Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:21:24.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Moving in, managing up: executive job formation and political behaviour

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2013

Manuel P. Teodoro*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University, USA E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Public agency executive jobs are temporary matches of individual bureaucrats with government employers. Together, the buyers and sellers of executive labour form jobs in ways that define critical links in the policy process: the relationships between agency administrators and their elected officials. This article argues that when the executive is hired from outside, the job typically carries a mandate for significantly greater engagement with elected officials than when the executive is promoted from within an agency. Analysis of three very different types of agencies demonstrates that individuals who were hired from outside interact with their elected officials more frequently than do those who were promoted from within. These results shed new light on bureaucratic executives’ roles in the policy process, their relationships with the governments that they serve, and the theoretical significance of bureaucratic jobs as units of analysis in public policy studies.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Aberbach, J. D., Putnam, R. D.Rockman, B. A. (1981) Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agranoff, R.McGuire, M. (2003) Collaborative Public Management. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Boeker, W.Goodstein, J. (1993) Performance and Successor Choice: The Moderating Effects of Governance and Ownership. Academy of Management Journal 36(1): 172186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A. O'M.Parsons, B. M. (2009a) Vulnerability and Resilience in Local Government: Assessing the Strength of Performance Regimes. State and Local Government Review 41(1): 1324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowman, A. O'M.Parsons, B. M. (2009b) Outside the Organizational Box: Local Emergency Managers and Performance Regimes, paper presented at the 10th Public Management Research Conference of the Public Management Research Association, Columbus, OH.Google Scholar
Boyne, G. A.Dahya, J. (2002) Executive Succession and the Performance of Public Organizations. Public Administration 80(1): 179200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyne, G. A.Meier, K. J. (2009) Environmental Change, Human Resources and Organizational Turnaround. Journal of Management Studies 46(5): 835863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyne, G. A., James, O., John, P.Petrovsky, N. (2011) Top Management Turnover and Organizational Performance: A Test of a Contingency Model. Public Administration Review 71(4): 572581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyne, G. A., James, O., John, P.Petrovsky, N. (2010) Does Political Change Affect Senior Management Turnover? An Empirical Analysis of Top-Tier Local Authorities in England. Public Administration 88(1): 136153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, R. O. (1961) Succession and Performance Among School Superintendents. Administrative Science Quarterly 6(2): 210227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, D. P. (2001) The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dewatripont, M., Jewitt, I.Tirole, J. (1999a) The Economics of Career Concerns, Part I: Comparing Information Structures. Review of Economic Studies 66(1): 183198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewatripont, M., Jewitt, I.Tirole, J. (1999b) The Economics of Career Concerns, Part II: Application to Missions and Accountability of Government Agencies. Review of Economic Studies 66(1): 199217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiMaggio, P. J.Powell, W. W. (1983) The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields. American Sociological Review 48(2): 147160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dziegielewski, B.Opitz, E. (2004) Water Demand Analysis. In Mays L. W. (ed.) Urban Water Supply Management Tools. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1.11.37.Google Scholar
Fox, R. L.Schuhmann, R. A. (1999) Gender and Local Government: A Comparison of Women and Men City Managers. Public Administration Review 59(3): 231242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gailmard, S.Patty, J. W. (2007) Slackers and Zealots: Civil Service, Policy Discretion, and Bureaucratic Expertise. American Journal of Political Science 51(4): 873889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hambrick, D. C.Mason, P. A. (1984) Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers. Academy of Management Review 8(2): 193206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamidullah, M., Wilkins, V. M.Meier, K. J. (2009) Looking for their Dick Vermeil: How Prior Performance Influences the Selection Decision. Public Organization Review 9(1): 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, F., Maranto, R.Milliman, S. (2001) Small Districts in Big Trouble: How Four Arizona School Systems Responded to Charter Competition. Teachers College Record 105(6): 11021124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herranz, J. Jr. (2008) The Multisectoral Trilemma of Network Management. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 18(1): 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicklin, A., O'Toole, L. J.Meier, K. J. (2008) Serpents in the Sand: Managerial Networking and Nonlinear Influences on Organizational Performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 18(2): 253273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, G. C. (2005) The Effects of Managerial Succession on Organizational Performance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 15(4): 585597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, W. S., Palus, C. K.Bowling, C. J. (2010) A Woman's Touch? Gendered Management and Performance in State Administration. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20(2): 477504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, H. (1960) The Forest Ranger: A Study in Administrative Behavior. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
LeRoux, K.Pandey, S. K. (2011) City Managers, Career Incentives, and Municipal Service Decisions: The Effects of Managerial Progressive Ambition on Interlocal Service Delivery. Public Administration Review 71(4): 627636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maranto, R.Milliman, S. (2009) A Preliminary Analysis of Charter Schools and District Superintendent Turnover in Arizona: Politics, Market Forces, and Leadership. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation 4(4): 17.Google Scholar
