 5EH.

98 Age and Race: Life in Britain today for ethnic minority elders. Age Concern, 1268 London Road, London, SW16 6ES.

99 Young and Equal: A Standard for Racial Equality in services working with young people, CRE.

100 Immigration Complaints Procedure, Complaints Audit Committee, Home Office.

101 Immigration and Nationality Law Handbook, 5th edn. 115 Old Street, London EC1V 9JK, 1995.Google Scholar

102 Byron, Margaret, Post-War Caribbean Migration to Britain: The Unfinished CycleGoogle Scholar, Avebury: Joly, Daniele, Britannia's Crescent: Making a place for Muslims in British Society, Avebury.Google Scholar

103 Banböck, Rainer (ed.). From Aliens to Citizens: Redefining Ore Status of Immigrants in Europe, Avebury.Google Scholar

104 Care Management and Assessment from an Anti-Racist Perspective, Social Care Research 65Google Scholar, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

105 Raising Standards and Widening Opportunities for Ethnic Minority Children, CRE.

106 Dimensions of the Voluntary Sector, 1st edn. CAF, 48 Pembury Road, Tonbridge TN9 2JD.

107 Mixed Fortunes: the funding of the local voluntary sector, Social Policy Research 74Google Scholar, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

108 Managing the Voluntary Sector, Social Policy Research 76Google Scholar, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

109 Hyatt, Jenny and England, Jude, Investing in the Heart of Change.Google Scholar NCVO, 8 All Saints Street, London N1 9RI.

110 Osborne, Stephen P., The Once and Future PioneersGoogle Scholar, Aston Business School, Aston University.

111 Who Volunteers and Why? The Key Factors Which Determine Volunteering, The Volunteer Centre UK, 183 Eversholt Street, NW1 1BU.

112 Nolan, Catherine, For Love and For MoneyGoogle Scholar, CVO, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE.

113 Sargant, Naomi and Kirkland, Kate, Building on Trust, NCVO.Google Scholar

114 The Voluntary Agencies Directory 1995–96, NCVO: Horizon: A Good Practice Guide and Directory of Project, NCVO.

115 The Process of Local Government Reform, Local and Central Government Relations Research, 34 Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

116 Sanderson, Ian, Current Issues in Local Government Finance, Commission for Local Democracy, 200208Google Scholar, Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9LA.

117 Charging for Local Government Services, Local and Central Government Summary, 1, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

118 Secondments between Central and Local Government, Local and Central Government Relations Research 33. Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

119 Game, Chris and Leach, Steve, The Role of Political Parties in Local DemocracyGoogle Scholar, Commission for Local Democracy.

120 Consulting and Involving the Public, LGIU, 1–5 Bath Street, EC1Y 9QQ.

121 Stewart, John, Greer, Alan and Hoggett, Paul, The Quango State: An Alternative ApproachGoogle Scholar, Commission for Local Democracy.

122 Local Government: the lessons from other countries, Local and Central Government Relations Research Summary 2, Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

123 Coulson, Andrew (ed.). Local Government in Eastern Europe, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar

124 Corti, Louise and Dex, Shirley, ‘Highly Qualified Women’, Employment Gazette, 03 1995.Google Scholar

125 National Management Salary Survey, IM, 2 Savoy Court, Strand, London WC2R 0EZ.

126 Agenda for Gender: Women and Higher Education, University of Kent.

127 Creative Career Paths in the NHS 3: Managers in 15 NHS organisations, NHS Women's Unit, DH.

128 Governing for Equality, Labour Party.

129 Pnizacklea, Annie and Wolkowitz, Carol, Homeworking WomenGoogle Scholar, Sage.

130 ‘Helping Lone Parents back into work’, Employment Gazette, 03 1995.Google Scholar

131 Jenkins, Stephen P. and Symons, Elizabeth J., Child Care Costs and Lone Mothers' Employment Rates: UK EvidenceGoogle Scholar, Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, Paper No 95–2, University of Essex.

132 Babb, Penny, ‘A Review of 1993’, Population Trends 7.Google Scholar

133 National Population Projections 1992-based, Series PP2 No. 19, HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

134 1993-based Population Projections for Local Authority Areas in England, OPCS Monitor PP3 95/1.

135 Babb, Penny, ‘Birth Statistics 1993’, Population Trends 79.Google Scholar

136 Family Policy Bulletin, 04 1995Google Scholar, FPSC, 251, Baker Street, London NW1 6XE.

137 Babb, Penny, ‘Fertility of the over forties’, Population Trends 79.Google Scholar

138 Mortality Statistics: Perinatal and Infant 1992 (Series DH3 No 26), HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar

139 Report of the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy for 1993, DH, 1995.Google Scholar

140 Abortion Statistics 1992 (Series AB No. 19). HMSO, London, 1995.Google Scholar

141 General Household Survey 1993, GHS No. 24. HMSO, London 1995.Google Scholar