^{page 79 note 1} By the courtesy of the Editors, I have been able to insert some items from our work in 1912. I am indebted to Sir W. M. Ramsay and Prof. Haverfield for revising my proofs.

^{page 80 note 1} A considerable number of Antiochian inscriptions in Latin and in Greek, thanks mainly to Professor Sterrett, have long been known. Besides Sterrett's collections in his Epigraphic Journey, nos. 92–154, and Wolfe Expedition, nos. 352–365, Pauly-Wissowa, s.v. Antiochia Pisidiae (i, col. 2446), quotes C.I.G. 3979–3981, Le Bas, iii, 1189, ff, and 1815–1825, C.I.L. iii, 289, ff, and Ephem. Epig. v, 575, Athen. Mitth. xiv, 114. Add to those C.I.L. iii, 6803–6865, 12145–6846, and, for the surrounding district, Ramsay in Studies in the E. Rom. Prov. p. 305, ff. and in J.H.S. 1912, p. 151, Hellenistic Antioch is mentioned in Kern, Inschr. von Magnesia, no. 80. An Italian Greek inscription (Kaibel, Epigr. Graec. Ital. etc. no. 933) has an interesting bearing on Antioch (see Ramsay, Hist. Comm. on Galatians, p. 201). A masterly sketch of the town's history is given by Sir W. M. Ramsay, Cities of St. Paul, p. 247, ff. (with map of the territory around, p. 246); see also his Hist. Comm. on Galatians, p. 197, ff. The religion of the imperial estates near Antioch has been discussed in his Studies in the E. Rom. Prov. p. 305, ff. and J.H.S. 1912, pp. 151, foll.

^{page 80 note 2} Ramsay, Cities of St. Paul, 268.

^{page 80 note 3} Miss Hardie, Sir W. M. Ramsay, Mr. J. G. C. Anderson and the writer are referred to respectively as H, R, A and C.

^{page 81 note 1} Sterrett copied it correctly, but altered it in his transcription to [λ]ϵγϵωνάριōν, and this alteration was at first accepted by O. Hirschfeld, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissen. Berlin, 1891, p.864, but corrected ibid. 1893, p.421. So Mommsen, Strafrecht (1899), p. 312, who however prints ῥϵγιωνάριōσ.

^{page 81 note 2} I take those instances from Studies in the E. Rom. Prov. p. 278, where the references are given.

^{page 81 note 3} Pliny, Nat. Hist. v. 145. Solinus and Martianus Capella copy him.

^{page 82 note 1} Ramsay, First Christian Century, pp. 160, 161.

^{page 82 note 2} On the various meanings of regio, see Liebenam, Städteverwaltung, p. 5, f; Marquardt, , Staatsverwaltung, i, pp. 339Google Scholar, 4, ff; Hirschfeld, Verwaltungsbeamten, p. 133.

^{page 82 note 3} In what follows, I am indebted to Hirschfeld's three papers in the Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissen. Berlin; Sicherheitspolizei im röm. Kaiserreich 1891, p. 845, ff; Die aegyptische Polizei der röm. Kaiserzeit, 1892, p. 815, ff 5 and Die agentes in rebus, 1893, p. 421, ff; and to Mommsen, Strafrecht, p. 297, ff: see also Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, i, p. 67, ff.; Liebenam, Städteverwaltung, 357, f. and Domaszewski in Rhein. Museum, 1912, p. 151.

^{page 82 note 4} An exception is κōσμίων κερίōε καίσαρσ ōὐέρνασ ϵίρηνάρχησ on the imperial estate of Dipotamon near Tyriaion (Anderson, in J.H.S. 1898, p. 123, no. 70). The tenure of the eirenarchate by an imperial slave is a pretty (and I think unnoticed) illustration of Rostowzew's theory of a ‘quasimuncipal’ organisation on the imperial estates: see Ramsay in Studies in the E.R. Prov. 306. On the estate of Dipotamon, ibid. 251.

^{page 82 note 5} Hirschfeld, Sicherbeitspolizei, etc. p. 868. Hirschfeld has adduced two instances in which the competence of the ϵίρηνάρχησ extended over a whole province (Asia and Cilicia), but this arrangement seems to have been of short duration.

^{page 83 note 1} “Militärische Posten unter dem Commando von Subalternen bis hinauf zum Centurio”: Mommsen, Strafrecht, p. 312.

^{page 83 note 2} Pliny, Ep. ad Traianum, lxxvii and lxxviii.

^{page 83 note 3} On the lawlessness of the Pisidians, see Ramsay, Church in Rom. Empire, p. 23, f. The colonia of Antioch was founded to police this district.

^{page 83 note 4} J.H.S. 1902, p. 106, no. 16.

