^{page 25 note 2} i, p. 630–633. Where he departed from the then generally accepted position of the Triumphal Gate between Porta Carmentalis and Porta Flumentana.

^{page 25 note 3} p. 109 foll. vol. xxxvi.

^{page 25 note 4} American Journal of Archaeology, vol. xvi, 1912,. p. 406Google Scholar.

^{page 26 note 1} Suet. Nero 25; Dio Cass. lxiii, 20; Josephus B. J. vii., 4–6Google Scholar.

^{page 26 note 2} Josephus B. J. vii, 4Google Scholar: τοῦ δὲ στρατιωτικοῦ πανπὸς ἔτι νύκτωρ κατὰ λόχους καὶ τάξεις ὑπὸ τοῖς ἡγεμόσι προεξωδευκότος καὶ περὶ θύρας ὄντος οὐ τῶν ἄνω βασιλείων ἀλλὰ πλησίον τοῦ τῆς Ἴσιδος ἱεραῦ (ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἀνεπαύοντο τῆς νυκτὸς ἐκείνης οἱ αὐτοκράτορες).

^{page 26 note 3} Jordan I³, 567 ff.; Lanciani Bulletino Arch. Com. 1883, p. 33 foll.; Rodocanachi Mon. de Rome, p. 76. A temple of Minerva was built by Pompey in 62 B.C. Probably it was this which Domitian restored under the name of Minerva Chalcidica, and whose foundations are partly under the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva (Platner, Ancient Rome, 350).

^{page 26 note 4} Lanciani Bull Com. 1883, p. 34, misunderstands Josephus and says that Vespasian and Titus spent the night in the Temple of Isis. There is no other example of an official being lodged in a temple; but there the Senate met ambassadors and generals awaiting their triumph, as in the case of the Carthaginian ambassadors in 203 B.C.: quibus vetitis ingredi urbem, hospitium in villa publica, senatus ad aedem Bellonae datus est. Livy xxx, 21.

^{page 26 note 5} Varro R.R. iii, 2; in extremo Campo Martis. Also placed near the Temple of Bellona: Plutarch Sulla 30.

^{page 26 note 6} ‘Vis potius Villae Publicae utamur umbra ? De R. R. iii, 2.

^{page 27 note 1} The fragment shows the inscription CA: Jordan Forma Urbis Romae frag. 103. Hülsen Mittheilungen 1903, p. 48, pl. i, frag. m. The Vatican sketch shows PVBLI, which is supposed to belong: Jordan, frag. 97.

^{page 27 note 2} cf. Hülsen Mitth. 1903, p. 17 foll. This temple is the Porticus Divorum marked in Hülsen Forma Urbis Romac iv. Dbc.

^{page 27 note 3} See reproduction (fig. 2), from Donaldson's enlargement of the coin in the British Museum. Donaldson Architectura Numismatica, fig. 68. Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, vol. i, p. 479, pl. xlviii, 7. The coin is of the gens Fonteia with which T. Didius appears to have had some connection.

^{page 28 note 1} This appears also from Apuleius Apol. i, where we axe told that Cato, setting out to his province. stopped at the Villa Publica. ‘Cum in Hispaniam proficisceretur, tres servos solos ex urbe duxisse. Quum iam ad Villam Publicam venerat, parum visum queis uteretur; iussisse duos pueros in foro de mensa emi; eos quinque in Hispaniam duxisse.’

^{page 28 note 2} De Rossi, Notizie degli Scavi, 1888, p. 709.

PORTICVS . TRI[umphi]

LONG . EFFIC . PE[d. dlvi]

ITUM . ET . RED . PE[d . ∞ CXii.]

PASS . CCXXI [i. semis]

QVINQVIES . IT[um et red]

EFFICIT . PA[ssvs]

∞ CXII.

^{page 28 note 3} C.I.L. vi., 29776.

pORTICVS . TRI

VMPHI . ITV . RE

DITV . OCTIES . SE.

MIS . EFFICIT . PASSVS . ∞

Cf. that mentioned on an inscription from Hadrian's villa, not necessarily called P. triumphi. Porticus (triumphi ?) circuitum habet ped. ∞ CCCL. Hoc vii. efficit pass. ∞ ∞ XXX. Jahrbuch 1896. Anzeiger, p. 47. 1895, p. 234. De Rossi Bull Com. 1889, p. 357.

