Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T02:15:04.387Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Reimagining full wave rf quasilinear theory in a tokamak

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2021

Peter J. Catto*
Affiliation:
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
Elizabeth A. Tolman
Affiliation:
Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139, USA Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ08540, USA
*
 Email address for correspondence: [email protected]

Abstract

The velocity dependent resonant interaction of particles with applied radiofrequency (rf) waves during heating and current drive in the presence of pitch angle scattering collisions gives rise to narrow collisional velocity space boundary layers that dramatically enhance the role of collisions as recently shown by Catto (J. Plasma Phys., vol. 86, 2020, 815860302). The behaviour is a generalization of the narrow collisional boundary layer that forms during Landau damping as found by Johnston (Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 1971, pp. 2719–2726) and Auerbach (Phys. Fluids, vol. 20, 1977, pp. 1836–1844). For a wave of parallel wave number ${k_{||}}$ interacting with weakly collisional plasma species of collision frequency $\nu$ and thermal speed ${v_{\textrm{th}}}$, the effective collision frequency becomes of order $\nu {({k_{||}}{v_{th}}/\nu )^{2/3}} \gg \nu $. The narrow boundary layers that arise because of the diffusive nature of the collisions allow a physically meaningful wave–particle interaction time to be defined that is the inverse of this effective collision frequency. The collisionality implied by the narrow boundary layer results in changes in the standard quasilinear treatment of applied rf fields in tokamaks while remaining consistent with causality. These changes occur because successive poloidal interactions with the rf are correlated in tokamak geometry and because the resonant velocity space dependent interactions are controlled by the spatial and temporal behaviour of the perturbed full wave fields rather than just the spatially local Landau and Doppler shifted cyclotron wave–particle resonance condition associated with unperturbed motion of the particles. The correlation of successive poloidal circuits of the tokamak leads to the appearance in the quasilinear operator of transit averaged resonance conditions localized in velocity space boundary layers that maintain negative definite entropy production.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Auerbach, S. P. 1977 Collisional damping of Langmuir waves in the collisionless limit. Phys. Fluids 20, 18361844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becoulet, A., Gambier, D. J. & Samain, A. 1991 Hamiltonian theory of the ion cyclotron minority heating dynamics in tokamak plasmas. Phys. Fluids B 3, 137150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belikov, V. S. & Kolesnichenko, Y. I. 1982 Derivation of the quasilinear theory equations for the axisymmetric toroidal systems. Plasma Phys. 24, 6172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belikov, V. S. & Kolesnichenko, Y. I. 1994 Quasilinear theory for a tokamak plasma in the presence of cyclotron resonance. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 36, 17031718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, I. B. & Baxter, D. C. 1981 Relativistic theory of electron cyclotron resonance heating. Phys. Fluids 24, 108126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, L. A., Jaeger, E. F., Phillips, C. K., Lau, C. H., Bertelli, N. & Green, D. L. 2016 A generalized plasma dispersion function for electron damping in tokamak plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 23, 102504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brambilla, M. 1994 A note on the toroidal plasma dispersion function. Phys. Lett. A 188, 376383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brambilla, M. 1999 Numerical simulation of ion cyclotron waves in tokamak plasmas. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catto, P. J. 1978 Linearized gyrokinetics. Plasma Phys. 20, 719722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catto, P. J. 2018 Symmetric spectrum current drive due to finite radial drift effects. J. Plasma Phys. 84, 905840602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catto, P. J. 2020 Collisional effects on resonant particles in quasilinear theory. J. Plasma Phys. 86, 815860302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catto, P. J., Lee, J. P. & Ram, A. K. 2017 A quasilinear operator retaining magnetic drift effects in tokamak geometry. J. Plasma Phys. 83, 905830611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catto, P. J. & Myra, J. R. 1992 A quasilinear description for fast wave minority heating permitting off magnetic axis heating in a tokamak. Phys. Fluids B 4, 187199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeger, E. F., Harvey, R. W., Berry, L. A., Myra, J. R., Dumont, R. J., Phillips, C. K., Smithe, D. N., Barret, R. F., Batchelor, D. B., Bonoli, P. T., et al. 2006 Global-wave solutions with self-consistent velocity distributions in ion cyclotron heated plasmas. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, S397S408.Google Scholar
Johnston, G. L. 1971 Dominant effects of Coulomb collisions on maintenance of Landau damping. Phys. Fluids 14, 27192726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagan, G. & Catto, P. J. 2008 Arbitrary poloidal gyroradius effects in tokamak pedestals and transport barriers. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50, 085010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennel, C. F. & Engelmann, F. 1966 Velocity space diffusion from weak plasma turbulence in a magnetic field. Phys. Fluids 9, 23772388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helander, P. & Lisak, M. 1992 The stochastic nature of ion-cyclotron-resonance wave–particle interaction in tokamaks. Phys. Fluids B 4, 19271934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, X. S., Myra, J. R. & Catto, P. J. 1983 General frequency gyrokinetics. Phys. Fluids 26, 223229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, J.-P., Smithe, D., Wright, J. & Bonoli, P. 2018 A positive-definite form of bounce-averaged quasilinear velocity diffusion for the parallel inhomogeneity in a tokamak. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 60, 025007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parra, F. I. & Catto, P. J. 2008 Limitations of gyrokinetics on transport time scales. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50, 065014.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stix, T. H. 1975 Fast-wave heating of a two component plasma. Nucl. Fusion 15, 737754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, C. H. & Oberman, C. 1968 Collisional damping of a plasma echo. Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 427429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolman, E. A. & Catto, P. J. 2020 Drift kinetic theory of alpha transport by tokamak perturbations. J. Plasma Phys. 87, 855870201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar