Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T15:15:52.382Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

West coast North America record of the Paleogene marine stromboid gastropod Rimella and paleobiogeography of the genus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Richard L. Squires
Richard L. Squires*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge, California 91330-8266, USA and Research Associate, Invertebrate Paleontology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, 90007 USA,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The west coast of North America record of the shallow-marine stromboid gastropod genus Rimella Agassiz, 1841 is restudied for the first time in 90 years. This genus comprises a small group of Paleogene gastropods characterized by having an ornamented fusiform shell, a posterior canal ascending the spire, and simple (non-flared) outer lip. Rimella, whose familial ranking has been inconsistent, is placed here in family Rostellariidae Gabb, 1868, subfamily Rimellinae Stewart, 1927. Ectinochilus Cossmann, 1889; Macilentos Clark and Palmer, 1923; Vaderos Clark and Palmer, 1923; and Cowlitzia Clark and Palmer, 1923 are recognized here as junior synonyms of Rimella. Four species are recognized from the west coast of North America: early to middle Eocene Rimella macilenta White, 1889; early Eocene Rimella oregonensis Turner, 1938; middle to late Eocene Rimella supraplicata (Gabb, 1864) new combination, of which Rostellaria canalifer Gabb, 1864, Cowlitizia washingtonensis Clark and Palmer, 1923, and Cowlitzia problematica Hanna, 1927 are recognized here as junior synonyms; and late Eocene Rimella elongata Weaver, 1912.

Rimella was a warm-water gastropod whose earliest known record is of early Paleocene (Danian) age in Pakistan. Other than the west coast of North America, Rimella is found in Eocene strata in western Europe, Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, southeastern United States, Panama, Peru, and, to a lesser degree, in Trinidad, Columbia, Java, and New Zealand. Global cooling near the end of the Eocene greatly diminished the genus. Its youngest known occurrences are of early Oligocene age in Germany, Italy, England, and Peru.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 87 , Issue 5 , September 2013 , pp. 826 - 841
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbass, H. L. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey, Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series Monograph, 4:1–154.Google Scholar
Abbass, H. L. 1972. Paleontological studies of some Saudi Arabian lower Tertiary fossils. Egypt Journal of Geology, 16:35–68.Google Scholar
Abbott, R. T. 1960. The genus Strombus in the Indo–Pacific. Indo–Pacific Mollusca Mollusca, 1:33–144.Google Scholar
Adegoke, O. S. 1977. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ewekoro Formation (Paleocene) of southwestern Nigeria. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 71:1–379.Google Scholar
Agassiz, L. 1841. Grossbritanniens Mineral–Conchologie oder ausgemahlte Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Schalthier–Überreste, welch zu verschiedenden Zeiten und in verschiedenen Tiefen der Erde worden sind. (The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain, by J. Sowerby, translated by Agassiz). Neuchatel, H. Nicolet,2 Vols., 689p.Google Scholar
Archiac, E. J. A. D'. 1850. Histoire des Progrès de la Géologie Pendant les Années 1834 a 1849. Vol. 3. I. Martinet, Paris, 640p.Google Scholar
Archiac, E. J. A. D' and Haime, J., 1853. Description des animaux fossiles du group nummulitique de l'Indie, précédée d'un résumé géologique et d'une monographie des nummulites. Livraison 2, Mollusques. Gide et J. Baudy, Paris, p. 225–373.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. 1910. Paleontology of the Coalinga district, Fresno and Kings counties. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 396:1–173.Google Scholar
Arnold, R. and Anderson, R. 1910. Geology and oil resources of the Coalinga District, California. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 398:1–354.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 2007. About the larval shell of some Stromboidea, connected to a review of the classification and phylogeny of the Strombimorpha (Caenogastropoda). Paläontologie, Stratigraphie, Fazies (15), Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 524:97–206.Google Scholar
Bastérot, B. De. 1825. Description géologique du bassin Tertiaire du sud-ouest de la France. Première Partie, comprenant les observations générals sur les mollusques fossiles. Mémoires de las Société d'Histoire Naturelles de Paris, Tome 2, p. 1–100.Google Scholar
Bellardi, L. 1852. Catalogue raisonné des fossiles nummulitiques du comte de Nice. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Série 2, 4:205–300.Google Scholar
Bentson, H. 1940. A systematic study of the fossil gastropod Exilia. University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 25:199–238.Google Scholar
Beyrich, E. 1854. Die Conchylien des norddeutschen Tertiärgebirges. Zeitschrift der Deutsche Geologischen Gesellschaft, Berlin, 6:408–500.Google Scholar
Bice, K. and Marotzke, J. 2002. Could changing ocean circulation have destabilized methane hydrate at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary? Paleoceanography, 17:1–16.Google Scholar
Bodelle, J. 1978–1979. Carte géologique de la France et de la marge continental. Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (one sheet, scale 1:500,000).Google Scholar
Boettger, O. 1875. Die fossilen Mollusken der Eocänformation auf der Insel Borneo. Palaeontographica. Supplement, 3:9–59.Google Scholar
Boettger, O. 1883. Die Conchlylien der Oligocaen–Schichten von Djokdjakarta auf Java , p.Google Scholar
1–151. InDie Tertiärformation von Sumatra un ihre Thierreste, R. D. M. Verbeek, O. Boettger und von Fritsch, K.(eds.), Thiel 2. Theodor Fischer, Cassel.Google Scholar
Brander, G. 1766. Fossilia Hantoniensia Collecta, et in Museo Britannico Deposita a Gustavo Brander. London, 43p.Google Scholar
Burger, A. W. and Kronenberg, G. C. 2006. The occurrence of Ectinochilus Cossmann, 1889 (Gastropoda; Strombidae) in New Zealand, with the description of two new Eocene species. Molluscan Research, 26:77–83.Google Scholar
Chaudoir, M. 1883. Descriptions de Carabiques nouveaux. Coleopterorum Novitates, 1:17–39.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. 1929. Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, with illustrations of index fossils of Tertiary horizons. Privately published, 30p.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. and Durham, J. W. 1946. Eocene faunas from the Department of Bolivar, Colombia. The Geological Society of America Memoir, 16, 126p.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. and Palmer, D. K. 1923. Revision of the Rimella-like gastropods from the west coast of North America. University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 14:277–288.Google Scholar
Clark, B. L. and Vokes, H. E. 1936. Summary of marine Eocene sequence of western North America. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 47:851–878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collignon, M. 1931. Faunes Sénoniennes du nord et de l'ouest de Madgascar. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines, 1:1–64.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1833. Eocene fossils of Claiborne, with observations on this formation in the United States, and a geological map of Alabama, p. 29–56. InFossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America. (Republished by G. D. Harris, 1893, Paleontological Research Institution Reprint).Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1857. Descriptions of two new genera of shells. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 9:165–166.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1858. Observations on a group of Cretaceous fossil shells, found in Tippah County, Mississippi, with descriptions of fifty–six new species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2, 3:326–327.Google Scholar
Coquebert de Montbret, C. E. and Brongniart, A. 1793. Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la formation de la coquille du Strombus fissurella, et sur deux espèces analogues à celle–ci. Bulletin des Sciences, Société Philomatique de Paris, Série 1, 1:55–56.Google Scholar
Cossmann, A. E. M. 1889. Catalogue illustré des coquilles fossiles de l'Éocène des environs de Paris. Annales de la Société Royale Malacologique de Belgique, 24:3–385.Google Scholar
Cossmann, A. E. M. 1901. Additions à la faune nummulitique d'Égypte. Bulletin de l'Institut Égyptien, Series 4, 1:173–197.Google Scholar
Cossmann, A. E. M. 1904. Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée. Tome 6. Privately published, 151p.Google Scholar
Cossmann, A. E. M. and Pissarro, . 1909. The Mollusca of the Ranikot Series. Part 1. Cephalopoda and Gastropoda. Memoirs of the Geological Society of India, Palaeontologica Indica, New Series, volume 3, Memoir 1:1–82.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1930. The fossil fauna of the Samana Range and some neighbouring areas: The Mollusca of the Hangu Shales. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, New Series, 15:129–222.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1959. Thoughts on the classification of the Gastropoda. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 33:239–261.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. L. C. 1797. Tableau Élementaire de l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux [des Mollusques]. Baudonin, Paris, 710p.Google Scholar