Cf. also inscription on term of Priapus:—Spatia X in ci(r)cuitu effic(i)unt passu(s) mille ped(es) (quinque mille).

Lanciani Bull Com. 1885, p. 100, no. 1019. De Rossi B.C. 1889, p. 357.

^{page 28 note 4} By Matranga, who alone saw and copied it in 1852, De Rossi N. d. S. 1888, p. 709.

^{page 28 note 5} Cf. imitations of other names and monuments of Rome in other towns in Italy and the provinces, e.g., Porta Triumphalis of Praeneste and Puteoli. De Rossi gives a long list Not.d. Scavi, 1888, p. 712.

^{page 28 note 6} Rem gloriosissimam faciemus: in Campo Martio saepta … eaque cingemus excelsa porticu, ut mille passuum conficiatur; simul adiungetur huic operi villa etiam publica (Cic. ad Att. iv, 16Google Scholar, 14). This passage would seem definitely not to speak of the Villa Publica proper.

^{page 29 note 1} The Porticus Meleagri is mentioned in the fourth century, Notitia Regionum ix. It was perhaps only part of the Saepta. The Porticus Argonautarum was built by Agrippa in 25 B.C., probably north of the Saepta, and is identified with the Hadrianeum (Hülsen F.U.R. ii, Gk.)—See accompanying map ABa.

Cf. Jordan-Hülsen Top. I³, p. 574; Platner, Ancient Rome, p. 516.

Of the Porticus Europae the exact location is unknown, but that it was near the Saepta we learn from Martial ii. 14, ll. 3, 5, 15.

^{page 29 note 2} Jordan-Hülsen Top. I³, p. 495, suggests that part of the way, from the Porta Triumphalis to the Circus Flaminius or from the Circus to the Porta Carmentalis, was covered by a porticus Triumphi, and in F.U.R. iv. 1912, marks its possible line as extending from the north side of the entrance to the Circus Flaminius to the beginning of the Forum Holitorium—i.e. a distance of about 300 metres.

^{page 29 note 3} But it may very well imply that the Porticus Triumphi, like those copied from it, was ¼, ⅛, etc., of a mile.

^{page 30 note 1} They had already dismissed the soldiers to a breakfast provided by them, probably in the Villa Publica (Josephus l.c.).

^{page 30 note 2} Becker placed it between the Campus Martius and the Circus Flaminius. Handbuch i, pp. 149–154. Preller, Die Regionen der Stadt Rom. (Jena) 1846, pp. 157 and 239–240, placed it near the Villa Publica and the Temple of Bellona.

^{page 30 note 3} He suggested the Porta Triumphalis as an arch in the Circus Maximus.

^{page 30 note 4} A position still accepted by Lanciani in Ruins and Excavations, p. 64.

^{page 30 note 5} Cicero, In Pisonem, 23, 55: quasi vero id aut ego scire debuerim aut vestrum quisquam audierit aut ad rem pertineat qua tu porta introieris modo ne triumphali quae porta Macedonicis semper (pro) consulibus ante te patuit; tu inventus es qui consulari imperio praeditus ex Macedonia non triumphares.

^{page 30 note 6} Tac. Ann. i., 8Google Scholar. ut porta triumphali funus duceretur.

Suet. Aug. 100, ut inter alia complura censuerint Dio Cass. lvi, 42. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο τήν τε κλίνην οἱ αὐτοὶ οἵπερ καὶ πρότερον, ἀράμενοι δοὰ τῶν ἐπινικίων πυλῶν κατὰ τὰ τῇ βουλῇ δόξαντα διεκόμισαν.

^{page 30 note 7} Bull. Com. 1908, pp. 110 foll.

^{page 30 note 8} Bull. Com. 1908, p. 148, cites the use of an arch of the aqueduct of Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus, Jordan-Hülsen i, p. 357, to form the Porta Maggiore and compares the panels from the attic of the arch by Constantine, which show two arches of which one only is decorated. Strong, Roman Sculpture, pl. 90, Nos. 3 and 4.

^{page 31 note 1} πρὸς δὲ τὴν πύλην αὐτὸς ἀνεχώρει τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ πέμπεσθαι δι' αὐτῆς ἀεὶ τοὺς θριάμβους τῆς προσηγορίας ἀπ' αὐτῶν τετυχηκυῖαν.

