Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:35:42.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Access for Augustus: The ‘House of Livia’ and the Palatine Passages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2022

T. P. Wiseman
T. P. Wiseman*
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
*
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article draws attention to a neglected archaeological datum (pointed out by Amanda Claridge in 2014) that has important consequences for our understanding of the Augustan Palatine. The ‘house of Livia’, excavated in 1869, has always been thought of as belonging to the Augustan complex, but the evidence suggests that it did not exist above ground level after the 30s b.c.; its basement, on the other hand, was connected with an underground passage that was evidently an integral part of the building project begun by Imperator Caesar (‘Octavian’) in 36 b.c. Claridge's argument, with its corollary, that the Apollo temple faced north-east to the summit plateau of the hill, explains the surviving textual sources much more satisfactorily than the current orthodoxy. In particular, it casts significant new light on Suetonius’ statement that the name ‘Augustus’ referred to Romulus’ augustum augurium at the foundation of the city.

Keywords

Augustan PalatineImperator Caesar‘house of Livia’‘hut of Faustulus’augustum auguriumludi PalatiniAmanda Claridge
Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Roman Studies , Volume 112 , November 2022 , pp. 57 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barrett, A. A. 2002: Livia: First Lady of Imperial Rome, New Haven and London.Google Scholar
Boëthius, A. and Ward-Perkins, J. B. 1970: Etruscan and Roman Architecture, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Campbell, B. 2000: The Writings of the Roman Land Surveyors, Journal of Roman Studies Monograph 9, London.Google Scholar
Carafa, P. and Bruno, D. 2013: ‘Il Palatino messo a punto’, Archeologia classica 64, 719–86.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. 2014: La Roma di Augusto in 100 monumenti, Novara.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. 2016: Angoli di Roma: Guida inconsueta alla città antica, Rome and Bari.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. 2018: Io, Agrippina: Sorella, moglie, madre d'imperatori, Rome and Bari.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. and Bruno, D. 2008: La casa di Augusto: Dai ‘Lupercalia’ al Natale, Rome and Bari.Google Scholar
Carandini, A., Bruno, D. and Fraioli, F. 2010: Le case del potere nell'antica Roma, Rome and Bari.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. and Carafa, P. 2017: The Atlas of Ancient Rome: Biography and Portraits of the City, vol. 2, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Carandini, A. and Carafa, P. 2021: Dal mostro al principe: Alle origini di Roma, Rome and Bari.Google Scholar
Carettoni, G. 1953: ‘Saggi per uno studio topografico della Casa di Livia’, Notizie degli scavi 1953, 126–47.Google Scholar
Carettoni, G. 1957: ‘Saggi nell'interno della Casa di Livia’, Notizie degli scavi 1957, 72–116.Google Scholar
Carettoni, G. 1963: ‘La dimora Palatina di Augusto’, Capitolium 38, 496–9.Google Scholar
Castagnoli, F. 1964: ‘Note sulla topografia del Palatino e del Foro Romano’, Archeologia classica 16, 173–99.Google Scholar
Claridge, A. 2010: Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide, Oxford.Google Scholar
Claridge, A. 2014: ‘Reconstructing the temple of Apollo on the Palatine hill in Rome’, in Häuber, C., Schütz, F.-X. and Winder, G. M. (eds), Reconstruction and the Historic City: Rome and Abroad, Beiträge zur Wirtschaftsgeographie München 6, Munich, 128–52.Google Scholar
Claridge, A. 2018: ‘The development of the city: an archaeological perspective’, in Holleran, C. and Claridge, A. (eds), A Companion to the City of Rome, Malden, MA, 93–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coarelli, F. 1974: Guida archeologica di Roma, Milan.Google Scholar
Coarelli, F. 2007: Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide, Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Coarelli, F. 2012: Palatium: Il Palatino dalle origini all'Impero, Rome.Google Scholar
Crawford, M. H. (ed.) 1996: Roman Statutes, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies Supplement 64, vol. 1, London.Google Scholar
Croci, G. and Biritognolo, M. 1998: ‘Studio della stabilità e interventi di consolidamento delle strutture archeologiche e delle pendici sud ovest del Palatino’, in Giavarini, C. (ed.), Il Palatino: area sacra sud-ovest e Domus Tiberiana, Studia archeologica 95, Rome, 177–94.Google Scholar
de Souza, M. and Devillers, O. (eds) 2019: Neronia X: Le Palatin, émergence de la colline du pouvoir à Rome, de la mort d'Auguste au règne de Vespasien, 14–79 p.C., Mémoires 55, Bordeaux.Google Scholar
Degrassi, A. (ed.) 1963: Inscriptiones Italiae, XIII Fasti et elogia, fasc. 2 Fasti anni Numani et Iuliani, Rome.Google Scholar
Goldberg, S. M. and Manuwald, G. (eds) 2018: Fragmentary Republican Latin I, Loeb Classical Library 294, Cambridge, MA and London.Google Scholar
Hall, J. M. 2014: Artifact and Artifice: Classical Archaeology and the Ancient Historian, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Hölscher, T. 1988, ‘Historische Reliefs’, in Kaiser Augustus und die verlorene Republik, Mainz, 351–400.Google Scholar
Iacopi, I. 1995: ‘Domus: Livia’, in Steinby, E. M. (ed.), Lexicon Topographicum Urbis Romae 2, D–G, Rome, 130–2.Google Scholar
Iacopi, I. 2007: La casa di Augusto: Le pitture, Verona.Google Scholar
Iacopi, I. and Tedone, G. 2006: ‘Bibliotheca e Porticus ad Apollinis’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung 112, 351–78.Google Scholar
Ippoliti, M. 2021: ‘La casa/santuario di Augusto/Apollo e il Lupercale’, in Carandini and Carafa 2021, 167–207.Google Scholar
Keppie, L. 1983: Colonisation and Veteran Settlement in Italy 47–14 B.C., British School at Rome supp. publ., London.Google Scholar
Krause, C. 2002: ‘L'angolo sud-orientale della Domus Tiberiana e il complesso augusteo’, Eutopia 2, 83–97.Google Scholar
Krause, C. 2004: ‘Die Domus Tiberiana – Vom Wohnquartier zum Kaiserpalast’, in Hoffmann, A. and Wulf, U. (eds), Die Kaiserpaläste auf dem Palatin in Rom: Das Zentrum der römischen Welt und seine Bauten, Mainz, 33–58.Google Scholar
Lipps, J. 2020: Review of Wiseman 2019, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2020.09.23, https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.09.23/Google Scholar
Lott, J. B. 2004: The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Panciera, S. 2007: ‘Domus Augustana’, in Leone, A., Palombi, D. and Walker, S. (eds), Res Bene Gestae: Ricerche di storia urbana su Roma antica in onore di Eva Margareta Steinby, Rome, 293–308.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. 2002: ‘Venticinque anni di ricerche sul Palatino: i santuari e il sistema sostruttivo dell'area sud-ovest’, Archeologia classica 53, 65–136.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. 2021a: ‘Casa di Livia’, in Pensabene 2021b, 245–89.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. (ed.) 2021b: Il complesso di Augusto sul Palatino: Nuovi contributi all'interpretazione delle strutture e delle fasi, Studia Archeologica 243, Rome.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. and Gallocchio, E. 2019: ‘La Casa di Augusto dopo Augusto: l'Aedes Caesarum?’, in de Souza and Devillers 2019, 57–73.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. and Gallocchio, E. 2021a: ‘Casa di Augusto e l'aedes Caesarum/aedes Divorum’, in Pensabene 2021b, 199–219.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. and Gallocchio, E. 2021b: ‘Gallerie sui fianchi del podio del tempio’, in Pensabene 2021b, 147–58.Google Scholar
Pensabene, P. and Gallocchio, E. 2021c: ‘Le residenze di Ottaviano’, in Pensabene 2021b, 17–89.Google Scholar
Potter, D. S. and Damon, C. 1999: ‘The Senatus consultum de Cn. Pisone patre’, American Journal of Philology 120, 13–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renier, L. 1870: ‘Les peintures du Palatin, I. – La maison de Livie’, Revue archéologique 21, 326–31.Google Scholar
Rowe, G. 2021: ‘Luctatio civitatis: Augustus’ Res Gestae, Tiberius’ accession and the struggle over Augustus’ legacy’, in Le Doze, P. (ed.), Le costume de prince: Vivre et se conduire en souverain dans la Rome antique d'Auguste à Constantin, Collection de l’École française de Rome 587, Rome, 139–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rüpke, J. 2008: Fasti Sacerdotum: A Prosopography of Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Religious Officials in the City of Rome, 300 BC to AD 499, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sauron, G. and Torrisi, V. 2019: ‘Une nouvelle interpretation des vestiges de la Casa di Livia: oecus corinthius et basilica dans la résidence d'Octavien et Livie sur Palatin’, in de Souza and Devillers 2019, 38–56.Google Scholar
Sear, F. 2006: Roman Theatres: An Architectural Study, Oxford.Google Scholar
Sutherland, C. H. V. 1984: The Roman Imperial Coinage (rev. edn), vol. 1, London.Google Scholar
Syme, R. 1958: ‘Imperator Caesar: a study in nomenclature’, Historia 7, 172–88.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 1998: ‘Cave e cavità sotterranee del monte Palatino’, in Giavarini, C. (ed.), Il Palatino: area sacra sud-ovest e Domus Tiberiana, Studia archeologica 95, Rome, 155–76.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 1999: Scavi francesi sul Palatino: Le indagini di Pietro Rosa per Napoleone III, Roma Antica 5, Rome.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 2000: ‘Le case di Augusto sul Palatino’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung 107, 7–36.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 2004: ‘Die Residenz des ersten Kaisers – Der Palatin in augusteischer Zeit’, in Hoffmann, A. and Wulf, U. (eds), Die Kaiserpaläste auf dem Palatin in Rom: Das Zentrum der römischen Welt und seine Bauten, Mainz, 6–17.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 2014: Augusto sul Palatino: Gli scavi di Gianfilippo Carettoni, appunti inediti (1955–1984), Milan.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. 2019: ‘La residenza imperiale sul Palatino da Augusto a Nerone: Indagini recenti e nuove ipotesi’, in de Souza and Devillers 2019, 13–24.Google Scholar
Tomei, M. A. and Filetici, M. G. (eds) 2011: Domus tiberiana: scavi e restauri 1990–2011, Milan.Google Scholar
Valentini, R. and Zucchetti, G. (eds) 1940: Codice topografico della città di Roma, vol. 1, Rome.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2008: Unwritten Rome, Exeter.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2009: ‘The House of Augustus and the Lupercal’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 22, 527–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2013a: The Death of Caligula: Josephus Ant. Iud. XIX 1–273, Translation and Commentary, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2013b: ‘The Palatine, from Evander to Elagabalus’, Journal of Roman Studies 103, 234–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2015: ‘Rome on the balance: Varro and the foundation legend’, in Butterfield, D. J. (ed.), Varro Varius: The Polymath of the Roman World, Cambridge Classical Journal Supplement 39, Cambridge, 93–122.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2017: ‘Iuppiter Stator in Palatio: a new solution to an old puzzle’, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung 123, 13–45.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2019: The House of Augustus: A Historical Detective Story, Princeton, NJ.Google Scholar
Wiseman, T. P. 2022: ‘Palace-sanctuary or pavilion? Augustus’ house and the limits of archaeology’, Papers of the British School at Rome 90, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068246221000295CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zink, S. 2008: ‘Reconstructing the Palatine temple of Apollo: A case study in early Augustan temple design’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 21, 47–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zink, S. 2012: ‘Old and new archaeological evidence for the plan of the Palatine temple of Apollo’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 25, 388–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar