Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T16:23:40.128Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Taxonomy and functional morphology of the Urasterellidae (Paleozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2020

Daniel B. Blake
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 506 W. Springfield, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
Joseph Koniecki
Affiliation:
3529 E. Joy Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA

Abstract

Family-level taxonomic concepts for Paleozoic Asteroidea are problematic; data availability for the family Urasterellidae, however, is judged sufficient for familial reappraisal. The survey cannot be fully comprehensive because certain available names are founded on very limited material, with specimens widely scattered among collections. Recognized urasterellid genera include Urasterella Schuchert, 1914; Anthroosasterias Blake, 2017; Meturaster Blake, Guensburg, and Lefebvre, 2016; Salteraster Stürtz, 1893; Staurasterias Blake, 2017; Ulrichaster Spencer, 1950; and Pegoasterella pompom n. gen. n. sp. Other available generic names are held in abeyance. The name Urasterella has approached form-genus status, an outcome exacerbated by incomplete understanding of the type species. Urasterella huxleyi (Billings, 1865) is reassigned to Anthroosasterias. Relatively large specimen suites for Anthroosasterias huxleyi (Billings, 1865) and Salteraster grandis (Meek, 1872) enable some interpretation of urasterellid intrataxon variation, ontogenetic change, and life mode. Morphologic changes accompanying ontogeny of A. huxleyi are argued as favoring a shift from substrate surface feeding to feeding through extension of arms into the water column in a manner comparable to that seen among extant Forcipulatida and ophiurans.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/82d2eca7-55e0-42ed-a164-c666652e3972

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2020, The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agassiz, A., 1877, North American starfishes: Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, v. 5, 136 p.Google Scholar
Armstrong, D.K., 2000, Paleozoic geology of the northern Lake Simcoe area, south-central Ontario: Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6011, 34 p.Google Scholar
Ausich, W.I., Wright, D.F., Cole, S.R., and Koniecki, J.M., 2018, Disparid and hybocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte of Ontario: Journal of Paleontology, v. 92, p. 850871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billings, E., 1857, New species of fossils from the Silurian rocks of Canada: Geological Survey of Canada Report of Progress for 1853–1856, p. 256345.Google Scholar
Billings, E., 1865, Containing descriptions and figures of new or little known species of organic remains from the Silurian rocks: Geologic Survey of Canada, Palaeozoic Fossils, v. 1, 426 p.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., 1972, Sea star Platasterias: ossicle morphology and taxonomic position: Science, v. 176, p. 306307.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., 1982, Somasteroidea, Asteroidea, and the affinities of Luidia (Platasterias) latiradiata: Palaeontology, v. 25, p. 167191.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., 2013, Early asterozoan (Echinodermata) diversification: a paleontologic quandary: Journal of Paleontology, v. 87, p. 353372.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., 2017, Two new Carboniferous Asteroidea (Echinodermata) of the family Urasterellidae: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 284, p. 6573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D.B., 2018, Toward a history of the Paleozoic Asteroidea (Echinodermata): Bulletins of American Paleontology, no. 394, 96 p.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., and Elliott, D.R., 2003, Ossicular homologies, systematics, and phylogenetic implications of certain North American Carboniferous asteroids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, p. 476489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D.B., and Guensburg, T.E., 1994, Predation by the Ordovician asteroid Promopalaeaster on a pelecypod: Lethaia, v. 27, p. 235239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D.B., and Guensburg, T.E., 2015, The class Somasteroidea (Echinodermata, Asterozoa): morphology and occurrence: Journal of Paleontology, v. 89, p. 465486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blake, D.B., and Rozhnov, S., 2007, Aspects of life mode among Ordovician asteroids: implications of new specimens from Baltica: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 53, p. 519533.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., Guensburg, T.E., Sprinkle, J., and Sumrall, C., 2007, A new, phylogenetically significant Lower Ordovician asteroid (Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 82, p. 12541262.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., Zamora, S., and García-Alcalde, J.L., 2015, A new Devonian asteroid-like ophiuroid from Spain: Geologica Acta, v. 13, p. 335343.Google Scholar
Blake, D.B., Guensburg, T.E., and Lefebvre, B., 2016, New early Paleozoic Asterozoa (Echinodermata) from the Armorican Massif, France, and the Western United States: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 102, p. 161181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blowes, L.M., Egertová, M., Liu, Y., Davis, G.R., Terrill, N.J., Gupta, H.S., and Elphick, M.R., 2017, Body wall structure in Asterias Rubens: Journal of Anatomy, v. 231, p. 325341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Branstrator, J.W., 1982, Asteroids, in Sprinkle, J., ed., Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1, p. 316321.Google Scholar
Brun, E., 1969, Aggregation of Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard) (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea): Nytt Magasin for Zoologi, v. 17, p. 153160.Google Scholar
Clark, A.M., 1983, Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea, 3, the families Ganeriidae and Asterinidae, with description of a new asterinid genus: Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), v. 45, p. 359380.Google Scholar
Cox, L.R., 1955, Obituary, Dr. William Kingdon Spencer, F.R.S.: Nature, v. 176, p. 952953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, J.W., 1967, The incompleteness of our knowledge of the fossil record: Journal of Paleontology, v. 31, p. 242272.Google Scholar
Eylers, J.P., 1976, Aspects of skeletal mechanics of the starfish Asterias forbesii: Journal of Morphology, v. 149, p. 353368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fell, H.B., 1962a, A surviving somasteroid from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Science, v. 136, p. 633636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fell, H.B., 1962b, A living somasteroid, Platasterias latiradiata Gray: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, art. 6, 16 p.Google Scholar
Fell, H.B., 1963, The phylogeny of sea-stars: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, v. 246, p. 381435.Google Scholar
Fewkes, J.W., 1888, On the development of calcareous plates of Asterias: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, v. 17, p. 156.Google Scholar
Fisher, W.K., 1911, Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters, 1, Phanerozonia and Spinulosa: Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, v. 76, 420 p.Google Scholar
Fisher, W.K., 1928, Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters, 2, Forcipulata (Part): Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, v. 76, 267 p.Google Scholar
Fisher, W.K., 1930, Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters, 3, Forcipulata (Concluded): Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum, v. 76, 255 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, E., 1839, On the Asteriadae of the Irish Sea: Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh, v. 8, p. 113129.Google Scholar
Forbes, E., 1848, On the Asteridae found fossil in British strata: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and of the Museum of Practical Geology in London, v. 2, no. 2, p. 457482.Google Scholar
Freeman, S.M., Richardson, C.A., and Seed, R., 2001, Seasonal abundance, spatial distribution, spawning and growth of Astropecten irregularis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 53, p. 3949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gale, A.S., 2011, The phylogeny of post-Paleozoic Asteroidea (Neoasteroidea, Echinodermata): Special Papers in Palaeontology, v. 38, 112 p.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1840, A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus): The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 6, p. 175–184, 275290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1871, Description of Platasterias, a new genus of Astropectinidae from Mexico: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1871, p. 136137.Google Scholar
Hall, J., 1852, Palaeontology of New York, Containing Descriptions of the Organic Remains of the Lower Middle Division of the New-York System, Volume 2: Albany, New York, C. van Benthuysen, 362 p.Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, F.H.C., and Glass, A., 2010, Bdellacoma in the Hunsrück Slate (Lower Devonian): reidentification of Urasterella verruculosa (Asteroidea, Bdellacomidae), in Harris, L.G., Böttger, S.A., Walker, C.W., and Lesser, M.P., eds., Echinoderms: Durham: Leiden, The Netherlands, CRC Press/Balkema, p. 1521.Google Scholar
Hudson, G.H., 1916, On the genus Urasterella with description of a new species: Bulletin of the New York State Museum, v. 187, p. 117165.Google Scholar
Jaekel, O., 1923, Zur Morphogenie der Asterozoa: Palaeontologischen Zeitschrift, v. 5, p. 344350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jangoux, M., 1982, Food and feeding mechanisms: Asteroidea, in Jangoux, M., and Lawrence, J.M., eds., Echinoderm Nutrition: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 117160.Google Scholar
Jell, P.A., and Theron, J.N., 1999, Early Devonian echinoderms from South Africa: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 43, p. 115199.Google Scholar
Kano, Y.T., Komatsu, M., and Oguro, C., 1974, Notes on the development of the sea-star Leptasterias ochotensis simispinis, with special reference to skeletal system: Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, v. 10, p. 4553.Google Scholar
Kesling, R.V., 1969, Three Permian starfish from Western Australia and their bearing on revision of the Asteroidea: The Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, Contributions, v. 22, p. 361376.Google Scholar
Kolata, D.R., 1973, Middle Ordovician echinoderms from Northern Illinois and Southern Wisconsin: The Paleontological Society Memoir 7, 74 p.Google Scholar
Komatsu, M., 1975, On the development of the sea-star, Astropecten latespinosus Meissner: Biological Bulletin, v. 148, p. 4959.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lehmann, W.M., 1957, Die Asterozoen in den Dachschiefern des rheinischen Unterdevons: Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung, v. 21, 160 p.Google Scholar
