Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T04:24:29.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Upper Ordovician trilobite Raymondites Sinclair, 1944 in North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2015

Robert E. Swisher ,
Stephen R. Westrop  and
Lisa Amati
Robert E. Swisher
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, and School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA, 〈[email protected]〉, 〈[email protected]〉
Stephen R. Westrop
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, and School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA, 〈[email protected]〉, 〈[email protected]〉
Lisa Amati
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, SUNY Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676, USA, 〈[email protected]〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Upper Ordovician (Sandbian–Katian) bathyurid trilobite Raymondites Sinclair is revised using new collections from Missouri and Ontario, and archival material from Illinois, Wisconsin, New York, and Ontario. Phylogenetic analysis supports monophyly of Raymondites, but recognition of this genus renders Bathyurus Billings paraphyletic. We treat Raymondites as a subgenus of Bathyurus and label the paraphylum of species traditionally assigned to the latter as Bathyurus sensu lato. Bathyurus (Raymondites) is composed of five previously named species, B. (R.) spiniger (Hall), B. (R.) longispinus (Walcott), B. (R.) ingalli (Raymond), B. (R.) bandifer Sinclair, and B. (R.) trispinosus (Wilson), and two new species, B. (R.) clochensis, and B. (R.) missouriensis; an eighth species is placed in open nomenclature. All species share tuberculate sculpture on the glabella, a relatively short palpebral lobe whose length is less than half of preoccipital glabellar length, and a pygidial outline that is well rounded posteriorly. Aside from the most basal species, B. (R.) longispinus, they also possess occipital spines and, where the pygidium is known, axial pygidial spines.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 89 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 110 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © 2015, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adrain, J.M., and Westrop, S.R., 2005, Lower Ordovician trilobites from the Baumann Fiord Formation, Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 42, p. 1523–1546.Google Scholar
Adrain, J.M., McAdams, N.E.B., and Westrop, S.R., 2009, Trilobite biostratigraphy and revised bases of the Tulean and Blackhillsian Stages of the Ibexian Series, western United States: Memoirs of the Australasian Association of Palaeontogists, v. 37, p. 541–610.Google Scholar
Bauer, J.A., 2010, Conodont and conodont biostratigraphy of the Joins and Oil Creek formations, Arbuckle Mountains, south-central Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, no. 150, 44 p.Google Scholar
Billings, E., 1859, Fossils of the Calciferous Sandrock, including those of a deposit of white limestone at Mingan, supposed to belong to the formation: Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, v. 4, p. 345–367.Google Scholar
Brett, C.E., and Baird, G.C., 2002, Revised stratigraphy of the Trenton Group in its type area, central New York State: sedimentology and tectonics of a Middle Ordovician shelf-to-basin succession: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 27, p. 231–263.Google Scholar
Brett, K.D., and Westrop, S.R., 1996, Trilobites of the Lower Ordovician (Ibexian) Fort Cassin Formation, Champlain Valley region, New York State and Vermont: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 408–427.Google Scholar
Clarke, J.M., 1894, The Lower Silurian trilobites of Minnesota: Minnesota Geology and Natural History Survey, p. 694–759.Google Scholar
Conrad, T.A., 1843, Observations on the lead bearing limestone of Wisconsin, and description of a new genus of trilobites and fifteen new Silurian fossils: Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 1, p. 329–335.Google Scholar
Cooper, B.N., 1953, Trilobites of from the Lower Champlainian formations of the Appalachian Valley: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 55, 69 p.Google Scholar
DeKay, J.E., 1824, Observations on the structure of trilobites and descriptions of an apparently new genus. With notes on the geology of Trenton Falls by James Renwick: Annals of the Museum of Natural History of New York, v. 1, p. 174–189.Google Scholar
DeMott, L.L., 1987, Platteville and Decorah trilobites from Illinois and Wisconsin: Minnesota Geological Survey, Report of Investigations, v. 35, p. 63–98.Google Scholar
Foerste, A.F., 1920, The Kimmswick and Plattin limestones of northeastern Missouri: Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, v. 19, p. 175–224.Google Scholar
Fortey, R.A., 1979, Early Ordovician trilobites from the Catoche Formation (St. George Group), western Newfoundland: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, v. 321, p. 61–114.Google Scholar
Fortey, R.A., and Bruton, D.L., 2013, Lower Ordovician trilobites of the Kirtonryggen Formation, Spitsbergen: Fossils and Strata, v. 59, 116 p.Google Scholar
Goloboff, P.A., Farris, J.S., and Nixon, K.C., 2008, TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis: Cladistics, v. 24, p. 774–786.Google Scholar
Hall, J., 1847, Palaeontology of New York, part VI. Paleontology of New York, volume 1: Description of the organic remains from the lower division of the New York System: Albany, New York, Carroll and Cook, 338 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hintze, L.F., 1953, Lower Ordovician trilobites from western Utah and eastern Nevada: Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin, v. 48, 249 p.Google Scholar
Holland, S.M., and Patzkowsky, M.E., 1997, Distal orogenic effects on peripheral bulge sedimentation: Middle and Upper Ordovician of the Nashville Dome: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 250–263.Google Scholar
Holland, S.M., and Patzkowsky, M.E., 1998, Sequence stratigraphy and relative sea-level of the Nashville Dome, Tennessee: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 68, p. 684–699.Google Scholar
