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The structure of 3-D collisional magnetized bow shocks in pulsed-power-driven plasma flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2022

R. Datta Open the ORCID record for R. Datta [Opens in a new window] ,
D.R. Russell ,
I. Tang ,
T. Clayson ,
L.G. Suttle ,
J.P. Chittenden ,
S.V. Lebedev  and
J.D. Hare Open the ORCID record for J.D. Hare [Opens in a new window]
R. Datta
Affiliation:
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
D.R. Russell
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
I. Tang
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
T. Clayson
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
L.G. Suttle
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
J.P. Chittenden
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
S.V. Lebedev
Affiliation:
Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK
J.D. Hare*
Affiliation:
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We investigate three-dimensional (3-D) bow shocks in a highly collisional magnetized aluminium plasma, generated during the ablation phase of an exploding wire array on the MAGPIE facility (1.4 MA, 240 ns). Ablation of plasma from the wire array generates radially diverging, supersonic ($M_S \sim 7$), super-Alfvénic ($M_A > 1$) magnetized flows with frozen-in magnetic flux ($R_M \gg 1$). These flows collide with an inductive probe placed in the flow, which serves both as the obstacle that generates the magnetized bow shock, and as a diagnostic of the advected magnetic field. Laser interferometry along two orthogonal lines of sight is used to measure the line-integrated electron density. A detached bow shock forms ahead of the probe, with a larger opening angle in the plane parallel to the magnetic field than in the plane normal to it. Since the resistive diffusion length of the plasma is comparable to the probe size, the magnetic field decouples from the ion fluid at the shock front and generates a hydrodynamic shock, whose structure is determined by the sonic Mach number, rather than the magnetosonic Mach number of the flow. The 3-D simulations performed using the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code Gorgon confirm this picture, but under-predict the anisotropy observed in the shape of the experimental bow shock, suggesting that non-MHD mechanisms may be important for modifying the shock structure.

Keywords

astrophysical plasmasplasma nonlinear phenomenaplasma simulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Plasma Physics , Volume 88 , Issue 6 , December 2022 , 905880604
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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