^{page 265 note 1} Above, pp. 78–85. The following abbreviations are used in this article:

IGRR = Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes.

CIL = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.

Wadd. = Waddington, Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie.

PEF = Palestine Exploration Fund, Quar.erly Statement.

Dussaud, Voyage = Dussaud et Macler, Voyage archéologique au Safâ et dans le Djebel Druz.

Dussaud, Mission = Dussaud, et Macler, , Mission scient, dans les Régions désertiques de la Syrie moyenne (Nouv. Arch. des missions scient. x, 1903).Google Scholar

^{page 265 note 2} Head, Hist. Num. ², pp. 783, 784.

^{page 265 note 3} Josephus, Ant., xiii, xv, 2; xvi, 3; Bell., i, iv, 8; v, 3; Strabo, xvi, ii, 10, p. 753.

^{page 265 note 4} Jos., Ant., xiv, iii, 2.

^{page 265 note 5} Jos., Ant., xiv, xiii, 3; Bell., i, xiii, i.

^{page 265 note 6} Jos., Ant., xv, iv, 1; Bell., i, xxii, 3, Dio Cass., xlix, 32.

^{page 265 note 7} The phrases employed by Josephus (Ζηνόδωρός τις ἐμεμίσθωτο τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Λυσανίου and Ζηνόδωρος ὁ τὸν Λυσανίου μεμισθωμένος οἶκον) imply that he took over the whole domain. Zenodorus also bears the same titles as his predecessors on his coins; the title of ἀρχιερεύς, it should be noted, implies that he ruled Heliopolis.

^{page 265 note 8} Jos., Ant., xv, x, 1; Bell., i, xx, 4.

^{page 265 note 9} IGRR, iii, 1085.

^{page 265 note 10} Jos., Ant., XV, x, 3.

^{page 266 note 1} The conquest followed on the capture of Samaria and Scythopolis; thus the conquered territory lay north of them.

^{page 266 note 2} Strabo, xvi, ii, 18; for Arca, see below, p. 267.

^{page 266 note 3} Jos., Ant., xiii, xv, 2; Bell., i, iv, 8.

^{page 266 note 4} For Abila, see below, p. 267; for Chalybon, IGRR, iii, 1089, 1090; for Iabruda, Clermont-Ganneau, , Rec. d'arch. orientale, vii, 54–76.Google Scholar

^{page 266 note 5} Jos., Ant., xv, x, i; Bell., i, xx, 4.

^{page 266 note 6} Strabo, xvi, ii, 18, p. 755.

^{page 266 note 7} Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 791.

^{page 266 note 8} Jos., Ant., xv, x, 1; Bell., i, xx, 4.

^{page 266 note 9} Jos., Ant., xv, x, 3; Bell., i, xx, 4.

^{page 266 note 10} Jos., Ant., xviii, vi, 3, towards the end of the reign of Tiberius.

^{page 266 note 11} Jos., Bell., iii, iii, 1; ii, xviii, 1.

^{page 266 note 12} Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 785.

^{page 267 note 1} Pliny, NH, v, 16; Jos., Bell. vii, v, 1.

^{page 267 note 2} This Noarus (or Varus) is certainly not, as is often assumed, identical with Agrippa II's minister of the same name, though he may have been his grandfather. Agrippa's minister was only of royal blood, and had not been a tetrarch himself.

^{page 267 note 3} Jos., Bell., ii, xii, 8.

^{page 267 note 4} Dio Cass., lix, 12; Tac., Ann., xii, 23; Jos., Vita, 11.

^{page 267 note 5} Jos., Ant., xix, v, 1; Bell., ii, xi, 5.

^{page 267 note 6} Jos., Ant., xix, v, 1; xx, vii, 1; Bell., ii, xi, 5; xii. 8.

^{page 267 note 7} Head, Hist. Num. ², pp. 791, 792.

^{page 267 note 8} CIL, iii, 183.

^{page 267 note 9} Unless Aristobulus, king of Chalcidene (Jos., Bell, vii, vii, 1) was king of the southern and not, as seems more probable, of the northern Chalcis in A.D. 72.

^{page 267 note 10} “The coins inscribed ΦΛ ΧΑΛΚΙΔΕѠΝ and dated by an era commencing in A.D. 92 are attributed on technical grounds to Chalcis ad Belum (Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 778).

^{page 267 note 11} I cannot accept the identification of Abila with the Leucas on the Chrysoroas of the coins (Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 785). The rival identification with Balaneac seems to me almost certain (cf. Clermont-Ganneau, , Rec. d'arch. orientale, vi, 310–14Google Scholar, and add to the evidence there collected the fact that one of the eras of Leucas (38 B.C.) is paralleled at Rhosus near Balaneae (Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 782).

^{page 267 note 12} Jos., Ant., xviii, ii, 1, Bell., ii, ix, 1; for coins, Head, Hist. Num. ², pp. 785–786.

^{page 268 note 1} The evidence for the provincial boundaries is collected by Brünnow (Prov. Arabia, iii, pp. 266–70) who, however, failed to note the significance of an inscription at Sijn in the NE. Nukra (Rev. bibl. 1905, p. 95, no. 10), dated by the Arabian era in A.D. 179, which proves that eastern Batanaea was from the first attached to Arabia.

^{page 268 note 2} Wadd., 2112, 2135.

^{page 268 note 3} Wadd., 2071, 2212 (in this case the name of the centurion is simply coupled with that of the governor), 2213, 2438, 2525, 2528; Ewing, PEF, 1895, p. 275, no. 149(=IGRR, iii, 1290).

^{page 268 note 4} He is also honoured at Phaena (Mismiya), cf. Wadd., 2531, 2532.

^{page 268 note 5} Wadd., 2524.

^{page 268 note 6} Wadd., 2480.

^{page 268 note 7} Wadd., 2396.

^{page 268 note 8} Princeton Exp. Syr., iii, A, 799².

^{page 269 note 1} Jos., Ant., xv, x, 1; xvi, ix, 1; Strabo, xvi, ii, 20, p, 756.

^{page 269 note 2} Jos., Ant., xvi, ix, 1.

^{page 269 note 3} Jos., Ant., xvi, ix, 2.

^{page 269 note 4} Jos., Ant., xvii, ii, 1–3.

^{page 269 note 5} Schumacher, East of Jordan, pp. 172–174.

^{page 269 note 6} Wadd., 2329.

^{page 269 note 7} e.g. Wadd., 2265, 2393, 2396, 2431.

^{page 269 note 8} e.g. Wadd., 2210, 2439, 2483; Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 694, 760.

^{page 269 note 9} Wadd., 2287.

^{page 269 note 10} Wadd., 2220.

^{page 269 note 11} Wadd., 2427, 2537d; Dussaud, Mission, p. 645, no. 11 (=IGRR, iii, 1171); Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 786³.

^{page 269 note 12} Wadd., 2308, 2309, 2310.

^{page 269 note 13} e.g. Wadd., 2393 and 2396.

^{page 269 note 14} Both were young men (32 and 27) when they died, whence we may infer that, as we should expect, the office was hereditary and life-long (Wadd., 2196, ἐθνάρχης στρατηγὸς νομάδων; Dussaud, Voyage, p. 147, no. 7, στρατηγὸς παρεμβολῶν νομάδων).

^{page 269 note 15} Wadd., 2203.

^{page 270 note 1} e.g. Wadd., 2412 l, ἐξ ἰδίων τόπων γεωργικῶν. Dussaud, Voyage, p. 203, no. 88, ἐσθλῆς ὲκ γεωργίας.

^{page 270 note 2} Wadd., 2399.

^{page 270 note 3} Wadd., 1969, 1984 b, 1989, 2041, 2546; Dussaud, Mission, p. 663, no. 64.

^{page 270 note 4} Wadd., 2413 f.

^{page 270 note 5} Wadd., 2287.

^{page 270 note 6} Wadd., 2438; IGRR iii, 1282, etc.

^{page 270 note 7} Wadd., 2237, etc.

^{page 270 note 8} Wadd., 2213, etc.

^{page 270 note 9} Wadd., 2546, etc.

^{page 270 note 10} Wadd., 2113, 2188, 2366.

^{page 270 note 11} e.g. Φαινήσιοι, Wadd., 2525, etc.; Αἱρήσιοι, Wadd., 2413 f.

^{page 270 note 12} IGRR, iii, 1192, ὄχλου γενομένου κώμης ἐν τῷ θεάτρῳ.

^{page 270 note 13} Wadd., 2505, ἔδοξε τοῖς ἀπὸ…κώμης ὲκ κοινῆς αὐτῶν εὐδοκήσεως.

^{page 270 note 14} Wadd., 2127, etc., Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 787⁷, etc.