^{page 83 note 5} Revue de Philologie, 1912, 70.

^{page 83 note 6} Siculus Flaccus, p. 135, 4, “regiones autem dicimus intra quarum fines singularum coloniarum aut municipiorum magistratibus ius dicendi coercendique est libera potestas.” Those regiones are in practice difficult to distinguish from the wider districts.

^{page 83 note 7} Many inscriptions describe the province, not by its single name (which is strict Roman custom) but by enumerating the parts of which it was composed. In fact, the index to C.I.L. and Brandis in P.W.R.E. understand that these were provinciae. This is going too far and is due to misunderstanding the expression ἐπιτρōπ ἐπαρχϵίασ Γαλατίασ καὶ τῶν σύνϵνγεσ ἔθνων meaning “Galatia, Phrygia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Paphlagonia, etc,” whereas it really means “Galatia, Asia, Pamphylia, etc:” compare C.I.L. iii, 6994 proc. per Asiam et adhaerentes provincias, which provinces are proved by detailed lists in other inscriptions to be Galatia, Lycia, Pamphylia, etc. Still, the consensus of so many inscriptions proves that these parts of the province were really regiones in a large sense, distinct divisions of the large province Galatia. (I am indebted to Sir W. M. Ramsay for this note.)

^{page 83 note 8} The province Asia was divided into 44 regiones, although at one period it contained 500 cities; Marquardt, , Staatsverw. i, p. 339Google Scholar.

^{page 83 note 9} See Marquardt, ibid. no. 6.

^{page 83 note 10} Ramsay in Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, ii, p. 89, ff.

^{page 84 note 1} Ramsay in Class. Rev. 1905, p. 369.

^{page 85 note 1} Cities of St. Paul, 281.

^{page 85 note 2} No. 1192 in Le Bas-Waddington.

^{page 85 note 3} In Studia Biblica, iv, 52 ff. Prof. Ramsay supposed that the date on the stone (247) was reckoned from the era of liberty (190 B.C.), giving the date A.D. 57. But he informs me that he has seen the inscription since then, and recognised, on account of the lettering, that it belongs to the third century, so that the date must probably be from 25 B.C. the year of the organisation of the province Galatia.

^{page 86 note 1} Ramsay, , Studia Biblica, iv. 48Google Scholar, thinks that the Romans discontinued the division into tetrarchies; but the tribal divisions were certainly retained, at least in name.

^{page 86 note 2} See Ramsay in Class. Rev. 1905, p. 414.

^{page 86 note 3} C.I.L. iii, 6627, i, line 5, 20, ii 22; Bull. Epig. iv. p. 264. The tribus Collina is also represented at Tavia, C.I.L. iii, 1503.

^{page 86 note 4} τάōειōν, Strabo, p. 567.

^{page 86 note 5} Epig. Journ. no. 96.

^{page 87 note 1} Mommsen, , Staatsrecht³, ii, 240Google Scholar, no. 5. O. Hirschfeld took this inscription to refer to a νεκτōστρατηγόσ (Berlin Sitzungsber. 1891, p. 868); Professor Ramsay to a duumvir (Hist. Comm. on Galatians, 208). For στρατηγōί at Antioch in the Hellenistic period, see Kern, Inschriften von Magnesia, no. 80.

^{page 87 note 2} Klio, 1910, p. 233; Sterrett, Epig. Journ. nos. 122, 123, 124Google Scholar (=C.I.L. iii, nos. 6807 (better) 6808, 6806); C.I.L. iii, 13661. The last is a dedication to the empress Valeria, and therefore cannot be later than A.D. 311: see Ramsay, Luke the Physician, etc, 345. Diogenes governed Pisidia till after the victory of Constantine; in the inscription Sterrett, no. 124, he honours Constantine as sole emperor.

^{page 87 note 3} On the bearing of this distinction see Hirschfeld in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1901, p. 589, ff.

^{page 87 note 4} See Boecking's ed. ii, 141.

^{page 87 note 5} Cities of St. Paul, 283.

^{page 88 note 1} Cod. Just. x. 72. 2. (Imp. Julianus A. ad Mamertinum P.P.) “Quotiens de qualitate solidorum orta fuerit dubitatio, placet, quem sermo Graecus appellat per singulas civitates constitutum zygostaten, qui pro sua fide atque industria neque fallat neque fallatur, contentionem dirimere” (A.D. 363). A Christian zygostates of the Fayoum is mentioned by Lefebvre, Inscr. grecq. chrét. d'Egypte, no. 95. On the economic situation at this period, see Salvioli, , Le Capitalisme dans le Monde antique (Paris, 1906), p. 288Google Scholar.