March, J. C.March, J. G. (1977) Almost Random Careers: The Wisconsin School Superintendency 1940–1972. Administrative Science Quarterly 22(3): 377409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCabe, B. C., Feiock, R. C., Clingermayer, J. C.Stream, C. (2008) Turnover Among City Managers: The Role of Political and Economic Change. Public Administration Review 68(2): 380386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, M. (2002) Managing Networks: Propositions on What Managers Do and Why They Do It. Public Administration Review 62(5): 599609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, M.Silva, C. (2010) The Effect of Problem Severity, Managerial and Organizational Capacity, and Agency Structure on Intergovernmental Collaboration: Evidence from Local Emergency Management. Public Administration Review 70(2): 279288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, M.Silva, C. (2009) Does Leadership in Networks Matter? Examining the Effect of Leadership Behaviors on Managers’ Perceptions of Network Effectiveness. Public Performance and Management Review 33(1): 3462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2001) Managerial Strategies and Behavior in Networks: A Model with Evidence from U.S. Public Education. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 11(3): 271293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2003) Public Management and Educational Performance. Public Administration Review 63(6): 689699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2007) 2007 Texas School Superintendent Survey. College Station, TX: Project for Equity, Representation and Governance.Google Scholar
Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2008) Management Theory and Occam's Razor: How Public Organizations Buffer the Environment. Administration & Society 39(8): 931958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2010) Beware of Managers Not Bearing Gifts: How Management Capacity Augments the Impact of Managerial Networking. Public Administration 88(4): 10251044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J., O'Toole, L. J., Boyne, G. A.Walker, R. M. (2007) Strategic Management and the Performance of Public Organizations: Testing Venerable Ideas against Recent Theories. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 17(3): 357377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meier, K. J., O'Toole, L. J.Goerdel, H. T. (2006) Management Activity and Program Performance: Gender as Management Capital. Public Administration Review 66(1): 2436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, M. H. (1995) Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, D. R.Watson, S. S. (1992) Policy Leadership in Council-Manager Cities: Comparing Mayor and Manager. Public Administration Review 52(5): 438446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newell, C.Ammons, D. N. (1987) Role Emphases of City Managers and Other Municipal Executives. Public Administration Review 47(3): 246253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson-Crotty, S.O'Toole, L. J. (2004) Public Management and Organizational Performance: The Case of Law Enforcement Agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14(1): 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niskanen, W. (1971) Bureaucracy and Representative Government. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.Google Scholar
O'Toole, L. J.Meier, K. J. (1999) Modeling the Impact of Public Management: Implications of Structural Context. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 9(4): 505526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Toole, L. J., Meier, K. J.Nicholson-Crotty, S. (2005) Managing Upward, Downward, and Outward. Public Management Review 7(1): 4568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabe, B. G. (2004) Statehouse and Greenhouse. Washington, DC: Brookings.Google Scholar
Reynolds, H. W. (1965) The Career Public Service and Statute Lawmaking in Los Angeles. Western Political Quarterly 18(3): 621639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, C., Langley, A., Beland, F.Denis, J. (2007) Governance, Power, and Mandated Collaboration in an Interorganizational Framework. Administration & Society 39(2): 150193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schall, E. (1997) Public Sector Succession: A Strategic Approach to Sustaining Innovation. Public Administration Review 57(1): 410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, M., Teske, P.Mintrom, M. (1995) Public Entrepreneurs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simo, G.Bies, A. L. (2007) The Role of Nonprofits in Disaster Response: An Expanded Model of Cross-Sector Collaboration. Public Administration Review 67(Special Issue): 125142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. R. (2009) Institutional Determinants of Collaboration: An Empirical Study of County Open-Space Protection. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19(1): 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teske, P.Schneider, M. (1994) The Bureaucratic Entrepreneur: The Case of City Managers. Public Administration Review 54(4): 331340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teodoro, M. P. (2011) Bureaucratic Ambition: Careers, Motives, and the Innovative Administrator. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teodoro, M. P. (2009) Bureaucratic Job Mobility and the Diffusion of Innovations. American Journal of Political Science 53(1): 175189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villadsen, A. R. (2012) New Executives from Inside or Outside? The Effect of Executive Replacement on Organizational Change. Public Administration Review 72(5): 731740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, R. M., Andrews, R., Boyne, G. A., Meier, K. J.O'Toole, L. J. (2010) Wakeup Call: Strategic Management, Network Alarms, and Performance. Public Administration Review 70(5): 731741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waugh, W. L.Streib, G. (2006) Collaboration and Leadership in Effective Emergency Management. Public Administration Review 66(Special Issue): 131140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willmott, C. J.Feddema, J. J. (1992) A More Rational Climatic Moisture Index. Professional Geographer 44(1): 8487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J. Q. (1989) Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Winter, D. G. (1996) Personality: Analysis and Interpretation of Lives. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Wirt, F. (1985) The Dependent City? External Influences upon Local Control. Journal of Politics 47(1): 83112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.Feiock, R. C. (2009) City Managers’ Policy Leadership in Council-Manager Cities. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 20(2): 461476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y.Rajagopalan, N. (2004) When the Known Devil is Better than the Unknown God: An Empirical Study of the Antecedents and Consequences of Relay CEO Successions. Academy of Management Journal 47(4): 483500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Appendix references

Brunner, G. A.Carroll, S. J. Jr. (1969) Weekday Evening Interviews of Employed Persons Are Better. Public Opinion Quarterly 33(2): 265267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, R. J., Crask, M. R.Kim, J. (1988) Mail Survey Response Rate: A Meta-Analysis of Selected Techniques for Inducing Response. Public Opinion Quarterly 52(4): 467491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E.Tourangeau, R. (2004) Survey Methodology. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Traugott, M. W., Groves, R. M.Lepkowski, J. M. (1987) Using Dual Frame Designs to Reduce Nonresponse in Telephone Surveys. Public Opinion Quarterly 51(4): 522539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar