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The Date and Value of the Verona List

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

A. H. M. Jones
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Extract

Since Bury's magistral article in this Journal over thirty years ago (XIII, 1923, 127 ff.) no scholar has attempted a comprehensive study of the date and value of the Laterculus Veronensis. Various historians have in passing expressed a preference for this date or that. Ernst Stein argued for 293–305 in Rheinisches Museum LXXVII (1925), 367, but in his Geschichte des spätrömischen Reiches 1, 102, preferred 304–306. E. Schwartz in a rathe fuller treatment (Abh. Bayer. Akad., phil.-hist. Kl., 1937, 79–82) argued for a much later date, between 325 and 337 for the eastern dioceses, and under Valentinian I for the western dioceses. Others have more modestly confined themselves to certain areas. H. Nesselhauf has maintained a relatively early date (305–306) for Gaul (Abh. Preuss. Akad., phil.-hist. Kl., 1938, 8 ff.), while W. Seston has argued for a date after 306 for Africa (Dioclétien et la Tétrarchie, I, 327–8). It may be timely to reassess the problem, particularly as some new evidence has recently emerged.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 44 , Issue 1-2 , November 1954 , pp. 21 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © A. H. M. Jones 1954. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 I quote here and elsewhere from Gelzer, Patr. Nic. Nom., lx–lxiv.

2 CIL III, 1418431.

3 CIL III, 1418437.

4 ILS 1214.

5 Cod. Theod. XI, iii, 2.

6 CIL VIII, 6700; Optatus, III, 8; Augustine, c. Cresc. III, xxvii, 30; AE 1942/3, 81.

7 ILS 644.

8 ILS 631–3.

9 ILS 651, CIL VIII, 5526, 7965, 18700. It may be noted that CIL VIII, 7067, ‘Valer … nus v. … diar … ret …’ does not (pace Anderson, , JRS XXII, 1932, 30–1Google Scholar) prove that the Numidias were reunited immediately under the same Vale[ Antoni]nus. The inscription probably records his promotion to be [rationalis Numi]diar[um et Mau]ret[aniarutrum], and shows that two Numidias continued to exist (contrast ILS 691 ‘rat. Numidiae et Mau[reta-] niarum’ under Constantine).

10 Eusebius, , HE x, 6Google Scholar, 1. I take it that the Africas are Proconsularis, Byzacium, and Tripolitania, the three subdivisions of the old proconsular Africa. See Addendum, p. 29.

11 Optatus, App. 1.

12 CIL VIII, 7005 (cf. 7006).

13 ILS 1240.

14 Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg. (Classe des lettres et sciences mor. et pol.), 5 Série, XXXVI (1950), 387–395Google Scholar.

15 I ignore the two overt glosses ‘Paphlagonia [nunc in duas divisa]’ and ‘Armenia minor [nunc et maior addita] ’.

16 ILS 1255.

17 De Synodis, proem (Migne, , PL x, 479Google Scholar), ‘dilectissimis et beatissimis fratribus et coepiscopis provinciae Germaniae Primae et Germaniae Secundae et Primae Belgicae et Belgicae Secundae et Lugdunensis Primae et Lugdunensis Secundae et provinciae Aquitanicae et provinciae Novempopulanae et ex Narbonensi plebibus et clericis Tolosanis et provinciarum Britanniarum episcopis.’

18 xv, xi, 13.

19 See note 17.

20 XVIII, 1, 4; XXII, i, 2; xv, xi, 14.

21 Breviarium, 6.

22 Mansi, , Conc. III, 615Google Scholar, ‘dilectissimis fratribus et episcopis provinciae Viennensium et Narbonensium Primae et Secundae.’

23 Ges. Schr. V, 583.

24 Abh. Preuss. Ak. (phil.-hist. Kl.), 1938, 9 ff.

25 Sir William Ramsay (Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, 80 ff.) threw doubt on their value, basing his argument on Gelasius 11, 28 and 38. This is a select list of Nicene signatures in which a few bishops sign each for a group of provinces, and amongst these appear Phrygia I and II (also Hellespont). But this list is clearly a late compilation containing many anachronisms, though it incorporates some old material (e.g. the name Diospontus) taken from the genuine signatures.

26 Hilary, de Synodis, 33 (Migne, , PL X, 506–7Google Scholar), Opera IV (CSEL), 49, 68, Athanasius, , Apol. c. Ar. 1, 37Google Scholar, Hist. Ar. 28, Theodoret, , HE 11, 8Google Scholar, Vigilius Tapsensis, c. Eutychem, V, 3 (Migne, , PL LXII, 136Google Scholar), collated by Feder, in Sb. Ak. Wien. CLXVI (1910), 5, 64–70, 94–100.Google Scholar

27 XIV, viii, 7–13.

28 Ep. 21.

29 Ep. 334–5 (cf. 315, 321, 563).

30 Not. Dig. Or. 1, 87, 11, 16, XXII, 24; Jerome, , Quaest. ad Gen. XVII, 30.Google Scholar

31 Index to the Festal Letters of St. Athanasius, 13; cf. Cod. Theod. XII, i, 34 (342).

32 The title Augusta Euphratensis is recorded in the Acta SS. Sergii et Bacchi (Anal. Bolland., XIV (1895), 375 ff.Google Scholar), whose dramatic date is 303–5: these Acta, though rhetorically embellished, seem to rest on a genuine narrative. It is used in the Acta of Constantinople (381) and Chalcedon (451). The province is called Euphratensis in Polemius, the Notitia Dignitatum, Hierocles, Georgius Cyprius, and Just. Nov. viii, Notitia: also in Cod. Theod. VII, xi, 2; xv, xi, 2; Cod. Just. VIII, x, 10. Augusta Euphratensis, which evidently survived in popular usage, reappears officially in Cod. Just. XII, lix, 10 under Leo.

33 Cod. Theod. I, vi, 1.

34 ILS 1220.

35 Ges. Schr., 580 ff.

36 JRS 1923, 136.

37 Cod. Theod. XIII, x, 2 (Seeck, Regesten, 52, for date).

38 IRT 465.

39 ILS 9352 shows that Aur. Quintianus, praeses of Numidia in 303 (ILS 644), was praeses of Tripolitania before or after that date. It also mentions his predecessor as praeses of Tripolitania, Val. Vivianus (cf. also IRT 577; CIL VIII, 22763). In view of these facts I do not favour Seston's hypothesis (Dioclétien et la Tétrarchie, 1, 327–31) that Numidia Militiana was the southern half of Numidia plus Tripolitania. There was a province officially called Tripolitania in the very early years of the fourth century. Seston's province would be a very awkward geographical unit. And a province the main part of which was Tripolitania would surely have been called Africa not Numidia: for although the legate of Numidia had long been responsible for policing the desert behind the three cities (IRT 880), the proconsul of Africa 8 ill ruled the cities under Carus (IRT 461). Moreover in 314 Tripolitania and two Numidias existed at the same time: Optatus, App. III.

40 JRS 1923, 135–6.

41 Klio, 1912, 234–9: cf. Bury, JRS 1923, 135.

42 AE 1933, 101; 1934, 259.

43 Acta S. Eupli, Studi e Testi, XLIX (1928), 47Google Scholar; ILS 677; Eus. HE x, 5, 23; CIL x, 7204; cf. ILS 8843.

44 CIL III, 6103; cf. BSA XXIX, 53, no. 80, and IG v, i, 538.

45 Clarissimi are recorded in ILS 614 (cf. Cod. Just. IX, ii, 9), 1211, 1212, 1213 (cf. CIL X, 1655), 2941 (cf. CIL VI, 1419, AE 1914, 249); Frag. Vat., 292; CIL X, 4785; XI, 1594; perfectissimi in ILS 1218; CIL IX, 687. Perfectissimi are still found sporadically among the Italian correctores throughout the fourth century, e.g. AE 1937, 119; ILS 734, 749, 755, 780; CIL X, 4755.