^{page 88 note 2} The inscription is cut in large careful letters, and can scarcely be a mere graffito. But it is possible that the inscription was cut on a stone afterwards used in the construction of the building.

^{page 89 note 1} Not. Dignit. Boecking's ed. ii, p. 59, f.

^{page 89 note 2} ibid. p. 113.

^{page 89 note 3} The list is given in Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. ii, (I), p. 544 “I commentarienses negli officii amministrativi del basso Impero.” See also Mommsen, Staatsrecht,³ ii, p. 1122, no. 1.

^{page 89 note 4} Epig. Journ. no. 150.

^{page 89 note 5} Exploration de la Galatie, i, p. 55.

^{page 90 note 1} See J.H.S. 1911, p. 170.

^{page 90 note 2} The letter following P was represented by the lower part of an upright stroke, which we thought could not be E. The right solution has yet to be found.

^{page 90 note 3} See Ramsay, Hist. Comm. on Galatians, p. 201.

^{page 94 note 1} See Class. Rev. 1910, p. 78.

^{page 94 note 2} Professor Ramsay understands “a stele which is this altar.” In either case the erection is both sepulchral (στἠλη) and votive (βωμόσ).

^{page 95 note 1} While ‘ ασκαηνόσ implies ‘ ασκαία already in use as a substantive, ‘ ασκαῖōσ and ‘ ασκηνόσ (on coins of Sardis) point to an orginal substantival form ‘ ασκα.

^{page 95 note 2} This construction is fairly common in Cilicia, e.g. Le Bas, 1400, 1437, etc : cf. no. 25a below.

^{page 95 note 3} Rouse, Greek Votive Offerings, p. 315, quotes a few instances.

^{page 96 note 1} Epig. latine, p. 197.

^{page 96 note 2} Cagnat, Inscr. Graec. etc. iii, p. 147, ff.

^{page 99 note 1} C.I.L. iii, p. 54.

^{page 99 note 2} See Pauly-Wissowa, Realenc. i, col. 1247 (Cichorius), where the references (C.I.L. iii, 6821, 6822, 6831) are given. Cichorius holds that this ala had been quartered for a time in Germany: see below, on no. 32.

^{page 99 note 3} A list of known municipal and colonial augurs is given in Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. vol. i, p. 804, ff; this is the first augur mentioned in a Galatian city, and only one is quoted in the province Asia (C.I.G. Add. 3865).

^{page 99 note 4} Hirschfeld, Röm. Verwaltungsbeamten, p. 418.

^{page 99 note 5} At this period in Alexandria: Cagnat in Daremberg-Saglio's Dict. iii (2), p. 1079.

^{page 99 note 6} Claudius, c. 25. See Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 419, f. It is possible, however, that only the last of three performed militiae is mentioned.

^{page 99 note 7} op. cit, 263.

^{page 100 note 1} e.g. by Marquardt, , Röm. Staatsverw. i, p. 367Google Scholar; Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. ii. (I), p. 96Google Scholar.

^{page 100 note 2} cf. Prosop. Imp. Rom. i, p. 265.

^{page 100 note 3} cf. Tacitus, Annals, xv, 25, Scribitur tetrarchis ac regibus praefectisque et procuratoribus et qui praetorum finitimas provincias regebant, iussis Corbulonis obsequi. These procuratores probably included the procuratorial governor of Cappadoeia. On this passage, see Mommsen, Staaurecht, ii, p. 655, n. I.

^{page 100 note 4} Sir W. M. Ramsay sends me an inscription copied by him at Iconium in 1906. M. ARRUNTIO M. FIL. SERG. FRUGI. PRAEF. COH. III. ULP. PETRAEOR. TRIB. MIL. LEG. XIII. GEM. PRAEF. ALAE. PARTHOR. SAGIT. PROC. AUG. PROVIN. CILIC. PROV. CAPPAD. Arruntius was procurator successively in Cilicia and Cappadocia. The inscription is not earlier than Trajan's reign.

^{page 100 note 5} Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. ii (i), p. 96, f.Google Scholar

^{page 100 note 6} C.I.L. v, 8660 and ii, 1970.

^{page 100 note 7} C.I.L. iii, 287 and B.C.H. 1886, p. 502.

^{page 100 note 8} Klio, 1910, p. 236. This procurator had been ἐπἰτρōπōσ χαρτ[η]ρᾶσ ‘ αλ ϵξανδρϵίασ; like Proculus, he passed immediately form Egypt to Cappadocia. I have thank Zucker for the above correction of χάρτ[ησ ἱϵ]ρᾶσ, a Latinism for charta sacra, which I suggested in Klio. Zucker (Pbilolgus, 1911, p. 85) discusses this inscription excellently. Mahaffy criticises Zucker's article in Hermathena, 1911, p. 237, ff. Professor Adolf Wilhelm suggests (by letter) that the name of this procurator should be restored as Διαδōύμ[ϵνōν, cf. Prosop. Imp. Rom. ii, 9.

