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New cranial fossils of the Jurassic turtle Neusticemys neuquina and phylogenetic relationships of the only thalassochelydian known from the eastern Pacific

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 October 2019

P. González Ruiz Open the ORCID record for P. González Ruiz [Opens in a new window] ,
M. S. de la Fuente  and
M.S. Fernández
P. González Ruiz
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Av. Ballofet s/n, 5600, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina Instituto de Evolución, Ecología Histórica y Ambiente (CONICET-IDEVEA-UTN FRSR), Calle Urquiza 314, 5600 San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
M. S. de la Fuente
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Av. Ballofet s/n, 5600, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina Instituto de Evolución, Ecología Histórica y Ambiente (CONICET-IDEVEA-UTN FRSR), Calle Urquiza 314, 5600 San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
M.S. Fernández
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina División Paleontología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
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Abstract

Neusticemys neuquina (Fernández and de la Fuente, 1988) is a turtle from the Upper Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Here we describe in detail a new skull, lower jaw, and a vertebra, utilizing both traditional anatomical description and computed tomography (CT). New diagnostic cranial characters of Neusticemys neuquina are: a round depression on the ventral surface of the basisphenoid, a relatively larger oval foramen nervi trigemini, and reduced and steepened triturating surfaces on both the maxilla and dentary. The new morphological information presented in this study was included in a phylogenetic analysis, the primary result of which was recovery of Neusticemys neuquina within Thalassochelydia. Characters recognized as synapomorphies of this clade include: (1) anterolateral recess of the anterior surface of the quadrate positioned lateral to the processus trochlearis oticum, (2) presence of a fossa on the supraoccipital-opisthotic-exoccipital contact area, (3) foramina anterius caroticus cerebralis located close together but independently perforating the basisphenoid, and (4) the presence of the splenial in the mandible. Two contrasting dispersal scenarios could explain how this species of Thalassochelydia can be found outside of Europe. The presence of Neusticemys neuquina in the Neuquén Basin could be the consequence of an early dispersion event, for which we lack intermediate forms, or it could be the result of a later event once the clade was already established in Europe.

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Articles
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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 145 - 164
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Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

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