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E×B guiding-centre motion in three electrostatic waves: statistics of separatrix crossings
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 June 1998
Abstract
E×B guiding-centre (GC) motion in a special configuration of three low-frequency electrostatic waves can be considered as a paradigmatic Hamiltonian system for studying adiabatic motion and separatrix crossings. A peculiarity of this system is that a single initial condition gives rise to two stroboscopic phase-space trajectories. According to the classical Hamiltonian theory, the proportion of points on the stroboscopic trajectories is a function of the time evolution of the surfaces enclosed by the separatrices in the phase space. This behaviour is qualitatively observed in test-particle numerical experiments. The ability of numerical integration methods like the ‘classical’ fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme or a third-order symplectic integrator to reproduce the statistics is analysed.
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- © 1998 Cambridge University Press