Kay, G.M., 1937, Stratigraphy of the Trenton Group: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 48, p. 233–302.Google Scholar
Kolata, D.R., Huff, W.D., and Bergström, S.M., 1998, Nature and regional significance of unconformities associated with the Middle Ordovician Hagan K-bentonite complex in the North American midcontinent: Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, v. 110, p. 723–739.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, E.R., 1951, Stratigraphy of the Plattin Group, south-eastern Missouri: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 35, p. 2041–2075.Google Scholar
Leslie, S.A., 2000, Mohawkian (Upper Ordovician) conodonts of eastern North America and Baltoscandia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 1122–1147.Google Scholar
Liberty, B.A., 1969, Paleozoic Geology of the Lake Simcoe area, Ontario: Geological Survey of Canada Memoir, v. 355, 201 p.Google Scholar
Loch, J.D., 2007, Trilobite biostratigraphy and correlation of the Kindblade Formation (Lower Ordovician) of Carter and Kiowa counties, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 149, 157 p.Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R., 1979a, A trilobite zonation of Middle Ordovician rocks, southwestern District of Mackenzie: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, v. 312, 99 p.Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R., 1979b, Fossils of Ontario. Part 1: The Trilobites: Life Sciences Miscellaneous Publications, Royal Ontario Museum, 96 p.Google Scholar
Ludvigson, G.A., Witzke, B.J., González, L.A., Carpenter, S.J., Schneider, C.L., and Hasiuk, F., 2004, Late Ordovician (Turinian-Chatfieldian) carbon isotope excursions and their stratigraphic and paleoceanographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 210, p. 187–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metzger, J.G., and Fike, D.A., 2013, Techniques for assessing spatial heterogeneity of carbonate ∂13C values: Implications for craton-wide isotope gradients: Sedimentology, v. 60, p. 1405–1431.Google Scholar
Mitchell, C.E., Adhya, A., Bergström, S.M., Joy, M.P., and Delano, J.W., 2004, Discovery of the Ordovician Millbrig K-bentonite in the Trenton Group of New York State: implications for regional correlation and sequence stratigraphy in eastern North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 210, p. 331–346.Google Scholar
Nixon, K.C., 2002, WinClada ver. 1.00.08. Ithaca, New York, Author.Google Scholar
Patzkowsky, M.E., and Holland, S.M., 1999, Biofacies replacement in a sequence stratigraphic framework: Middle and Upper Ordovician of the Nashville Dome, Tennessee, USA. Palaios, v. 14, p. 301–323.Google Scholar
Raymond, P.E., 1902, The Crown Point section: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 3, p. 5–44.Google Scholar
Raymond, P.E., 1913, Revision of the species which have been referred to the genus Bathyurus: Bulletin of the Victoria Memorial Museum, v. 1, p. 51–69.Google Scholar
Raymond, P.E., 1921, A contribution to the description of the fauna of the Trenton Group: Geological Survey of Canada, Museum Bulletin, v. 31, 64 p.Google Scholar
Raymond, P.E., and Narraway, J.E., 1910, Notes on Ordovician trilobites III, p. Asaphidae from the Lowville and Black River: Annals of the Carnegie Museum, v. 7, p. 46–59.Google Scholar
Ross, R.J., 1967, Some Middle Ordovician brachiopods and trilobites from the Basin Ranges, western United States: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 523-D, 43 p.Google Scholar
Ross, R.J., 1970, Ordovician brachiopods, trilobites and stratigraphy in eastern and central Nevada: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, v. 639, 95 p.Google Scholar
Salad Hersi, O., and Dix, G.R., 1999, Blackriveran (lower Mohawkian, Upper Ordovician) lithostratigraphy, rhythymicity, and paleogeography: Ottawa Embayment, eastern Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 36, p. 2033–2050.Google Scholar
Shaw, F.C., 1974, Simpson Group (Middle Ordovician) trilobites of Oklahoma: Paleontological Society Memoir, v. 6, 54 p.Google Scholar
Shrock, R.R., and Raasch, G.O., 1937, Paleontology of the disturbed Ordovician rocks near Kentland, Indiana: American Midland Naturalist, v. 18, p. 532–607.Google Scholar
Sinclair, G.W., 1944, Some Ordovician trilobites from Ontario: Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute, v. 25, p. 15–20.Google Scholar
Swofford, D.L., 2001. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony Version 4: Sunderland, Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Templeton, J.S., and Willman, H.B., 1963, Champlainian Series (Middle Ordovician) in Illinois: Illinois Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 89, 259 p.Google Scholar
Tremblay, J.V., and Westrop, S.R., 1991, Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) trilobites from the Sunblood Formation, District of Mackenzie, Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 65, p. 801–824.Google Scholar
Walcott, C.D., 1876, Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Trenton Limestone: New York State Museum, 28th Annual Report, 93–97.Google Scholar
Walcott, C.D., 1886, Second contribution to the studies on the Cambrian fauna of North America: U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin, v. 30, 369 p.Google Scholar
Whittington, H.B., 1953, North American Bathyuridae and Leiostegiidae (Trilobita): Journal of Paleontology, v. 27, p. 647–678.Google Scholar
Whittington, H.B., 1959, Family Bathyuridae, in Moore, R.C., ed. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. O376–O380.Google Scholar
Whittington, H.B., 1954, Ordovician trilobites from Silliman’s Fossil Mount: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 62, p. 119–149.Google Scholar
Whittington, H.B., Chatterton, B.D.E., Speyer, S.E., Fortey, R.A., Owens, R.M., et al. 1997. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1, Trilobita Revised: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, Geological Society of America, 530 p.Google Scholar
Wilson, A.E., 1947, Trilobita of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence lowland: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, v. 9, 86 p.Google Scholar