Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T02:02:19.226Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New chancelloriids from the Early Cambrian Sekwi Formation with a comment on chancelloriid affinities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Robert D. Randell ,
Bruce S. Lieberman ,
Stephen T. Hasiotis  and
Michael C. Pope
Robert D. Randell
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Kansas, 120 Lindley Hall, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence 66045, , ,
Bruce S. Lieberman
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Kansas, 120 Lindley Hall, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence 66045, , ,
Stephen T. Hasiotis
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Kansas, 120 Lindley Hall, 1475 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence 66045, , ,
Michael C. Pope
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Webster 1228, Pullman 99164,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Articulated scleritomes of the chancelloriids Archiasterella fletchergryllus new species and Chancelloria cf. eros Walcott, 1920 are described from the Early Cambrian (Branchian) Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. Early diagenetic, microbially mediated lithification has resulted in unusual three-dimensional preservation of the body surface, which potentially allows consideration of the evolutionary affinities of these enigmatic organisms. Sclerites are mounted on short stalks of the integument, connected to the undersurface of the central disc, and are external to the body surface.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 79 , Issue 5 , September 2005 , pp. 987 - 996
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I., and Babcock, L. E. 1998. The phylogenetic position of Echmatocrinus brachiatus, a probable octocoral from the Burgess Shale. Palaeontology, 41:193–202.Google Scholar
Bayer, F. M. 1990. The identity of Fannyella rossii J. E. Gray (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103:773–783.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S. 1992. The cap-shaped Cambrian fossil Maikhanella and the relationship between coeloscleritophorans and molluscs. Lethaia, 25:401–420.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S., and Hou, X. 1998. The skin of chancelloriids. Palaeontology Newsletter, 39:3.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S., and Hou, X. 2001. The integument of Cambrian chancelloriids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 46:1–22.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S., and Missarzhevsky, V. V. 1981. Coeloscleritophora—a major group of enigmatic Cambrian metazoans. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 81-743:19–21.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S., Collins, D. H., and Runnegar, B. 1996. Chancelloriid sclerites formation—turning the problem inside out, p. 29. In Repetski, J. E. (ed.), Sixth North American Paleontological Convention, Abstracts of Papers. The Paleontological Society Special Publication, 8.Google Scholar
Bengtson, S., Conway Morris, S., Cooper, B. J., Jell, P. A., and Runnegar, B. N. 1990. Early Cambrian fossils from South Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoirs, 9:1–364.Google Scholar
Beresi, M. S., and Rigby, J. K. 1994. Sponges and chancelloriids from the Cambrian of western Argentina. Journal of Paleontology, 68:206–217.Google Scholar
Blusson, S. L. 1971a. Sekwi Mountain Map Area, Yukon Territory and the District of Mackenzie. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 71–22, 17 p.Google Scholar
Blusson, S. L. 1971b. Geology of Sekwi Mountain, Northwest Territories, Yukon Territory [Map—Scale 1:250,000]. Geological Survey of Canada Map, 1333A.Google Scholar
Bond, G. C., Christie-Blick, N., Kominz, M. A., and Devlin, W. J. 1984. An early Cambrian rift to post-rift transition in the Cordillera of western North America. Nature, 316:742–745.Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G., and Fortey, R. A. 1989. The early radiation and relationships of the major arthropod groups. Science, 246:241–243.Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G., Erwin, D. H., and Collier, F. J. 1994. The Fossils of the Burgess Shale. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 238 p.Google Scholar
Brock, G. A., and Cooper, B. J. 1993. Shelly fossils from the Early Cambrian (Toyonian) Wirrealpa, Aroona Creek, and Ramsay limestones of South Australia. Journal of Paleontology, 67:758–787.Google Scholar
Brusca, R. C., and Brusca, G. J. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts, 922 p.Google Scholar
Budd, G. E., and Jensen, S. 2000. A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla. Biological Reviews, 75:253–295.Google Scholar
Butterfield, N. J. 1995. Chancelloriids from the Middle Cambrian of the Mackenzie Mountains: Implications for early poriferan evolution. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 27(6):A269.Google Scholar
Butterfield, N. J., and Nicholas, C. J. 1996. Burgess Shale-type preservation of both non-mineralizing and ‘shelly’ Cambrian organisms from the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 70:893–899.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1993a. The fossil record and the early evolution of the Metazoa. Nature, 361:219–225.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1993b. Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology, 36:593–635.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 1998. The Crucible of Creation. Oxford University Press, New York, 276 p.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S. 2000. The Cambrian “explosion”: Slow-fuse or megatonnage? Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 97:4426–4429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conway Morris, S., and Chapman, A. J. 1997. Lower Cambrian halkieriids and other coeloscleritophorans from Aksu-Wushi, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Paleontology, 71:6–22.Google Scholar
