Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:48:39.300Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Triassic notostracans in the Newark Supergroup, Culpeper Basin, northern Virginia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Pamela J. W. Gore  and
Alfred Traverse
Pamela J. W. Gore
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322 Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
Alfred Traverse
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Fossilized notostracan carapaces and abdominal fragments are present in the Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) Bull Run Formation in the Culpeper Basin near Manassas, Virginia. Over 250 notostracan carapaces and carapace fragments and three abdominal fragments with attached caudal rami were collected from light olive-gray, grayish-red, and brownish-gray shales in three on-strike localities. Carapace and abdomen are attached in one specimen. The Culpeper Basin notostracans have a rudimentary supra-anal plate and are identified as Triops cf. cancriformis. Their carapaces are indistinguishable from those of modern forms.

Relatively few notostracan fossils are known and none have been reported previously from the Triassic of North America. Triassic notostracans, however, have been reported from Europe and Africa. Fossil notostracans have been reported from North America only once previously, from the Permian of Oklahoma.

The notostracans are associated with conchostracans (Cyzicus sp.), ostracodes (Darwinula sp.), fish scales, insects, plant fragments, and stromatolites.

The notostracan-bearing beds are present at the top of a transgressive-regressive sequence, indicating that the notostracans inhabited shallow water near the edge of a perennial lake. Palynology indicates that these beds are most likely mid- to late-Rhaetian in age.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 60 , Issue 5 , September 1986 , pp. 1086 - 1096
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adalsteinsson, H. 1979a. Seasonal variation and habitat distribution of benthic Crustacea in Lake Myvatn in 1973. Oikos, 32:195–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adalsteinsson, H. 1979b. Size and food of arctic char Salvelinus alpinns and stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in Lake Myvatn. Oikos, 32:228–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromley, R. G. and Asgaard, U. 1972. Notes on Greenland trace fossils. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Rapport, 49:3–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromley, R. G. and Asgaard, U. 1979. Triassic freshwater ichnocoenoses from Carlsberg fjord, east Greenland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 28:39–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burmeister, E.-G. 1982. Ein Beitrag zur Biologie und population struktur von Lepidurus apus L. (Crustacea, Notostraca). Spixiana, 5(2):193–209.Google Scholar
Cornet, B. 1977. The palynostratigraphy and age of the Newark Supergroup. Unpubl. Ph.D. Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 506 p.Google Scholar
Cornet, B., Traverse, A. and McDonald, N. G. 1973. Fossil spores, pollen, and fishes from Connecticut indicate early Jurassic age for part of the Newark Group. Science, 82:1243–1247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dechaseaux, C. 1953. Sous-classe des Branchiopodes. Traité de Paléontologie, 3:260–262.Google Scholar
Eriksen, C. H. and Brown, R. J. 1980. Comparative respiratory physiology and ecology of phyllopod crustacea, III. Notostraca. Crustaceana, 39:22–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredskild, B., Jacobsen, N. and Røen, U. 1975. Remains of mosses and freshwater animals in some Holocene lake and bog sediments from Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Udgivne af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige Undersøgelser I Grønland, 198(5):1–44.Google Scholar
Gall, J. C. 1971. Faunes et paysages du grès à Voltzia du Nord des Vosges. Essai paléoécologique sur le Buntsandstein Supérieur. Mémoires du Service de la Carte Géologique D'Alsace et de Lorraine no. 34, 318 p.Google Scholar
Gall, J. C. 1976. Environnements sédimentaires anciens et milieux de vie: Introduction à la Paléoécologie. Institut de Géologie, Université Louis-Pasteur de Strasbourg, 228 p.Google Scholar
Gall, J. C. 1983. Ancient Sedimentary Environments and the Habitats of Living Organisms: Introduction to Paleoecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 219 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, P. J. W. 1983. Sedimentology and invertebrate paleontology of Triassic and Jurassic lacustrine deposits, Culpeper Basin, northern Virginia. Unpubl. Ph.D. Dissertation, The George Washington University, 356 p.Google Scholar
Gore, P. J. W. 1984. Triassic and Jurassic lacustrine sequences in the Culpeper Basin, northern Virginia. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 16(3):141.Google Scholar
Gore, P. J. W. and Lindholm, R. C. 1983. Paleoecology of Triassic and Jurassic lacustrine deposits in the Culpeper Basin of northern Virginia. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 15(3):122.Google Scholar
Grauvogel, L. 1947. Note préliminaire sur la faune du Grès à Voltzia. Comptes Rendus Sommes Société Géologique, France, p. 90–92.Google Scholar
Haughton, S. H. 1924. The fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. South African Museum Annual, 12:323–495.Google Scholar
Hempel-Zawitkowska, J. 1967. Natural history of Triops cancriformis (Bosc). Zoologica Poloniae, 17(3):173–239.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. Vol. 2. Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1,115 p.Google Scholar
Igarashi, K. 1973. Ecological studies on Triops cancriformis (Bosc) in the Shonai District, Japan, IV. Zoobenthos of the rice fields where the tedpole [sic] shrimps inhabit. The Journal of the Yagamata Agriculture and Forestry Society, 30:14–19 (Japanese with English summary).Google Scholar
Kaestner, A. 1970. Invertebrate Zoology. Vol. 3. Crustacea. Interscience Publishers, New York, p. 99–102.Google Scholar
Lindegaard, C. 1979. The invertebrate fauna of Lake Myvatn, Iceland. Oikos, 32:151–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linder, F. 1952. Contributions to the morphology and taxonomy of the Branchiopoda Notostraca with special reference to North American species. U.S. National Museum, Proceedings, 102:1–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindholm, R. C. 1979. Geologic history and stratigraphy of the Triassic-Jurassic Culpeper Basin, Virginia. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 90(1):995–997; 90 (2):1702–1736.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindholm, R. C., Gore, P. J. and Crowley, J. K. 1982. A lacustrine sequence in the upper Triassic Bull Run Formation (Culpeper Basin) in northern Virginia. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 14(1 & 2):35.Google Scholar
Longhurst, A. R. 1955. Evolution in the Notostraca. Evolution, 9:84–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moret, L. 1958. Manuel de Paléontologie animale. Masson et Cie, Paris, 771 p.Google Scholar
Pennak, R. W. 1953. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States. Ronald Press, New York, 740 p.Google Scholar
Reeside, J. B. Jr. et al. 1957. Correlation of the Triassic formations of North America exclusive of Canada. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 68:1451–1514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Retallack, J. T. and Clifford, H. F. 1980. Periodicity of crustaceans in a shallow saline prairie stream of Alberta, Canada. American Midland Naturalist, 103:123–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruedemann, R. 1922. On the occurrence of an Apus in the Permian of Oklahoma. Journal of Geology, 30:311–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schimper, W. P. 1840. “Communication,” Strasburg, March 14, 1840. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, p. 336–338.Google Scholar
Scott, S. R. and Grigarick, A. A. 1978. Observation on the biology and rearing of the tadpole shrimp Triops longicaudatus (Leconte) (Notostraca: Triopsidae). Wasmann Journal of Biology, 36(1 & 2):116–126.Google Scholar
Soergel, W. 1928. Apodiden aus dem Chirotherium Sandstein. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 10:11–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohn, I. G. and Chatterjee, S. 1979. Freshwater ostracodes from Late Triassic coprolite in central India. Journal of Paleontology, 53:578–586.Google Scholar
Takahashi, F. 1977. Pioneer life of the tadpole shrimps, Triops spp. (Notostraca: Triopsidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 12:104–117.Google Scholar
Tasch, P. 1969a. Branchiopoda, p. R128–R191. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4, 1, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Tasch, P. 1969b. New observations on the notostracan Triops longicaudatus in natural and cultural situations. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 72:323–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trusheim, F. 1931. Aktuo-paläontologische Beobachtungen an Triops cancriformis Schaeffer (Crust. Phyll.). Senckenbergiana, 13:234–243.Google Scholar
Trusheim, F. 1938. Triopsiden (Crust. Phyll.) aus dem Keuper Frankens. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 19:198–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visscher, H. 1980. Die Stellung des Rhät aus Palynologischer Sicht. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (Frankfurt), 42:56–63.Google Scholar
Visscher, H. and Brugman, W. A. 1980. Ranges of selected palynomorphs in the Alpine Triassic of Europe. Rangecharts distributed by the authors at 5th International Palynological Conference, Cambridge, England (June–July 1980).Google Scholar
Webb, J. A. 1979. A reappraisal of the paleoecology of Conchostracans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 158:259–275.Google Scholar
Williams, W. D. 1968. The distribution of Triops and Lepidurus (Branchiopoda) in Australia. Crustaceana, 14:119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar