Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T04:11:32.212Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Time-course and Severity of Acute Effects of Tobacco Abstinence in Smokers with Subclinical Depressive Symptoms or Alcohol Consumption

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2013

Erica N. Peters ,
Judith L. Cooney ,
Thomas Liss ,
Amanda Liss ,
Rachel Torello ,
Christine Franco ,
Dana A. Cavallo ,
Stephanie S. O'Malley  and
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
Erica N. Peters*
Affiliation:
Friends Research Institute, USA Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Judith L. Cooney
Affiliation:
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, USA
Thomas Liss
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Amanda Liss
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Rachel Torello
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Christine Franco
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Dana A. Cavallo
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Stephanie S. O'Malley
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin
Affiliation:
Yale University School of Medicine, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: Erica N. Peters, Ph.D. Friends Research Institute 1040 Park Ave. Suite 103 Baltimore, MD 21201USA P: (410) 837-3977 x272 F: (410) 752-4218 E: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction: Smokers with depressive and alcohol use disorders report more severe tobacco abstinence effects (e.g., tobacco withdrawal and craving, mood and sleep disturbance), but less is known about abstinence effects among smokers with subclinical features of these disorders.

Aims: The time-course and severity of acute abstinence effects were evaluated in smokers with and without subclinical depressive symptoms (DEP) and with and without subclinical alcohol consumption (ALC). Methods: Participants (N = 106) received smoking cessation counselling and were contingently compensated for biochemically-verified smoking abstinence. Abstinence effects were assessed pre-quit and daily for eight days post-quit.

Results/Findings: Seventy-four participants (70%) achieved eight-day continuous smoking abstinence. Generalised estimating equations revealed that time and DEP group significantly interacted to predict change in Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) Anxiety (Wald = 21.18, p < .01) and Questionnaire of Smoking Urges Relief from Negative Affect (Wald = 20.12, p < .01) subscale scores. Time and ALC group significantly interacted to predict change in Profile of Mood States (POMS) Fatigue subscale score (Wald = 19.78, p < .01). Compared to non-DEP smokers, DEP smokers reported higher mean post-quit scores on several measures of abstinence effects, including WSWS Sadness and POMS Total; however, pre-quit differences between DEP groups may have confounded post-quit differences.

Conclusions: Smokers with subclinical depressive symptoms endorsed high levels of abstinence effects, but it was unclear if these were related to the absence of tobacco. Smokers with subclinical alcohol consumption did not endorse high levels of abstinence effects but abstinence-related fatigue took longer to improve.

Keywords

tobaccosmoking abstinencenicotine withdrawaldepressionalcohol use disorders
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , June 2014 , pp. 6 - 16
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australian Academic Press Pty Ltd 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Bailey, S. L., Martin, C. S., Lynch, K. G., & Pollock, N. K. (2000). Reliability and concurrent validity of DSM-IV subclinical symptom ratings for alcohol use disorders among adolescents. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, 1795–1802. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb01983.xGoogle Scholar
Baker, T. B., Piper, M. E., McCarthy, D. E., Majeskie, M. R., & Fiore, M. C. (2004). Addiction motivation reformulated: An affective processing model of negative reinforcement. Psychological Review, 111, 33–51. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.33CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlin, I., Chen, H., & Covey, L. S. (2010). Depressive mood, suicide ideation and anxiety in smokers who do and smokers who do not manage to stop smoking after a target quit day. Addiction, 105, 2209–2216. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03109.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breslau, N., Kilbey, M., & Andreski, P. (1992). Nicotine withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric disorders: Findings from an epidemiologic study of young adults. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 464–469.Google Scholar
Broadhead, W. E., Blazer, D. G., George, L. K., & Tse, C. K. (1990). Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiological survey. JAMA, 264, 2524–2528. doi:10.1001/jama.264.19.2524Google Scholar
Brown, R., Burgess, S., Sales, S., Whiteley, J., Evans, D., & Miller, I. (1998). Reliability and validity of a smoking Timeline Followback interview. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 12, 101–112.Google Scholar
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193–213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cinciripini, P. M., Robinson, J. D., Karam-Hage, M., Minnix, J. A., Lam, C., Versace, F., Brown, V. L., . . . Wetter, D. W. (2013). Effects of varenicline and bupropion sustained-release use plus intensive smoking cessation counseling on prolonged abstinence from smoking and on depression, negative affect, and other symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. JAMA Psychiatry. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.678.Google Scholar
Cooney, J. L. (2000). Frequent brief behavioral intervention for adult smokers. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Covey, L. S., Glassman, A. H., & Stetner, F. (1990). Depression and depressive symptoms in smoking cessation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31, 35–354. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(90)90042-QGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, S. G., Shiffman, S., & Gwaltney, C. J. (2006). Does reducing withdrawal severity mediate nicotine patch efficacy? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 1153–1161. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1153Google Scholar
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. & Williams, J. B. W. (1995). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders – Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0. New York: Biometrics Research Department.Google Scholar
Freiberg, M. S., Cabral, H. J., Heeren, T. C., Vasan, R. S., & Ellison, R. C. (2004). Alcohol consumption and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the U.S.: A cross- sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care, 27, 2954–2959.Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., & Harford, T. C. (1995). Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression: Results of a national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 39, 197–206. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01160-4Google Scholar
Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Chou, S. P., Stinson, F. S., & Dawson, D. A. (2004). Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 1107–1115.Google Scholar
Hall, S. M., Muñoz, R. F., Reus, V. I., & Sees, K. L. (1993). Nicotine, negative affect, and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 761–767. doi:10.1037//0022-006X.61.5.761CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerström, K-O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119–1127. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.xGoogle Scholar
Heffner, J. L., Mingione, C., Blom, T. J., & Anthenelli, R. M. (2011). Smoking history, nicotine dependence, and changes in craving and mood during short-term smoking abstinence in alcohol dependent vs. control smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 36, 244–247. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.10.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendricks, P. S., Ditre, J. W., Drobes, D. J., & Brandon, T. H. (2006). The early time course of smoking withdrawal effects. Psychopharmacology, 187, 385–396. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0429-9Google Scholar
Hitsman, B., Borrelli, B., McChargue, D. E., Spring, B., & Niaura, R. (2003). History of depression and smoking cessation outcome: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 657–663. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.657Google Scholar
Horwath, E., Johnson, J., Klerman, G. L., & Weissman, M. M. (1994). What are the public health implications of subclinical depressive symptoms? Psychiatric Quarterly, 65, 323–337. doi: 10.1007/BF02354307CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, J. R. (1999). Comorbidity and smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 1, S149–S152. doi:10.1080/14622299050011981Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R. (2007a). Effects of abstinence from tobacco: Valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, 315–327. doi:10.1080/14622200701188919Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R. (2007b). Effects of abstinence from tobacco: Etiology, animal models, epidemiology, and significance: A subjective review. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, 329–339. doi:10.1080/14622200701188927Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R. & Callas, P. W. (2010). Data to assess the generalizability of samples from studies of adult smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12, 73–76. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntp168Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R. & Hatsukami, D. K. (1986). Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 289–294. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030107013Google Scholar
Hughes, J. R. & Kalman, D. (2006). Do smokers with alcohol problems have more difficulty quitting? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82, 91–102. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.018Google Scholar
Japuntich, S. J., Smith, S. S., Jorenby, D. E., Piper, M. E., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2007). Depression predicts smoking early but not late in a quit attempt. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9, 677–686. doi:10.1080/14622200701365301Google Scholar
Johnson, J., Weissman, M. M., & Klerman, G. L. (1992). Service utilization and social morbidity associated with depressive symptoms in the community. JAMA, 267, 1478–1483. doi:10.1001/jama.267.11.1478Google Scholar
Katz, D. A., Muehlenbruch, D. R., Brown, R. L., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2004). Effectiveness of implementing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 96, 594–603. doi:10.1093/jnci/djh103Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Zhao, S., Blazer, D. G., & Swartz, M. (1997). Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 45, 19–30. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00056-6Google Scholar
Lasser, K., Boyd, J. W., Woolhandler, S., Himmelstein, D. U., McCormick, D., & Bor, D. H. (2000). Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study. JAMA, 284, 2606–2610. doi:10.1001/jama.284.20.2606Google Scholar
Ledgerwood, D. M. (2008). Contingency management for smoking cessation: Where do we go from here? Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 1, 340–349. doi:10.2174/1874473710801030340Google Scholar
Leventhal, A. M., Waters, A. J., Boyd, S., Moolchan, E. T., Lerman, C., & Pickworth, W. B. (2007). Gender differences in acute tobacco withdrawal: Effects on subjective, cognitive, and physiological measures. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 21–36. doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.21Google Scholar
Leventhal, A. M., Waters, A. J., Moolchan, E. T., Heishman, S. J., & Pickworth, W. B. (2010). A quantitative analysis of subjective, cognitive, and physiological manifestations of the acute tobacco abstinence syndrome. Addictive Behaviors, 35, 1120–1130. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.08.007Google Scholar
Madden, P. A. F., Bucholz, K. K., Dinwiddie, S. H., Slutske, W. S., Bierut, L. J., Statham, D. J., et al. (1997). Nicotine withdrawal in women. Addiction, 92, 889–902. doi:10.1111/j.1360–0443.1997.tb02957.xGoogle Scholar
Marks, J. L., Hill, E. M., Pomerleau, C. S., Mudd, S. A., & Blow, F. C. (1997). Nicotine dependence and withdrawal in alcoholic and nonalcoholic ever-smokers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 14, 521–527. doi:10.1016/S0740-5472(97)00049-4Google Scholar
McKee, S. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., Shi, J., Mase, T., & O'Malley, S. S. (2006). Modeling the effect of alcohol on smoking lapse behavior. Psychopharmacology, 189, 201–210. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0551-8Google Scholar
McNair, D. M., Lorr, J. & Droppleman, L. F. (2003). POMS Brief Form. Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems Inc.Google Scholar
Miller, G. A. & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 40–48. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.110.1.40Google Scholar
National Health and Medical Research Council (2009). Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol. Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2010). Rethinking drinking: Alcohol and your health. NIH Publication No. 10-3770. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.Google Scholar
Piper, M. E., Federman, E. B., McCarthy, D. E., Bolt, D. M., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C.et al. (2008). Using mediational models to explore the nature of tobacco motivation and tobacco treatment effects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 94–105. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.117.1.94Google Scholar
Pomerleau, C. S., Marks, J. L., & Pomerleau, O. F. (2000). Who gets what symptom? Effects of psychiatric cofactors and nicotine dependence on patterns of smoking withdrawal symptomatology. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, 275–280.Google ScholarPubMed
Pomerleau, C. S., Mehringer, A. M., Marks, J. L., Downey, K. K., & Pomerleau, O. F. (2000). Effects of menstrual phase and smoking abstinence in smokers with and without a history of major depressive disorder. Addictive Behaviors, 25, 483–497. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(99)00075-1Google Scholar
Prochaska, J. J., Delucchi, K., & Hall, S. M. (2004). A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 1144–1156. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.6.1144Google Scholar
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306Google Scholar
Roll, J. M., Higgins, S. T., & Badger, G. J. (1996). An experimental comparison of three different schedule of reinforcement of drug abstinence using cigarette smoking as an exemplar. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 495–505. doi:10.1901/jaba.1996.29-495Google Scholar
Sanchez-Craig, M., Wilkenson, D. A., & Davila, R. (1995). Empirically based guidelines for moderate drinking: One year results from three studies with problem drinkers. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 823–828.Google Scholar
Shiffman, S., Engberg, J. B., Paty, J. A., Perz, W. G., Gnys, M., Kassel, J. D.et al. (1997). A day at a time: Predicting smoking lapse from daily urge. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 104–116. doi:10.1037//0021-843X.106.1.104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiffman, S., & Waters, A. J. (2004). Negative affect and smoking lapses: A prospective analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 192–201. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.72.2.192Google Scholar
Shiffman, S., West, R. J., Gilbert, D. G., SRNT Work Group of the Assessment of Craving and Withdrawal in Clinical Trials. (2004). Recommendation for the assessment of tobacco craving and withdrawal in smoking cessation trials. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, 599–614. doi:10.1080/14622200410001734067Google Scholar
Sobell, L. & Sobell, M. (2003). Alcohol consumption measures. In: Allen, J., Wilson, V. (Eds.), Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers, Second Edition. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD. pp. 75–99.Google Scholar
SRNT Subcommittee on Biochemical Verification (2002). Biochemical verification of tobacco use and cessation. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 4, 129–159.Google Scholar
Thorndike, A. N., Regan, S., McKool, K., Pasternak, R. C., Swartz, S., Torres-Finnerty, N., et al. (2008). Depressive symptoms and smoking cessation after hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168, 186–191. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2007.60Google Scholar
Tiffany, S. T. & Drobes, D. J. (1991). The development and initial validation of a questionnaire of smoking urges. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1467–1476. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01732.xGoogle Scholar
Toll, B. A., O'Malley, S. S., McKee, S. A., Salovey, P., & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2007). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 216–225. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.21.2.216Google Scholar
Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G. W., Davenport, A., & Rimm, E. B. (1995). A gender-specific measure of binge drinking among college students. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 982–985. doi:10.2105/AJPH.85.7.982Google Scholar
Weinberger, A. H., Desai, R. A., & McKee, S. A. (2010). Nicotine withdrawal in U.S. smokers with current mood, anxiety, alcohol use, and substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108, 7–12. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.004Google Scholar
Weissman, M. M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, B. A., & Locke, B. Z. (1977). Assessing depressive symptoms in five psychiatric populations: A validation study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 106, 203–214.Google Scholar
Welsch, S. K., Smith, S. S., Wetter, D. W., Jorenby, D. E., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (1999). Development and validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 7, 354–361. doi:10.1037//1064-1297.7.4.354CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ziedonis, D., Hitsman, B., Beckham, J. C., Zvolensky, M., Adler, L. E., Audrain-McGovern, J., et al. (2008). Tobacco use and cessation in psychiatric disorders: National Institute of Mental Health report. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 10, 1691–1715. doi:10.1080/14622200802443569Google Scholar