Ludwig, H., 1899, Asteroidea, in Bronn, H.G., Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreiches: Leipzig, C.E. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, v. 2, pt. 3, book 2, Die Seesterne, p. 461966.Google Scholar
Lütken, C., 1871, Fortasatte kritiske og beskrivende Bidrag til Kundskab om Sostjernerne (Asteriderne): Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i København, 1871, p. 227304.Google Scholar
Madsen, F.J., 1961, The Porcellanasteridae: Galathea Report 4: Copenhagen, Danish Science Press, 74 p.Google Scholar
Madsen, F.J., 1966, The Recent sea-star Platasterias and the fossil Somasteroidea: Nature, v. 209, p. 1367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mah, C.L., 2017, Overview of the Ferdina-like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera, and fourteen new species: Zootaxa, v. 4271, 72 p.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mah, C.L., 2018, New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean: Zootaxa, v. 4539, 116 p.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mah, C.L., 2019, World Asteroidea Database: http://www.marinespecies.org/asteroidea (accessed 11 January 2019).Google Scholar
Mah, C.L., Mercier, A., Hamel, J.-F., and Nizinski, M., 2012, Range extensions and taxonomic notes on Atlantic Myxasteridae (Velatida; Asteroidea): Zootaxa, v. 3572, p. 5562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mah, C., Linse, K., Copley, J., Marsh, L., Rogers, A., Clague, D., and Foltz, D., 2015, Description of a new family, new genus, and two new species of deep-sea Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea), including the first known sea star from hydrothermal vent habitats: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 174, p. 93113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClintock, J.B., and Lawrence, J.M., 1981, An optimization study on the feeding behavior of Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): Marine Behavior and Physiology, v. 7, p. 263275.Google Scholar
McClintock, J.B., and Lawrence, J.M., 1985, Characteristics of foraging in the soft-bottom benthic starfish Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): prey selectivity, switching behavior, functional responses and movement patterns: Oecologia, v. 66, p. 291298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCoy, F., 1874, Prodromus of the Palaeontology of Victoria, Decade 1: Melbourne, Geological Survey of Victoria, p. 4143.Google Scholar
McKnight, D.G., 1975, Classification of somasteroids and asteroids (Asterozoa: Echinodermata): Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, v. 5, p. 1319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meek, F.B., 1872, Description of two new star-fishes, and a crinoid, from the Cincinnati group of Ohio and Indiana: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 3, p. 257262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mooi, R., and David, B., 2000, What a new model of skeletal homologies tells us about asteroid evolution: American Zoologist, v. 40, p. 326339.Google Scholar
Müller, J., and Troschel, F.H., 1840, Beobachtungen über die Asteriensammlung des Zoologischen Museum: Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1840, p. 100106.Google Scholar
O'Neill, P.L., 1989, Structure and mechanics of starfish body wall: Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 147, p. 5389.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Neill, P.L., 1990, Torsion in the asteroid ray: Journal of Morphology, v. 203, p. 141149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owen, H.G., 1965, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: table of contents, supplement and index: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, p. 541583.Google Scholar
Pabst, B., and Vicentini, H., 1978, Dislocation experiments in the migrating sea star Astropecten jonstoni: Marine Biology, v. 48, p. 271278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrier, E., 1884, Mémoire sur les Étoiles de Mer Recueillis dans la Mer des Antilles et le Golfe de Mexique: Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, v. 6, p. 127276.Google Scholar
Philip, G.M., 1965, Ancestry of sea-stars: Nature, v. 208, p. 766768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roemer, F., 1863, Neue Asteriden und Crinoiden aus devonischem Dachschiefer von Bundenbach bei Birkenfeld: Palaeontographica, v. 9, p. 143152.Google Scholar
Ruedemann, R., 1916, Account of some new or little-known species of fossils, mostly from the Paleozoic rocks of New York: New York State Museum Bulletin, v. 189, p. 797.Google Scholar
Salter, J.W., 1857, On some new Palaeozoic star-fishes: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, v. 20, p. 321334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sars, G.O., 1875, On Some Remarkable Forms of Life from the Great Deeps of the Norwegian Coast. 2. Researches on the Structure and Affinity of the Genus Brisinga Based on the Study of a New Species, Brisinga coronata: Christiania, Christiania University, 112 p.Google Scholar
Schöndorf, F., 1909, Die Asteriden des russischen Karbon: Palaeontographica, v. 56, p. 323338.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C., 1914, Stelleroidea Palaeozoica, in Frech, F., ed., Fossilium Catalogus I, Animalia, pars 3: Berlin, W. Junk, 53 p.Google Scholar
Schuchert, C., 1915, Revision of Paleozoic Stelleroidea with special reference to North American Asteroidea: U.S. National Museum Bulletin, v. 88, 311 p.Google Scholar
