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C. Baebius and the Coinage of (?)Dium under Tiberius

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

C. H. V. Sutherland
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Extract

The small and compact series of aes coins on which appear the names of C · BAEBIVS · P · F ·, L · RVSTICELIVS · BASTERNA ·, and L·RVSTICELIVS· CORDVS as duoviri quinquennales has always presented difficulties, chief among them being the question of the mint at which they were struck. Of the early numismatists, Sestini was the first to give these coins serious consideration: ninety years later Imhoof-Blumer described the series at length, and (influenced by Sestini) proposed its attribution to the mint of Dium (Pieriae) in Macedonia, his views being tentatively accepted afterwards in the Berlin Catalogue and more recently incorporated in the studies of H. Gaebler. For reasons which will appear below, I shall pay no great attention in this paper to the question of mint-attribution. Attention will be directed rather to the date at which the coins were struck, and to the identity of the duoviri quinquennales—Baebius in particular.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 31 , Issue 1-2 , November 1941 , pp. 73 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © C. H. V. Sutherland 1941. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

1 Descriptio numorum veterum ex museis Ainslie, etc. (Leipzig, 1796), 101 fGoogle Scholar.

2 Monnaies grecques (Paris and Leipzig, 1883), 74 ffGoogle Scholar.

3 Kömgliche Museen zu Berlin: Beschreibung der antiken Münzen ii (1889), 76 ffGoogle Scholar.

4 Die antiken Münzen Nord-Griechenlands iii, part 2 (Berlin, 1935), 60 f.Google Scholar; and especially ‘Zur Münzkunde Makedoniens : vii. Die ersten Colonialprägungen in Pella, Dium und Cassandrea’, in Zeitschr. f. Num. xxxvi (1926), 116 ffGoogle Scholar. This last paper came into my hands only after my own article was drafted out; and the identification of C. Baebius proposed on p. 77 below was made quite independently of Gaebler's suggestion.

5 My thanks are due to the Department of Coins and Medals in the British Museum for casts of the Museum's own considerable series of these coins.

6 O.c. 101 f.

7 That is to say, Dium in Pieria, the more important of the two Macedonian towns of that name: see BMC Macedon, etc. p. lvi.

8 O.c. 74 ff., 86 ff.

9 The sign ʘ, interpreted by von Sallet in the Berlin Catalogue as a Macedonian shield (i.e. ‘Pel<la> Macedoniae’), is regarded by Gaebler (Zeitschr. f. Num., l.c., 132) as a. patera,—to be associated with the ludi with which the duoviri of a town were connected.

10 It does not seem possible to determine the exact date at which Dium became a colonia. It was certainly a colony during Tiberius' reign (cf. BMC Macedon, etc., 71, no. 3), and its colonial status was attested later (Pliny, HN iv, 35Google Scholar; CIL iii, p. 115). There is no absolute proof of its promotion by Augustus, but both Mommsen (Provinces of the Roman Empire, etc. (Dickson, E.T. by (London, 1909) i, 301Google Scholar) and Kornemann (P-W s.v. ‘Colonia’, 549) accepted an Augustan date, which Gaebler also (Zeitschr. f. Num., cit., 128, n. 1) favours, placing the foundation about 30 B.C. Nos. 1–2 listed above should belong (on the grounds of the portraiture of no. 1) perhaps to the years c. 20–15 B.c.

11 Cf. Babelon, E., Traité, etc. i (i) (Paris, 1901), cols. 641 ff.Google Scholar; Milne, J. G., Greek and Roman Coins and the Study of History (London, 1939), 75 ffGoogle Scholar.

12 See below, p. 79.

13 See, for example, the coinage of Carthago Nova: Escudero, A. Vives y, La Moneda Hispánica iv (Madrid, 1924), 34 ff.Google Scholar, nos. 17, 18, 20, 37 ff.

14 CIL v, 1838=ILS 1349.

15 Cf. CAH x (Cambridge, 1934), 215, 698Google Scholar.

16 See Fluss in P-W xv, s.v. ‘Moesia’, 2372 ff.; Syme, R. in JRS xxiv (1934), 113 ff.Google Scholar; and Premerstein's, A. von very important ‘Die Anfänge der Provinz Moesien’ in Jahreshefte des österr. arch. Inst. i (1898), 145 ffGoogle Scholar.

17 Possibly, even under Gaius : see below, p. 79.

18 ‘Die Entwicklung der Provinz Moesia,’ in Neue Heidelberger Jahrbücher i, 196 ff.

19 O.c. 171.

20 Tac., Ann. 1, 80; 6, 39: Cassius Dio 58, 24, 4–5. See Stein, A., Die Legaten von Moesien (Diss. Pann. ser. I, fasc. II, Budapest, 1940), 18 fGoogle Scholar.

21 Tac., Ann. i, 80; Cassius Dio 60, 24; Suet., Div. Claudius 25.

22 Cf. Sutherland, C. H. V., The Romans in Spain (London, 1939) 143 f., 177 fGoogle Scholar.

23 See Stein, o.c. 19 f.

24 Cf. Liebenam in P-W, s.v. ‘Duoviri’, 1798 ff.

25 Syme, R., ‘Some Notes on the Legions under Augustus’ in JRS xxiii (1933), 14 ffGoogle Scholar.

26 As Imhoof-Blumer, o.c. 75, suggests, types such as our no. 6 are to be referred to the public games given by the magistrates for the people of Dium.

27 Cf. BMC Emp. i, pl. xxiv, no. 7. Mattingly's, Mr. recent theory (BMC Emp. iv, p. xvii, n. 2Google Scholar) of a TR·POT·XXIIII coinage extended over a number of years from A.D. 22 onwards must await substantiation, though it is not here forgotten. Stuart, M., ‘How were Imperial Portraits distributed throughout the Roman Empire ?’ in AJA xliii (1939), 601 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, discusses comparative material of great interest to the numismatist studying the transmission of coin-types.

28 Cf. C.H.V. Sutherland, ‘Divus Augustus Pater, &c.’ in Num. Chron. forthcoming. It may be noted that the Baebius-Basterna coins show Tiberius' legend arranged anticlockwise: on those of Cordus it is clockwise.

29 Absent from PIR; but cf. P-W i A, s.v. ‘Rusticelius’.

30 Cf. Strabo vii 305 C ( = Teubner, ed. Meineke ii, 418).

31 Cf. P-W iii, s.v. ‘Basternai (βαστέρναι)’, 113.

32 Res Gestae Divi Augusti 31.

33 CIL xiv, 3608 = ILS 986.

34 CIL iii, 862 = CIL xvi, 42.

35 Zeitschr.f. Num., cit., 129.

36 Ant. Münz. Nord-Gr., cit., 61, no. 6.