Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T22:43:03.436Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Foreign Policy: Ideological and Human Rights Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2011

Mark P. Gibney
Mark P. Gibney
Affiliation:
Purdue University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The Berlin Wall is down; the Cold War is finally over. With the stunning victory by the United Nations forces in the Persian Gulf, President George Bush has proclaimed a “new world order.” Bush provides this description of the old world: “Until now, the world we've known has been a world divided—a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict and cold war.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Policy History , Volume 4 , Special Issue 1: Refugees and the Asylum Dilemma in the West , January 1992 , pp. 36 - 53
Copyright
Copyright © The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Bush, George, “Address to Congress on End of Gulf War,” New York Times, 7 March 1991.Google Scholar

2. Ibid.

3. Sivard, Ruth Leger, World Military and Social Expenditures (Washington, D.C., 1989), 11.Google Scholar

4. Zolberg, Aristide, Suhrke, Astri, and Aguayo, Sergio, Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World (New York, 1989).Google Scholar

5. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Refugees (December 1990).

6. Zolberg, Aristide, “The New Waves: Migration Theory for a Changing World,” International Migration Review 23 (1989): 403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

7. Loescher, Gil, “Introduction,” in Loescher, Gil and Monahan, Laila, eds., Refugees and International Relations (New York, 1989)Google Scholar; Zolberg et al., Escape From Violence.

8. Loescher, Gil and Scanlan, John, Calculated Kindness: Refugees and America's Half-Open Door, 1945 to the Present (New York, 1986)Google Scholar; Zucker, Norm and Zucker, Naomi Flink, The Guarded Gate: The Reality of American Refugee Policy (New York, 1987).Google Scholar

9. Teitelbaum, Michael, “Immigration, Refugees and Foreign Policy,” International Organizations 38 (1984): 429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

10. Binh Le and Mark Gibney, “U.S. Foreign Policy and Vietnamese Refugee Flows,” International Third World Studies Journal & Review (forthcoming).

11. Kattenburg, Paul, “Living with Hanoi,” Foreign Policy (Winter 1983/1984): 131.Google Scholar

12. Friedman, Thomas, “U.S. Shifts Cambodia Policy; Ends Recognition of Rebels; Agrees to Talks with Hanoi,” New York Times, 19 July 1990.Google Scholar

13. Erlanger, Steven, “No Haven from Agony for Cambodians,” New York Times, 2 May 1991.Google Scholar

14. Sutter, Valerie O'Connor, The Indochinese Refugee Dilemma (Baton Rouge, 1990), 224.Google Scholar

15. Anderson, Terry H., “The Light at the End of the Tunnel: The United States and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,” Diplomatic History 12 (1984): 457.Google Scholar

16. Stern, Paula, Water's Edge: Domestic Politics and the Making of American Foreign Policy (New York, 1979).Google Scholar

17. Salitan, Laurie, “Domestic Pressures and the Politics of Exit: Trends in Soviet Emigration Policy,” Political Science Quarterly 104 (1989–1990): 671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

18. Pear, Robert, “U.S. Drafts Plans to Curb Admission of Soviet Jews,” New York Times, 3 September 1990.Google Scholar

19. Goldberg, Carey, “Tidal Wave of Emigration Carries Off Soviet ‘Brains,’” Los Angeles Times, 8 October 1990.Google Scholar

20. Leon Aron, “The Russians Are Coming,” Washington Post, 27 January 1991.

21. Gibney, Mark, “A ‘Well-Founded Fear’ of Persecution,” Human Rights Quarterly 10 (1988): 109CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gibney, Mark and Stohl, Michael, “Human Rights and U.S. Refugee Policy,” in Gibney, Mark, ed., Open Borders? Closed Societies?: The Ethical and Political Issues (Westport, Conn., 1988).Google Scholar

22. Zolberg et al., Escape From Violence, 264.

23. World Bank, “Poverty: World Development Indicators” (New York, 1990).Google Scholar

24. Manz, Beatriz, Refugees of a Hidden War: The Aftermath of Counterinsurgency in Guatemala (Albany, N.Y., 1988).Google Scholar

25. Schoultz, Lars, National Security and the United States Policy Toward Latin America (Princeton, 1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

26. Gruson, Linda, “Remembering a Tortured Child Who Lived in the Streets of Guatemala City,” New York Times, 14 October 1990.Google Scholar

27. Schoultz, National Security and the United States Policy Toward Latin America, 270.

28. Ibid., 38.

29. Hamilton, Nora and Chinchilla, Norma Stolz, “Central American Migration: A Framework for Analysis,” Latin American Research Review 26 (1991): 106.Google Scholar

30. Schoultz, National Security and the United States Policy Toward Latin America, 228–29.

31. Schultheis, Michael, “Refugees in Africa: The Geopolitics of Forced Displacement,” African Studies Review 32 (1989): 4CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Laidi, Zaki, The Superpowers in Africa: The Constraints of a Rivalry, 1960–1990 (Chicago, 1990).Google Scholar

32. Schultheis, “Refugees in Africa,” 5.

33. Ibid.

34. Somerville, Keith, Foreign Military Intervention in Africa (New York, 1990).Google Scholar

35. Hanlon, Joseph, Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa (London, 1986)Google Scholar; Johnson, Phyllis and Martin, David, ed., Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War (Harare, 1986).Google Scholar

36. Patman, Robert, The Soviet Union in the Horn of Africa: The Diplomacy of Intervention and Disengagement (Cambridge, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

37. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1990.

38. Riding, Alan, “Angola in Accord With Guerrillas on a Cease-Fire,” New York Times, 1 May 1991.Google Scholar

39. Perlez, Jane, “Two Months After Ousting Despot, Somalia Faces Life as an Abandoned Pawn,” New York Times, 4 April 1991.Google Scholar

40. Schultheis, “Refugees in Africa,” 11.

41. World Bank, “Poverty: World Development Indicators,” 5.

42. Rubin, Barnett R., “The Fragmentation of Afghanistan,” Foreign Affairs (Winter 1989): 150.Google Scholar

43. Burns, John F., “Afghans: Now They Blame America,” New York Times Magazine, 4 February 1990.Google Scholar

44. Sciolino, Elaine, “U.S. May be Ready to End Assistance to Afghan Rebels,” New York Times, 12 May 1991.Google Scholar

45. United Nations, “Report on Need for Humanitarian Assistance in Iraq” [excerpts in New York Times, 23 March 1991].

46. Haberman, Clyde, “The Plight of the Kurds Worsens as Relief Efforts Still Fall Short,” New York Times, 16 April 1991.Google Scholar

47. Brilmayer, Lea, Justifying International Acts (Ithaca, N.Y., 1989).Google Scholar

48. Fulbright, William, The Arrogance of Power (New York, 1966), 165.Google Scholar

49. Gibney, Mark, “Human Rights and Human Consequences: A Critical Examination of Sanchez-Espinoza v. Reagan,” Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 10 (1988): 299Google Scholar; Gibney, Mark, ed., World Justice.’ U.S. Courts and International Human Rights (Boulder, Colo., 1991).Google Scholar

50. Holmes, Robert, On Law and Morality (Princeton, 1989), 291.Google Scholar

51. Bohlen, Celestine, “Hungarians Debate How Far Back to Go to Right Old Wrongs,” New York Times, 15 April 1990.Google Scholar

52. Guest, Iain, Behind the Disappearances: Argentina's Dirty War Against Human Rights and the United Nations (Philadelphia, 1990)Google Scholar; Weschler, Lawrence, A Miracle, A Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers (New York, 1990).Google Scholar

53. Schoultz, National Security and the United States Policy Toward Latin America.

54. Lane, Charles, “Arms for Sale,” Newsweek, 8 April 1991.Google Scholar

55. Jonas Widgren, “Europe and International Migration in the Future: The Necessity of Merging Migration, Refugee, and Development Policies,” in Loescher and Monahan, ed., 58.

56. Lappe, Frances Moore, Schurman, Rachel, and Danaher, Kevin, Betraying the National Interest (New York, 1987), 9.Google Scholar

57. Shue, Henry, Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton, 1980).Google Scholar

58. Zolberg et al., Escape From Violence, 262.

59. Gervase Coles, “Approaching the Refugee Problem Today,” in Loescher and Monahan, ed.; Hathaway, James, “A Reconsideration of the Underlying Premise of Refugee Law,” Harvard International Law Journal 31 (1990): 129.Google Scholar