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A Federal Army, Not a Federalist One: Regime Building in the Jeffersonian Era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2014

William D. Adler
Affiliation:
Northeastern Illinois University Graduate Center, City University of New York
Jonathan Keller
Affiliation:
Northeastern Illinois University Graduate Center, City University of New York

Abstract

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Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Donald Critchlow and Cambridge University Press 2014 

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References

NOTES

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4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

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36. Ibid., 589–90; Kohn, Eagle and Sword, 222.

37. Elkins and McKitrick, The Age of Federalism, 595.

38. Kohn, Eagle and Sword, 230–38.

39. Ibid., 223.

40. Elkins and McKitrick, The Age of Federalism, 590–93. For more on the Alien and Sedition Acts, see Stone, Geoffrey R., Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism (New York, 2004).Google Scholar

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45. On the election of 1800, see John Ferling, Adams vs. Jefferson: The Tumultuous Election of 1800 (New York, 2004).

46. Polsky, “Partisan Regimes in American Politics.”

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52. First Annual Message to Congress, in The Papers of Thomas Jefferson Digital Edition, ed. Barbara B. Oberg and J. Jefferson Looney (Charlottesville, 2008). Accessed at http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/TSJN-01-36-02-0034-0003.

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59. Cunningham suggests that most Republicans quietly recognized the pressures Jefferson faced, but urged that moderation be exercised in removing Federalists in other states, while pushing for widespread removal in their own states. Cunningham, The Process of Government Under Jefferson, 166–67.

60. Thomas Jefferson to Albert Gallatin, 14 August 1801, in The Papers of Thomas Jefferson Digital Edition. Accessed at http://rotunda.upress.virginia.edu/founders/TSJN-01-35-02-0060.

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63. Quoted in Carl Russell Fish, The Civil Service and the Patronage (Cambridge, Mass., 1904), 30.

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65. For example, see White, The Jeffersonians.

66. Crackel, Mr. Jefferson’s Army.

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71. Henry Dearborn to Brigadier General James Wilkinson, 12 May 1801, in National Archives, Records of the Office of the Secretary of War (RG 107), Letters Sent by the Secretary of War Relating to Military Affairs, 1800–1889.

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73. For examples, see Angevine, Robert G., The Railroad and the State: War, Politics, and Technology in Nineteenth-Century America (Stanford, 2004)Google Scholar; Hill, Forest G., Roads, Rails, and Waterways: The Army Engineers and Early Transportation (Norman, Okla., 1957)Google Scholar; Prucha, Francis Paul, Broadax and Bayonet: The Role of the United States Army in the Development of the Northwest, 1815–1860 (Lincoln, 1953)Google Scholar; Shallat, Todd, Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Austin, 1994).Google Scholar

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75. Ibid., 60–61.

76. Ibid., 71–73.

77. Ibid.

78. Miscellaneous Letters, in National Archives, Records of the Office of the Secretary of War (RG 107), Letters Sent to the President by the Secretary of War, 1800–1863.

79. Crackel, Mr. Jefferson’s Army, 183.

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81. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 663–64.

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91. Skelton, An American Profession of Arms, 117–28; C. Edward Skeen, “Calhoun, Crawford, and the Politics of Retrenchment,” South Carolina Historical Magazine 73 (July 1972): 141–55.

92. Skeen, “Calhoun, Crawford, and the Politics of Retrenchment”; Skelton, An American Profession of Arms, 126–28.

93. Skeen, “Calhoun, Crawford, and the Politics of Retrenchment,” 155.

94. Watson, “Professionalism, Social Attitudes, and Civil-Military Accountability,” 920–27; Howe, What Hath God Wrought, chap. 3.