Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:48:06.343Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Possible reason of ionospheric anomaly post the April 20, 2013, Mw = 6.6 China' Lushan earthquake: Applying two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) to two-dimensional total electron content (TEC)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2014

Jyh-Woei Lin
Jyh-Woei Lin*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, Taiwan
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this study, two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) was used to determine the reason for the ionospheric two-dimensional total electron content (TEC) anomaly after China's Lushan earthquake at 00:02:47 UT on April 20, 2013 (Mw = 6.6). TEC data from 00:00 to 00:15 (UT) on April 20, 2013 were examined. The TEC anomaly was very intense 00:05 to 00:10 (UT) after the earthquake. One potential cause of the TEC anomaly, which might have been a density variance, is a rising acoustic shock wave, with speed of at least 1127.82, ms−1, resulting from the mainshock. The duration of the TEC anomaly was at least 5 min.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Plasma Physics , Volume 80 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 437 - 446
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Afraimovich, E. L., Perevalova, N. P., Plotnikov, A. V. and Uralov, A. M. 2001 The shock-acoustic waves generated by earthquakes. Ann. Geophys. 19, 395–409.Google Scholar
Artru, J. and Lognonné, P. 2001 Normal modeling of post-seismic ionospheric oscillations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (4), 697–700.Google Scholar
Contadakis, M. E., Arabelos, D. N., Pikridas, C. and Spatalas, S. D. 2012 Total electron content variations over southern Europe before and during the M 6.3 Abruzzo earthquake of April 6, 2009. Ann. Geophys. 55 (1), doi: 10.4401/ag-5322.Google Scholar
Elsner, J. B. and Kavlakov, S. P. 2001 Hurricane intensity changes associated with geomagnetic variation. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2, 83–93.Google Scholar
Freund, F. 2000 Time-resolved study of charge generation and propagation in igneous rocks. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 11001–019.Google Scholar
Freund, F. T. 2003 Rocks that crackle and sparkle and glow strange pre-earthquake phenomena. J. Sci. Explor. 17 (1), 37–71.Google Scholar
Garcia, R., Crespon, F., Ducic, V. and Lognonné, P. 2005 Three-dimensional ionospheric tomography of post-seismic perturbations produced by the Denali earthquake from GPS data. Geophys. J. Int. 163, 1049–1064.Google Scholar
Hernández-Pajares, M., Juan, J. M., Sanz, J., Orus, R., Garcia-Rigo, A., Feltens, J., Komjathy, A., Schaer, S. C. and Krankowski, A. 2009 The IGS VTEC maps: a reliable source of ionospheric information since 1998. J Geod. 83, 263–275, doi: 10.1007/s00190-008-0266-1.Google Scholar
Jin, S., Zhu, W. and Afraimovich, E. 2010 Co-seismic ionospheric and deformation signals on the 2008 magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake from GPS observations. Int. J. Remote Sens. 31 (13), 3535–3543.Google Scholar
Kechine, M. O., Tiberius, C. C. J. M. and van der Marel, H. 2004 Real-time kinematic positioning with NASA's global differential GPS system. Paper presented at the GNSS Conference, St. Petersburg, Russia, May 2004.Google Scholar
Kong, H., Wang, L., Teoh, E. K., Li, X., Wang, J. G. and Venkateswarlu, R. 2005 Generalized 2D principal component analysis for face image representation and recognition. Neural Netw. 18, 585–594.Google Scholar
Lin, J. W. 2010 Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies associated with earthquakes through Karhunen-Loéve Transform (KLT). Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 21, 253–265.Google Scholar
Lin, J. W. 2011 Use of principal component analysis in the identification of the spatial pattern of an ionospheric total electron content anomalies after China's May 12, 2008, M = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Adv. Space Res. 47, 1983–1989, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2011.01.013.Google Scholar
Liu, J. Y., Chen, C. H., Lin, C. H., Tsai, H. F., Chen, C. H. and Kamogawa, M. 2011 Ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 116, A06319, doi: 10.1029/2011JA016761.Google Scholar
Lognonné, P., Artru, J., Garcia, R., Crespon, F., Ducic, V., Jeansou, E., Occhipinti, G., Helbert, J., Moreaux, G. and Godet, P. E. 2006 Ground-based GPS imaging of ionospheric post-seismic signal. Planet. Space Sci. 54, 528–540.Google Scholar
Molchanov, O. A. and Hayakawa, M. 1998 Subionospheric VLF signal perturbations possibly related to earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 103 (8), 17489–504.Google Scholar
Ouyang, G., Wang, J., Wang, J. and Cole, D. 2008 Analysis on temporal-spatial variations of Australian TEC. Int. Assoc. Geod. Symp. 133 (4), 751–758, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-85426-5_86.Google Scholar
Pulinets, S. and Boyarchuk, K. 2004 Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Pulinets, S. A. and Legen'ka, A. D. 2003 Spatial-temporal characteristics of the large scale disturbances of electron concentration observed in the F-region of the ionosphere before strong earthquakes. Cosmic Res. 41, 221–229.Google Scholar
Sanguansat, P. 2012 Principal Component Analysis. Rijeka: InTech.Google Scholar
Yang, J., Zhang, D., Frangi, A. F. and Yang, J. Y. 2004 Two-dimensional PCA: a new approach to appearance-based face representation and recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26 (1), 131–137.Google Scholar