46 As appears from the omission of Asia in Not. Dig. Or. II and XXIV, and of Africa in Not. Dig. Occ. II and XX.

47 AE 1939, 58.

48 Βάσσος λήγατος appears at Durostorum in the Acta Dasii (Anal. Boll., XVI (1897), 11Google Scholar). The story is dated only to Diocletian and Maximian, and may fall early in the reign, as it is a military case having no connection with the Great Persecution.

49 See above p. 24.

50 Klio, 1912, 234–9 (two Dacia s in 283); Cod. Theod. II, xix, 2 (one in 321).

51 ILS 1240.

52 ILS 1217.

53 Achaea appears among the provinces ‘sub dispositione v. ill. PPO per Illyricum’ in Not. Dig. Or. iii: the page on the vicar of Macedonia is missing.

54 Themistius, Or. (ed. Dindorf) 502; Cod. Theod. VI, iv, 8, 9.

55 Athanasius, Apol. de fuga, 3.

56 ILS 1240; cf. 6111.

57 ILS 5699; CIL 11, 2635. Under Constans a senator is praeses of Dalmatia (CIL III, 1982–3, 2771, 8710).

58 Optatus, App. 1, cf. Cod. Theod. XVI, ii, 7.

59 Cod. Theod. IV, xiii, 1; XI, xvi, 2; cf. ILS 2942.

60 AE 1939, 151; cf. ILS 1216, 1223–5, 2942; Cod. Theod. 1, ii, 6.

61 ILS 1240; cf. 1216, 1227.

62 ILS 1240.

63 ILS 1228.

64 AE 1940, 187 (= MAMA VI, 94); ILS 8881. The first inscription was found at Heraclea ad Salbacum (later in the province of Caria), the second at Eumeneia.

65 JRS 1932, 24 (from Hierapolis and Laodicea). The area which he governed need not have comprised the whole of Phrygia and Caria; for Phrygia (Pacatiana) included some Carian cities, and was officially known under Valens as Καροφρυγία (Theodoret, , HE IV, 8, 9Google Scholar). Castrius Constans' province included a Carian city (see note 64).

66 The consular governors of Phrygia or Phrygia and Caria (see notes 64 and 65) disappear in favour of praesides of the two Phrygias and Caria; here no doubt the break-up of the complex governed by a consular carried with it the disappearance of the consularitas. A doubtful case is Phoenice, which was under a praeses in 342 (Cod. Just. 11, lvii, 1). Socrates (HE 1, 29) speaks of Archelaus the ὐπατικός as arresting Arsenius at Tyre, but his terminology cannot be pressed. Seeck (Regesten 39–40) argues that the Dionysius who received two constitutions (Cod. Theod. IX, xxxiv, 4; VIII, xviii, 4; Cod. Just. VI, ix, 8) at Tyre and Heliopolis in 328£9 is identical with the Dionysius ἀπὸ ὐπατιῶν who presided at the Council of Tyre in 335 (Eus. Vita Const. IV, 42) and had been consular of Phoenice in 328£9. This is plausible, but not conclusive; for Dionysius is a common name; and even if the same man is meant in both cases, he might have been praeses of Phoenice, consular of some other province, and then president at Tyre.

67 Contrast CIL VI, 1772; XI, 6218£9; XIV, 3582£3, with AE 1904, 52.

68 ILS 1253; see above p. 25.

69 Cod. Theod. IX, xlii, 3.

70 Cod. Theod. XI, xxxvi, 7; cf. 8 and x, i, 6.

71 Contrast Cod. Theod. IX, i, 8 with XII, i, 72; CIL V, 8658, 8987, with Cod. Theod. VIII, viii, 1; XI, vii, 10.

72 Soc., HE 11, 41; Chron. Min. 1, 239.

73 Cod. Theod. XI, xxxvi, 28; xxx, 42; x, xvi, 4.

74 ILS 5702, 1262–3, 8984; CIL IX, 1568–9; X, 3843.

75 Sulp. Sev. Chron. II, 49.