^{page 270 note 15} Wadd., 2505, επὶ κοινοῦ τόπου.

^{page 270 note 16} Wadd., 2173; Dussaud, Voyage, p. 148, no. 12.

^{page 270 note 17} Wadd., 2129.

^{page 270 note 18} IGRR, iii, 1192, Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 180.

^{page 270 note 19} Wadd., 2044.

^{page 270 note 20} Wadd., 2480.

^{page 270 note 21} Wadd., 1963.

^{page 270 note 22} Wadd., 2239.

^{page 270 note 23} Wadd., 2462, τὸ κοινὸν πανδοχεῖονι; 2524, ξενών, etc.

^{page 270 note 24} e.g. ὁ κοινὸς οἶκος, Wadd., 2070 a; ὁ δημόσιος οἶκος, Wadd., 2029.

^{page 271 note 1} Wadd., 2071 in A.D. 177, 2114 in A.D. 232, both ἐπὶ…στρατηγοῦ, 2399, in A.D. 236, στρατηγείας…

^{page 271 note 2} Wadd., 2520, between A.D. 161 and 169.

^{page 271 note 3} Ewing, , PEF, 1895, p. 348Google Scholar, no. 169.

^{page 271 note 4} Wadd., 2188, τούτους κώμης ἐπελέξατο δῆμος; Wadd., 2462, 2463, lists of the magistrates of a village in two successive years, containing no common name.

^{page 271 note 5} Wadd., 2545, 2546.

^{page 271 note 6} Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 788.

^{page 271 note 7} Ewing, PEF. 1895, P. 135, no. 60.

^{page 271 note 8} Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 696.

^{page 271 note 9} Wadd., 2462, 2463.

^{page 271 note 10} Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 174.

^{page 271 note 11} Wadd., 2042, 2043, 2044; Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 696.

^{page 271 note 12} Wadd., 2045, 2046.

^{page 271 note 13} Wadd., 2070 a.

^{page 271 note 14} The title does occur in A.D. 155 (Wadd., 2286, ὁ ναὸς ἐκ τῶν ἱερατικῶν…προνοησαμένων (three) ἐκδίκων (three) ἱεροταμιῶν) but, owing to the difference in function and number, as well as the wide divergence in date, I am inclined to think that these ἔκδικοι have only their name in common with the single ἐκδικος of the fourth century.

^{page 272 note 1} Wadd., 2238.

^{page 272 note 2} Wadd., 2239 (Παυλείνου συνδίκου καὶ [Λ]ουκ[ιλιαν]οῦ πιστῶν) would be a test case in favour of the former view if certain. Should one not restore, however καὶ..ου κ[αι…]ου πιστῶν in view of Wadd., 2238, 2240, Dussaud, Voyage, p. 154, no. 19 (all from the same village) which all give one σύνδικος and two πιστοί?

^{page 272 note 3} τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ, Wadd., 2544) etc.; τὰ ἱερατικά, Wadd., 2286, etc.

^{page 272 note 4} ἰεροταμίαι, Wadd., 2455, etc.; ἐπίσκοποι, Wadd., 1990; οἰκονόμοι, Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 803¹, 803², 803⁴.

^{page 272 note 5} Wadd, 2114.

^{page 272 note 6} Wadd., 2455.

^{page 272 note 7} Wadd., 2034. 2046, etc.

^{page 272 note 8} Wadd., 2127.

^{page 272 note 9} Ewing, PEF, 1895, p. 136, no. 61 (=IGRR, iii, 1143), Σαύρων τὸ κοινὸν…μετὰ τῶν θρησκευόντων.

^{page 272 note 10} Wadd., 2546, τὸ κοινὸν τῆς κώμης καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ.

^{page 272 note 11} Wadd., 2545.

^{page 272 note 12} ἰεροταμίαι, Wadd., 2544.

^{page 272 note 13} Wadd., 2396 and 2397 misspelt ἱεοοτομεύς and ὡροτόμης.

^{page 272 note 14} Wadd., 2394, 2395, of the temple or of their own villages?

^{page 272 note 15} Wadd., 2393.

^{page 272 note 16} e.g. by Rostovtzcff, , Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, p. 570Google Scholar.

^{page 273 note 1} I have collected the following instances of βουλειταί or βουλευτικοί in villages, viz., Wadd., 1089, 2034, 2053 c, 2204, 2412 e, 2514, 2537 e. 2546. Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 624, 787; Dussaud, Mission, p. 663, no. 63. 1GRR, iii, 1167. Also of Bostra, Wadd., 1984 a, 2302, of Philippopolis, Wadd., 2019, 2506, of Adraa, Brünnow, , Prov. Arabia, iii, p. 202Google Scholar, 9 and 10, of Canatha, Wadd., 2216 and IGRR, i, 25.

^{page 273 note 2} Pliny, NH, v, 16; Pompeian era on coins, cf. Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 786.

^{page 273 note 3} Dussaud, Mission, p. 649, no. 23. (= IGRR,iii, 1278 ).

^{page 273 note 4} Aur. Victor, 28; Wadd., 2072.

^{page 273 note 5} Wadd., 2145, 2158, 2159, 2161; Dussaud, Voyage, p. 145, no. 4.

^{page 273 note 6} Wadd., 2537 a and b.

^{page 273 note 7} Wadd., 2413.

^{page 273 note 8} Council of Chalcedon, Mansi, , Concilia, vii, 168.Google Scholar One of its bishops is buried at Canatha (Wadd., 2361).

^{page 273 note 9} Councils of Constantinople and Chalcedon, Mansi, , Consilia, iii, 369Google Scholar and vii, 168. Hierocles, 723, 2; Georg. Cypr., 1071.

^{page 273 note 10} Councils of Constantinople and Chalcedon, Mansi, , Concilia, iii, 369Google Scholar and vii, 168; Hierocles, 722, 10; Georg. Cypr., 1067.

^{page 273 note 11} 722, 11; the text of Georgius Cyprius is doubtful.

^{page 273 note 12} IGRR, iii, 1189.

^{page 273 note 13} Wadd., 2145.

^{page 273 note 14} Wadd., 2158, 2159.

^{page 273 note 15} Either the indiction must be emended from IE to IB, or the year from СΞΓ to СΞΕ.

^{page 273 note 16} Dussaud, Voyage, p. 145, no. 4, Wadd., 2161.

^{page 274 note 1} Perhaps ЄΤΟΥССΞΗ is a possible emendation for ЄΤΟΥΦΞΗ, Waddington's reading. A change of 300 years is necessary to keep the induction number unaltered.

^{page 274 note 2} Wadd., 2137.

^{page 274 note 3} Georg. Cypr., 1076.

^{page 274 note 4} This is proved by its falling under the authority of the centurion who supervised Trachonitis and northern Auranitis in the second century; see above, p. 268; cities were exempt from his rule, see below, p. 275.

^{page 274 note 5} cf. the boundary stone between Dionysias and the Atheleni, Dussaud, Mission, p. 649, no. 23 (= IGRR, iii, 1278).

^{page 274 note 6} Wadd., 2070 c, [ὴ πό] λις … διὰ ἐπιμελητῶν …

^{page 274 note 7} Wadd., 2034.

^{page 274 note 8} Head, Hist. Num. ², p. 812.

^{page 275 note 1} On the inscriptions of Canatha and Dionysias, Wadd., 2331, 2305, 2308, 2309, the governor alone is cited.

^{page 275 note 2} Wadd., 2341 for Canatha, 2072 for Philippopolis, Rev. bibl., 1905, p. 95, no. 8 for Dionysias.

^{page 275 note 3} Wadd., 2306, 2307, for βουλή in Dionysias and Canatha; for βουλευταί of Canatha and Philippopolis see note 1, p. 273.

^{page 275 note 4} Many βουλευταί occur in the territory I have attributed to Bostra, at Salkhad, Imtan, Umm-el-Kuttein, Kerak, Hoyet Hibikke, and Taiyibe (Wadd., 1989, 2034, 2053 c, 2412 e, Dussaud, Rapport, p. 663, no. 63, Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 624). These naturally do not state their city; one at Ayûn (Wadd., 1984 a) does however.

^{page 275 note 5} Wadd., 2506.

^{page 275 note 6} Wadd., 2019.

^{page 275 note 7} Wadd., 2216.

^{page 275 note 8} IGRR, i, 25.

^{page 275 note 9} Wadd., 2514.

^{page 275 note 10} Wadd., 2537 e.

^{page 275 note 11} Wadd., 2546.

^{page 275 note 12} Princeton Exp. Syria, iii, A, 787².

^{page 275 note 13} Wadd., 2204.

^{page 275 note 14} IGRR, i, 25.