^{page 101 note 1} C.I.L. iii, 6843. Statius Pescennius was praefectus Drusi ii viri anno secundo, which means that Pescennius was the representative on the spot of Drusus, an honorary duumvir, either in his second year as duumvir or in the second year of the colonia (Mommsen). This inscription affords a proof that Antioch was made a colonia before II B.C. Drusus died in September, 9 B.C. See Prosop. Imp. Rom. i, p. 365, no. 689. C.I.L. iii, 6843, used to be ascribed to Drusus, son of Germanicus, but the new inscription seems to shew that the brother of Tiberius is meant.

^{page 101 note 2} Sterrett, Epig. Journ. no. 103, gives a name of a vicus beginning with D; we revised the text in 1912, and decided that the letter is certainly D and not P, which might belong to Patricius.

^{page 102 note 1} Epig. Journ. p. 143.

^{page 102 note 2} Hist. Comm. on Galatians, p. 204.

^{page 102 note 3} Mordtmann, Marmora Ancyrana, p. 16 no. 5.

^{page 102 note 4} Ath. Mitt. 1905, p. 324, ff.

^{page 102 note 5} See Willems, Droit Public Remain, p. 535.

^{page 103 note 1} See Revue de Philologie, 1912, p. 49, f.

^{page 104 note 1} See Wiegand, in Ath. Mitt. 1905, p. 325.

^{page 105 note 1} Staatsverw. i, p. 386.

^{page 105 note 2} e.g. Heberdey and Wilhelm, Reisen in Kilikien, pp. 28–30; Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci Inscr. Sel. ii, p. 494, ff.

^{page 105 note 3} Strabo, p. 676. καθ' ἡμᾶς δὲ κατέστη κύριος πάντων ἀνὴρ ἀξιόλογος καὶ βασιλεὺς ύπὸ ‛Ρωμαίων ὠνομάσθη διὰ τὰς ἀνδραγαθίας Ταρκονδίμοτος, καὶ τὴν διαδοχὴν τοῖς μετ̕ αὐτὸν παρέδωκε.

^{page 105 note 4} Ad. Fam. xv, 1, 2.

^{page 105 note 5} op. cit. p. 29.

^{page 105 note 6} Mithr. 105.

^{page 105 note 7} Pliny, Hist. Nat. v, 93Google Scholar (Dittenberger, op. cit. p. 496).

^{page 105 note 8} See below.

^{page 105 note 9} Dio Cassius, xli, 63.

^{page 105 note 10} ibid. xlvii, 26.

^{page 105 note 11} πρὸσ τὰ παρόνα μϵταστόντασ : ibid. li, 7.

^{page 105 note 12} Ibid. liv, 9.

^{page 105 note 13} Ibid. xli, 63.

^{page 105 note 14} Dittenberger, p. 495, no. 2, suggests an alternative view: see below.

^{page 106 note 1} See Head, Historia Numorum, p. 735.

^{page 106 note 2} Heberdey and Wilhelm, loc. cit, basing on Eckhel, iii, 82 (who avoids the conclusion drawn by Heberdey and Wilhelm, followed by Vaglieri in Ruggiero, Diz. Epig. s.v. Cilicia). The correction, as Mr. G. F. Hill informs me, was made by M. Babelon (Mélanges Num. i, p. 82, f.) Invent. Wadd. 4714, and p. 469. None of the British Museum specimens (B.M.C. p. cxxx, and 237) shows more than NTΩ.

^{page 106 note 3} Nos. 63–66 in their collection.

^{page 106 note 4} Strabo, p. 676, quoted above.

^{page 107 note 1} There are some slight differences between the epigraphic copies of Heberdey and Wilhelm and of Bent in J.H.S. 1890, p. 239; but Heberdey and Wilhelm expressly note the shape of the letters, and their copy must be preferred.

^{page 107 note 2} Philologus, 1911, p. 448.

^{page 108 note 1} Perhaps τρόϕιμōσ, which occurs in the same sense in an unpublished inscription of Laodicea Combusta, is the desired word.

^{page 108 note 2} We were, however, confronted with the difficulty of explaining how Laius, who died before 30 B.C. could have his statue erected in the colonia Antioch, which was not founded till after 25 B.C.

^{page 109 note 1} The inscription, being in Latin, belongs of course to the Roman colonia.

^{page 109 note 2} Ramsay, Church in Rom. Emp. p. 382, ff; Hasluck, J.H.S. 1902, pp. 130 foll.