^{page 31 note 2} Suet. Nero, 25.

^{page 31 note 3} Landing at Puteoli.

^{page 31 note 4} For the latest views on the four white horses of the sun in triumphs, see Cumont, Études Syriennes, p. 96 foll.

^{page 31 note 5} Antium was his native place, Albanum his favourite residence. The reference to Albanum cannot refer to the breaking down of a wall, there being noevidence for a town of Albanum before Constantine. Probably Nero stopped here. So also Lugli, Bull. Com. 1914, p. 213.

^{page 31 note 6} Suet. Nero, 25. Cf. also Dio Cass. lxiii, 20: ἐπεὶ δ' οὐν ἑς τὴν Ρώμην ἐσήλασε, τοῦ τε τείχους τι καθῃρέθη καὶ τῶν πυλῶν περιερράγη, νενομίσθαι τινῶν λεγόντων ἑκάτερον τοῖς ἐκ τῶν ἀγώνων σγεΦανηΦόροις γίνεσθαι.

^{page 31 note 7} Dio Cassius expressly tells us, lxiii, 20, that he went first to the Capitol—ἐς τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἀνέβη καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐς τὸ Παλάτιον—but it is likely that he did so in imitation of the regular triumph, and that his real aim was the temple of Apollo. For that reason Suetonius does not mention the Capitol.

^{page 32 note 1} Plutarch Symposiaca ii, 5, 2. καὶ τὸ τοῖς νικηϕόροις εἰσελαύνουσι τῶν τειχῶν ἐϕίεσθαι μέρος διελεῖν καὶ καταβαλεῖν, τοιαύτην ἔχει διάνοιαν, ὡς οὐ μέγα πόλει ὄϕελος ἄνδρας ἐχούσῃ μάχεσθαι δυναμένους καὶ νικᾶν.

Antium, which Nero so entered, was his native place.

^{page 32 note 2} He broke down also an arch of the Circus Maximus (Suet. l.c.). Did he do so in sign of contempt for the custom of passing through the Triumphal Gate, since he was victorious, not in war, but in the arts of peace ?

^{page 32 note 3} Senacula tria fuisse Romae, in quibus senatus haberi solitus sit, memoriae prodidit. Nicostratus, in libro qui inscribitur de senatu habendo, unum ubi nunc est aedes Concordiae inter Capitolium et Forum, in quo solebant magistratus d(um) t(axat) cum senioribus deliberare; alterum ad Portam Capenam, tertium, citra aedem Bellonae, in quo exterarum nationum legatis, quos in urbem admittere nolebant, senatus dabatur (Festus p. 347). The Temple of Bellona was near the Villa Publica (Plut. Sulla, 30).

^{page 32 note 4} Livy xxiii, 32, 3.

^{page 32 note 5} Jordan-Hülsen I³, p. 184 and 185, n. 9. See accompanying map sI.

^{page 32 note 6} cf. Mommsen, Röm. Staatsrecht iii, p. 914Google Scholar, n. 4, and Hülsen I³, 184.

^{page 32 note 7} So L. Manlius, 185 B.C., returning from Spain, met the Senate ‘in aede Bellonae,’ Livy xxxix, 29. So L. Aemilius Regillus, after the naval battle at Myonnesus in Ionia, ‘in aede Apollinis,’ Livy xxxvii, 58. C. Popillius in 172 B.C. for triumph over Ligurians—‘in aede Apollinis’—Livy lxii, 28, 2. Ti Sempronius Gracchus and L. Postumius Albinus in 178 B.C., coming from Spain—‘in aede Bellonae. Livy xli, 6. P. Cornelius Scipio in 206 B.C. coming ‘decem navibus,’ and landing possibly at Ostia, Livy xxviii, 38.

^{page 33 note 1} Signorina Morpurgo thinks that Domitian's Arch to which Martial refers in Epig. viii, 65, was outside the Porta Capena, on the ground that here was the Ara Fortunae Reducis voted in 19 B.C. for the happy return of Augustus from Syria (Mon. Ancyr. 2, 29–33. Coins in Cohen² i, Augustus, nos. 102–108, 513), and that Martial refers to this altar as Templa. But cf. Stuart Jones Papers of the British School iii, pp. 260 ff. This sanctuary of Fortuna Redux is referred to in Claudian De Sexto Consulatu Honorii, 1.