Shackleton, J.D., 2005, Skeletal homologies, phylogeny and classification of the earliest asterozoan echinoderms: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, v. 3, p. 29114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shchurovskiy, G., 1874, Geological excursions in the provinces of Moscow, Kaluga and Yaroslavi: Nachrichten der Moskaner Gesellschaft der Liebhaber der Naturgeschichte.Google Scholar
Simpson, G.G., 1961, Principles of Animal Taxonomy: New York and London, Columbia University Press, 247 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sladen, W.P., 1889, Report on the Asteroidea, in Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger: Zoology, Volume 30: Edinburgh, Neill, 894 p.Google Scholar
Sloan, N.A., 1980, Aspects of the feeding biology of asteroids, in Barnes, M., ed., Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review, Volume 18: London, Aberdeen University Press, p. 57124.Google Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1914–1940, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pts. 1–10 (for 1913–1940), 540 p.Google Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1914, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 1 (for 1913), p. 156.Google Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1916, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 2 (for 1915), p. 57108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1918, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 3 (for 1916), p. 109168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1922, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 5 (for 1920), p. 197236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1930, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 8 (for 1928), p. 389436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1940, The British Palaeozoic Asterozoa: Palaeontographical Society of London Monograph, pt. 10 (for 1940), p. 495540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1950, Asterozoa and the study of Palaeozoic faunas: Geological Magazine, v. 87, p. 393408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.K., 1951, Early Palaeozoic starfish: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, v. 235, p. 87129.Google ScholarPubMed
Spencer, W.K., and Wright, C.W., 1966, Asterozoans, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U, Echinodermata 3, Volume 1: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, p. U4U107.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., ed., 1982, Echinoderm Faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions Monograph 1, 369 p.Google Scholar
Sprinkle, J., 1983, Patterns and problems in echinoderm evolution, in Jangoux, M., and Lawrence, J.M., eds., Echinoderm Studies, Volume 1: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 118.Google Scholar
Stürtz, B., 1886, Beitrag zur Kenntniss palaeozoischer Seesterne: Palaeontographica, v. 32, p. 7598.Google Scholar
Stürtz, B., 1893, Über versteinerte und lebende Seesterne: Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande, v. 50, p. 192.Google Scholar
Stürtz, B., 1900, Ein weiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis palaeozoischer Asteroiden: Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, v. 56, p. 176240.Google Scholar
Thoral, M., 1935, Contribution à l’étude paléontologique de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire et révision sommaire de la faune cambrienne de la Montagne Noire [Ph.D. thesis]: Paris, l'Université de Paris, 363 p.Google Scholar
Thorent, M., 1838, Mémoire sur la constitution géologique de la partie nord du Departément de l'Aisne: Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, v. 3, p. 239260.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G., 1967, General characters of Echinodermata, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part S, Echinodermata 1, Volume 1: Boulder, Colorado, and Lawrence, Kansas, The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, S3S60.Google Scholar
Viguier, C., 1878, Anatomie comparée du squelette des stellérides: Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, v. 7, p. 33250.Google Scholar
Villier, L., Brayard, A., Bylund, K.G., Jenks, J.F., Escarguel, G., Olivier, N., Stephen, D.A., Vennin, E., and Fara, E., 2017, Superstesaster promissor gen. et sp. nov., a new starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the Early Triassic of Utah, USA, filling a major gap in the phylogeny of asteroids: Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, v. 16, p. 395415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walenkamp, J.H.C., 1976, The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam: Zoologische Verhandelingen Vitgegeven, Rijksmuseum Natuurlijke Historie, v. 147, 91 p.Google Scholar
Walenkamp, J.H.C., 1979, Asteroids (Echinodermata) from the Guyana Shelf: Zoologische Verhandelingen Vitgegeven, Rijksmuseum Natuurlijke Historie, v. 170, 97 p.Google Scholar
Warner, G., 1982, Food and feeding mechanisms: Ophiuroidea, in Jangoux, M., and Lawrence, J.M., eds., Echinoderm Nutrition: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 161181.Google Scholar
Withers, R.B., and Keble, R.A., 1934, The Palaeozoic starfish of Victoria: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, v. 46, p. 220249.Google Scholar
Woodley, J.D., 1980, The biomechanics ophiuroid tube-feet, in Jangoux, M., ed., Echinoderms: Present and Past: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 293299.Google Scholar