Cuvillier, J. 1935. Étude complémentaire sur la paléontologie du nummulitique Éyptien (Première Partie). Mémoires présentés a l'Institut d'Égypte 28:1–81.Google Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1890. Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida, with especial reference to the Miocene Silex–beds of Tampa and the Pliocene beds of the Calooshatchie River. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science of Philadelphia, Vol. 3, pt. 1, Pulmonate, Opishthobranchiate and Orthodont gastropods, p. 1–200.Google Scholar
Deshayes, G.-P. 1836. Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris. Tome 2.Gasteropodes. F.-G. Levrault, Paris. Livraisons40–45, p. 495–780; Atlas.Google Scholar
Dickerson, R. E. 1914. The fauna of the Siphonalia sutterensis Zone in the Roseburg Quadrangle, Oregon. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 4:113–128.Google Scholar
Dickerson, R. E. 1915. Fauna of the type Tejon: Its relation to the Cowlitz phase of the Tejon Group of Washington. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 5:33–98.Google Scholar
Doniceux, L. 1903. Monographie géologique et paléontologique des Corbières Orientales. Annales de l'Université de Lyon, Nouvelle Série. I. Sciences, Médecine, 11:1–377.Google Scholar
Doniceux, L. 1908. Catalogue descriptif des fossiles nummulitique de l'Aude et de l'Hérault. Deuxième Partie (Fascicule 1) Corbières Septentrionales. Annales de l'Université de Lyon, Nouvelle Série, I. Science, Médecine, 22:1–288.Google Scholar
Eames, F. E. 1952. A contribution to the study of the Eocene in western Pakistan and western India. Part C, The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard section in the Rakhi and Zinda Pir areas of the western Punjab and in the Kohat district. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Series B, Biological Sciences), 236:1–168.Google Scholar
Gabb, W. M. 1864. Description of the Cretaceous fossils. Section 4. InPalaeontology of California, Vol. 1, p. 57–236. Geological Survey of California.Google Scholar
Gabb, W. M. 1868. An attempt at a revision of two families Strombidae and Aporrhaidae. American Journal of Conchology, 4:137–149.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. 1945. Mollusca of the Tertiary formations of northeastern Mexico. Geological Society of America Memoir, 11:1–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Givens, C. R. 1974. Eocene molluscan biostratigraphy of the Pine Mountain area, Ventura County, California. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 109:1–107.Google Scholar
Givens, C. R. and Kennedy, M. P. 1979. Eocene molluscan stages and their correlation, San Diego area, California, p. 81–95. InAbbott, P. L.(ed.), Eocene Depositional Systems, San Diego, California. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Glibert, M. 1963. Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cénozoïque étranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Deuxième partie, Fossaridae à Ficidae (inclus). Institut Royal des Sciencs Nautrelles de Belgique Mémories, Série 2, 73:1–147.Google Scholar
Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Vermes. In Caroli a Linnaei, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima tertia, Aucta, Reformata. Lipsiae (Leipzig). Vol. 1:3021–3910.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M. 2012. The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Two-volume set. Elsevier: Amsterdam, p. 1–1144.Google Scholar
de Gregorio, A. 1880. Fauna di S. Giovanni (Parisiano), Pt. 1: Cefalopoda e Gasteropodi. Palermo, P. Montaina and G., p. 1–110.Google Scholar
Groves, L. T., Filkorn, H. F., Squires, R. L., and Johnson, K. G. 2003. Notice of transfer of the California State University, Northridge, Paleontology Collection to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Journal of Paleontology, 77:408.Google Scholar
Hanna, G. D. 1924. Rectifications of nomenclature. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 13:151–186.Google Scholar
Hanna, M. A. 1927. An Eocene invertebrate fauna from the La Jolla Quadrangle, California. University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 16:247–398.Google Scholar
Harris, G. D. 1895. New and otherwise interesting Tertiary Mollusca from Texas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 47:45–88.Google Scholar
Harris, G. D. and Palmer, K. V. W. 1946 –1947. The Mollusca of the Jackson Eocene of the Mississippi embayment (Sabine River to Alabama River). Bulletins of American Paleontology, 30:1–564.Google Scholar
Harzhauser, M. 2004. Oligocene gastropod faunas of the eastern Mediterranean (Mesohellenic Trough/Greece and Esfahan–Sirjan Basin/central Iran). Couier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 248:93–181.Google Scholar
Harzhauser, M. 2007. Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the early western Indo–Pacific. Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 280:75–121.Google Scholar
Harzhauser, M., Reuter, M., Piller, W. E., Berning, B., Krott, A., and Mandic, O. 2009. Oligocene and early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from western Tethys to Indo–Pacific. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 83:333–372.Google Scholar
Herrmannsen, A. N. 1848. Indicis Generum Malacozoorum. Casellis, Fischeri, Vol. 2, p. 353–492.Google Scholar
van den Hoek Ostende, L. W., J. Leloux, F. P. Wisseling, and C. F. Winkler Prins. 2002. Cenozoic molluscan types from Java (Indonesia) in the Martin Collection (Division of Cenozoic Mollusca). National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, NNM Technology Bulletin, 5:1–130.Google Scholar
ICZN. 1999. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition.The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. Natural History Museum, London, 306p.Google Scholar
Iqbal, M. W. A. 1969. The Tertiary pelecypod and gastropod fauna from Drug, Zindapir, Vidor (District D. G. Khan). Jhalar and Chharat (District Campellpore), West Pakistan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Pakistan. Palaeontologia Pakistanica, 6:1–95.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. W. 1899. New and interesting species in the “Isaac Lea Collection of Eocene Mollusca”. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 51:71–82.Google Scholar
Kappeler, C. A., Squires, R. L., and Fritsche, A. E. 1984. Transgressive marginal–marine deposits of the Avenal Sandstone, Reef Ridge, central California, p. 9–27. InBlueford, J. R.(ed.), Kreyenhagen Formation and Related Rocks. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Keen, M. A. and Bentson, H. 1944. Check list of California Tertiary marine Mollusca. Geological Society of America Special Papers 56, 280p.Google Scholar
Kiel, S. and Perrilliat, M. C. 2001. New gastropods from the Maastrichtian of the Mexcala Formation in Guerrero, southern Mexico, Pt. 1: Stromboidea. Neus Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 222:407–426.Google Scholar
Kleinpell, R. M. and Weaver, D. W. 1963. Oligocene biostratigraphy of the Santa Barbara embayment, California. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 43:1–250.Google Scholar
Koenen, A. 1889. Das norddeutsche unter–Oligocän und seine Mollusken–Fauna. Lieferung 1: Strombidae, Muricidae, Buccinidae. Abhandlungen zur Geologischen Specialkarte von Preussen und der Thüringischen Staaten, 10:1–280.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. B. A. 1816. Tableau Encyclopédise et Méthodique des Trois Règnes de la Nature. Mollusques et polypes divers. Veuve Agasse, Paris. Pt. 23, 16p.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Edítio Décima Reformata. I. T. de Trattnern, Stockholm, Vol. 1, p. 533–1528.Google Scholar
Martin, K. L. 1889. Die Fossilien von Java auf grund einer sammlung von Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek. Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs–Museums in Leiden, Neue Folge, 1:133–221.Google Scholar
Martin, K. 1914. Die Fauna des Obereocäns von Naggulan auf Java. A. Gastropoda. Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs–Museums in Leiden, Neue Folge, 2:107–178.Google Scholar
Martin, K. 1931. Mollusken aus dem Obereocän von Nanggulan. Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch–Indië, Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen, 18:1–56.Google Scholar
Maury, C. 1910. New Oligocene shells from Florida. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 4:119–164.Google Scholar
Maury, C. 1912. A contribution to the paleontology of Trinidad. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2, 15:25–112.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, R. P. and Waring, C. A. 1915. Petroleum industry of California. California Mining Bureau Bulletin, 69, 519 p.; Atlas.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1864. Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America. Cretaceous and Jurassic. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 177:1–40.Google Scholar
Nagao, T. 1928. Paleogene fossils of the island of Kyushu, Japan. Part 2. The Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan. Series 2 (Geology), 12:11–140.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, E. A. 1995. Paleoecological analysis of molluscan assemblages from the middle Eocene Cowlitz Formation, southwestern Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 69:1060–1073.Google Scholar
Nesbitt, E. A. 1998. Marine fauna of the middle Eocene Tukwila Formation, King County. Washington Geology, 26:13–19.Google Scholar
Nilsen, T. H. 1987. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Eocene Tejon Formation, western Tehachapi and San Emigdio Mountains, California. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1268, 110p.Google Scholar
Okan, Y. and Hosgör, I. 2009. Early Eocene (middle–late Cuisian) molluscs assemblage from the Harpactocarcinid Beds, in the Yoncah Formation of the Çankiri Basin, central Anatolia, and implications for Tethys paleogeography. Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 52:1–30.Google Scholar
Olsson, A. A. 1928. Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of northern Peru: Part 1, Eocene Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 14:1–102.Google Scholar
Olsson, A. A. 1931. Contributions to the Tertiary paleontology of northern Peru: Pt. 4. The Peruvian Oligocene. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 17:99–122.Google Scholar
Oppenheim, P. 1906. Zur Kenntnis alttertiärer Faunen in Äegypten. Leiferung 2: Der Bivalven zweiter Teil, Gastropoda und Cephalopoda. Palaeontographica. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorzeit, 30:165–348.Google Scholar
d'Orbigny, A. 1842. Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale. Paléontologie, 3:1–188.Google Scholar
Özdikmen, H. 2009. Substitute names for eight sponge genus group names (Porifera). Munis Entomology and Zoology, 4:212–218.Google Scholar
Palmer, K. V. W. 1937. The Claibornian Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, and dibranchiate Cephalopod of the southern United States. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 7:1–548.Google Scholar
Palmer, K. V. W. 1944. Notes on Eocene gastropods, chiefly Claibornian. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 28:1–26.Google Scholar
Penna, L. 1965. Formação Maria Farinha (Paleoceno), estado de Pernambuco, Brazil: Malacofauna e consideracoes paleoecologicas. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 17:259–276.Google Scholar
Pchelinstev, V. F. 1953. Gastropod fauna of the Upper Cretaceous deposits in Transcauscasia and Middle Asia. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Geologicheskiy Muzei, Seriya Monnograficheskaya, no. 1, 361p.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A. 1944. Molluscan fossils from the Rio Pachitea and vicinity in eastern Peru. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, 96:137–153.Google Scholar
Rafinesque, C. S. 1815. Analyse de la Nature, ou Tableau de l'Univers et des Corps Organisées. Barravecchia, Palermo, 224p.Google Scholar
Renick, B. C. and Stenzel, H. B. 1931. The lower Claiborne on the Brazos River, Texas. University of Texas Bulletin, 3101, p. 73–108.Google Scholar
Sacco, F. 1893. I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Pt. 14 (Strombidae, Terebellidae, Chenopidae ed Hallidae). Carlo Glausen, Torino, 38p.Google Scholar
Savazzi, E. 1988. Burrowing behavior in Recent Indo–Pacific strombid gastropods. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 1988:415–430.Google Scholar
Savazzi, E. 1991. Constructional morphology of strombid gastropods. Lethaia, 24:311–331.Google Scholar
Schmidt, O. 1879. Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (und de carabischen Meeres). Abtheilung 1. Heft 1, p. 1–32.Google Scholar
Shimer, H. W. and Shrock, R. R. 1944. Index fossils of North America. The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, 837p.Google Scholar
Shuto, T. 1974. Larval ecology of prosobranch gastropods and its bearing on biogeography and paleontology. Lethaia, 7:239–256.Google Scholar
Sohl, N. F. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff formations. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331–B:1–344.Google Scholar
Sohl, N. F. 1969. The fossil record of shell boring by snails. American Zoologist, 9:725–734.Google Scholar
Smith, A. G., Smith, D. G., and Funnel, B. M. 1994. Atlas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic Coastlines. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 99p.Google Scholar
Sowerby I, G. B. (Sr.), 1823. The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells, for use of students in conchology and geology. London. Pt. 20, Privately published, 25p.Google Scholar
Spengler, E., 1913. Nachträge zur Oberkreidefauna des Trichinopoly–Distriktes in Südindien. Beiträge zur Geologische und Paläontologische Öesterreich-Ungarns und des Orients, 26:213–239.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1977. Middle Eocene molluscan assemblage and stratigraphy, lower Piru Creek, Transverse Ranges, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report, 129:81–86.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1983. Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, southern California. InSquires, R. L. and Filewicz, M. V.(eds.), Cenozoic Geology of the Simi Valley Area, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Fall Field Trip and Guidebook, p. 81–86.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1984. Megapaleontology of the Eocene Llajas Formation, Simi Valley, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 350, p. 1–76.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1987. Eocene molluscan paleontology of the Whitaker Peak area, Los Angeles and Ventura counties. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 388, p. 1–93.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1988. Eocene macropaleontology of northern Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 398, p. 1–23.