^{page 33 note 2} No. 43 in Conservatori Museum shows what Jones, Stuart, in Papers of the British School iii, pp. 260Google Scholar foll., considers a new Porta Triumphalis or a restoration of the old one by Domitian, along with his Temple of Fortuna Redux—after the triumph of Decebalus in A.D. 89. Figured on coin in Cohen i, 530. Cf. also the arch represented on the Arch of Titus, and many representations of honorary arches on coins.

^{page 33 note 3} Gilbert, Top. der Stadt Rom. iii, pp. 157–8, n. 3Google Scholar.

^{page 33 note 4} It was dedicated in 13 B.C. by Augustus.

^{page 33 note 5} Josephus l.c.

^{page 33 note 6} Plut. Aem. Paullus, 32.

^{page 33 note 7} Suet. Nero 25.

Dio Cass. lxiii, 20. καὶ οὕτω διά τε τοῦ ἱπποδρόμου καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς … διελθών.

^{page 33 note 8} Plut. Lucullus 37. Cf. Nero's display of his crowns from the contests in Greece, round the obelisk of the Circus Maximus, Dio Cass. lxiii, 21.

M. Fulvius distributed gifts and decorations in the Circus Flaminius, Livy xxxix, 5, 17. Multos, eo die, priusquam in urbem inveheretur in Circo Flaminio tribunos, praefectos, equites, centuriones, Romanos sociosque donis militaribus donavit.

^{page 34 note 1} The route would lie between the three temples of Juno Sospita, Spes and Janus and two porticoes whose names are not certain. See plan gHG, and Bull. Com. 1917, p. 168.

^{page 34 note 2} Hülsen, Il Faro Boario e le sue adiacenze (Dissertazione alla Pontificia Accademia), p. 263, p. 259.

^{page 34 note 3} Hülsen l.c. p. 269–70.

^{page 34 note 4} Hülsen l.c. p. 271. See also p. 246–8 l.c. for porticoes in the Forum Boarium.

^{page 34 note 5} We can surmise the erection of such galleries from Plutarch Aem. Paull. 32. Ὁ μὲν δῆμος ἔν τε τοῖς ἱππικοῖς θεάτροις ἃ κίρκους καλοῦσι, περὶ τε τὴν ἀγορὰν ἱκρία.

^{page 34 note 6} Suet. Divus Julius, 37. The axle of his chariot broke in the Velabrum. Cf. Dio Cassius xliii, 21.

^{page 34 note 7} Handbuch, p. 153, and Richter Top.² p. 124.n. 4.

^{page 34 note 8} Livy xxvii, 37, 11–15.

^{page 35 note 1} Macrobius, , Sat i, 10, 15Google Scholar, calls the Velabrum a locus celeberrimus urbis.

^{page 35 note 2} Lanciani Ruins and Excavations, p. 92. Hülsen Bull. Com. 1894, p. 312, thinks this figure, given by Dionysius iii, 68, a slight exaggeration.

^{page 35 note 3} Suet. Claud. 21. But the Circus was destroyed by Nero's fire. It must, however, have been rebuilt before his triumph.

Bigot in Bull. Com. 1908, p. 253, records remains of granite columns belonging to the carceres of the Circus Maximus.

^{page 35 note 4} By which Nero must have entered, coming from Porta Capena. Here also Constantius' obelisk was brought into the Circus. Ammian. Marcell. xvii, 14, per Ostiensem portam Piscinamque publicam Circo illatus est Maximo.

^{page 35 5} Jordan-Hülsen i, 3, p. 201. Remains of a road of the first century B.C. and A.D. were found 11 metres below the Via di S. Gregorio. Narducci (Fognatura di Roma, 1889, 61–62 and Tav. 13, Sezione Trasversale no. 1) notes this road discovered in tracing the drains of the Circus Maximus. So also to a road outside the city this name was attached traditionally—from Monte Mario to the region of the Ospedale di S. Spirito. See Morpurgo op. cit. 1908, p.125.

^{page 35 note 6} Miss Van Deman's, E. B. theory, not yet fully published. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. xvi, 1912, p. 406Google Scholar.

^{page 35 note 7} That this was part of the Basilica of Constantine has been demonstrated by P. Barrows Whitehead in Nuovo Bollettino di Archeologia Cristiana, pp. 143–153.