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 1991. Molluscan paleontology of the lower Eocene Maniobra Formation, Orocopia Mountains, southern California, p. 217–226. InAbbott, P. L. and May, J. A.(eds.), Eocene Geologic History San Diego Region. Pacific Section, SEPM, Vol. 68, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 2000a. Additions to the molluscan fauna of the Eocene Juncal? Formation, Lockwood Valley, Ventura County, southern California. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 84:896.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 2000b. Rise and fall of early Tertiary (Paleogene) shallow marine gastropod faunas of the west coast of North America. Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report, 32:47.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 2003. Turnovers in marine gastropod faunas during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, west coast of the United States, p. 14–35. InProthero, D. R., Ivany, L. C., and Nesbitt, E. A.(eds.), From Greenhouse to Icehouse, The Marine Eocene–Oligocene Transition. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. 2008. Eocene megapaleontology, stratigraphy, and depositional environments, Elsmere Canyon, Los Angeles County, southern California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 517, p. 1–16.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L. and Demetrion, R. A. 1992. Paleontology of the Eocene Bateque Formation, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 434, p. 1–55.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L., Goedert, J. L., and Kaler, K. L. 1992. Paleontology and stratigraphy of Eocene rocks at Pulali Point, Jefferson County, eastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Report of Investigations, 31, p. 1–25.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. B. 1927. Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 78:287–447.Google Scholar
Stewart, R. B. 1946. Geology of Reef Ridge, Coalinga district, California. United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 205–C:81–115.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. D. 1970. Feeding habits of predatory gastropods in a Tertiary (Eocene) molluscan assemblage from the Paris Basin. Palaeontology, 13:254–260.Google Scholar
Trechmann, C. T. 1923. The Yellow Limestone of Jamaica and its Mollusca. Geological Magazine, 60:337–367.Google Scholar
Turner, F. E. 1938. Stratigraphy and Mollusca of the Eocene of western Oregon. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 10, p. 1–130.Google Scholar
Vokes, H. E. 1939. Molluscan faunas of the Domengine and Arroyo Hondo formations of the California Eocene. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 38:1–246.Google Scholar
Waring, C. A. 1917. Stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez to the Chico and Tejon of southern California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 7:41–124.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. 1912. A preliminary report on the Tertiary paleontology of western Washington. Washington Geological Survey Bulletin, 15:1–80.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. 1953. Eocene and Paleocene deposits at Martinez, California. University of Washington Publications in Geology, 7:1–102.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E. 1942. Paleontology of the marine Tertiary formations of Oregon and Washington. University of Washington Publications in Geology, 5:1–790.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. E.et al. 1944. Correlation of the marine Cenozoic formations of western North America. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 55:569–598.Google Scholar
Wells, R. E., Jayko, A. S., Niem, A. R., Black, G., Wiley, T., Baldwin, E., Molenaar, K. M., Wheeler, K. L., DuRoss, C. B., and Givler, R. W. 2008. Geologic map and database of the Roseburg 30×60′ Quadrangle, Douglas and Coos counties, Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Open–File Report 00–376, p. 1–55.Google Scholar
Wenz, W. 1938 -1940. Gastropoda. InSchindewolf, O. H.(ed.), Handbuch der Palaözoologie, Band 6. Borntraeger, Berlin, 1639p.Google Scholar
White, C. A. 1889. On invertebrate fossils from the Pacific coast. United States Geological Survey Bulletin, 51:1–102.Google Scholar
Woods, H. 1922. Mollusca from the Eocene and Miocene deposits of Peru, p. 51–113. InT. O. Bosworth, Geology of the Tertiary and Quaternary periods in the north–west part of Peru. MacMillan and Co., London.Google Scholar
Woodring, W. P. 1959. Geology and paleontology of canal zone and adjoining parts of Panama. Descriptions of Tertiary mollusks (gastropods: Vermetidae to Thaididae). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 306–B:147–239.Google Scholar
Wrigley, A. 1938. English Eocene and Oligocene Strombidae and Aporrhaidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 23:61–87.Google Scholar