Conway Morris, S., and Peel, J. S. 1995. Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 347:305–358.Google Scholar
de Vos, L., Rützler, K., Boury-Esnault, N., Donadey, C., and Vacelet, J. 1991. Atlas of Sponge Morphology. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 117 p.Google Scholar
Duan, C. 1984. [Small shelly fossils from the Lower Cambrian Xihaoping Formation in the Shennogjia District, Hubei Province—hyoliths and fossils of unknown affinities]. Bulletin of the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Reserves, 7:143–188.Google Scholar
Fabricius, K., and Alderslade, P. 2001. Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Tropical Shallow Water Genera of the Central West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 264 p.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1972. Lower Cambrian trilobites from the Sekwi Formation type section, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 212.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1976a. Ten stratigraphic sections from the Lower Cambrian Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 76–22.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1976b. Lower Cambrian stratigraphy, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 23:7–22.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1978. Fifteen stratigraphic sections from the Lower Cambrian of the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 77–33.Google Scholar
Fritz, W. H. 1979. Eleven stratigraphic sections from the Lower Cambrian of the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 78–23.Google Scholar
Glumac, B. 2001. Influence of early lithification on late diagenesis of microbialites: Insights from δ18O Compositions of Upper Cambrian carbonate deposits from the southern Appalachians. Palaios, 16:593–600.Google Scholar
Goryansky, V. V. 1973. On the necessity of excluding the genus Chancelloria Walcott from the phylum Porifera. Trudy Institut Geologi i Geofiziki So AN SSSR, 49:39–44. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History. W. W. Norton, New York, 256 p.Google Scholar
Grinnell, G. B. 1876. On a new crinoid from the Cretaceous formation of the west. American Journal of Science and Arts, 3rd series, 12:81–83.Google Scholar
Handfield, R. C. 1968. Sekwi Formation a new Lower Cambrian formation in the southern Mackenzie Mountains, District of Mackenzie. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 68–47.Google Scholar
Harrison, F. W., and de Vos, L. 1991. Porifera, p. 29–89. In Harrison, F. W. and Westfall, J. A. (eds.), Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates. Volume 2. Placozoa, Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Janussen, D., Steiner, M., and Zhu, M-Y. 2002. New well-preserved scleritomes of Chancelloriidae from the Early Cambrian of Yuanshan Formation (Chengjiang, China) and the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Shale (Utah, USA) and paleobiological implications. Journal of Paleontology, 76:596–606.Google Scholar
Jiang, Z., and Huang, Z. 1986. Middle Cambrian small shelly fauna in Yaxian County, Hainan Island. Geological Review, 32:317–324. (In Chinese, English summary)Google Scholar
Krause, F. F. 1975. Sedimentology and stratigraphy of a continental terrace wedge; the Lower Cambrian Sekwi and June Lake formations (Godlin River Group), Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 252 p.Google Scholar
Krause, F. F., and Oldershaw, A. E. 1978a. Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analysis of the Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories. Department of Indian Northern Affairs, Mineral Industries Report, Northwest Territories, EGS, 1978-5, Open-File Report, 30 July 1978:136–156.Google Scholar
Krause, F. F., and Oldershaw, A. E. 1978b. Submarine carbonate breccia beds—a depositional model for two-layer, sediment gravity flows from the Sekwi Formation (Lower Cambrian), Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16:189–199.Google Scholar
Lambert, G. 1998. Spicule formation in the solitary ascidian Bathypera feminalba (Ascidiacea, Pyuridae). Invertebrate Biology, 117:341–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, G.-X. 1999. Early Cambrian chancelloriids from Emei, Sichuan Province, SW China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 38:238–247. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Luo, H., Jiang, Z., Wu, X., Song, X., and Ouyang, L. 1982. [The Sinian–Cambrian Boundary in Eastern Yunnan, China], People's Republic of China. Yunnan Institute of Geological Sciences, 265 p. (In Chinese with English summary)Google Scholar
MacNaughton, R. B., Dalrymple, R. W., and Narbonne, G. M. 1997. Multiple orders of relative sea-level change in an earliest Cambrian passive-margin succession, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 67:622–637.Google Scholar
Martill, D. M. 1987. Prokaryote mates replacing soft tissues in Mesozoic marine reptiles. Modern Geology, 11:265–269.Google Scholar
Mehl, D. 1996. Organization and microstructure of the chancelloriid skeleton: Implications for the biomineralization of the Chancelloriidae. Bulletin de l'institut océanographique, Monaco, n° special, 14:377–385.Google Scholar
Mehl, D. 1998. Porifera and Chancelloriidae from the Middle Cambrian of the Georgina Basin, Australia. Palaeontology, 41:1153–1182.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. L., and Milsom, C. V. 2001. Microbial Sealing in the biostratinomy of Uintacrinus Lagerstätten in the Upper Cretaceous of Kansas and Colorado, USA. Palaios, 16:535–546.Google Scholar
Missarzhevsky, V. V. 1989. [Oldest skeletal fossils and stratigraphy of Precambrian and Cambrian boundary beds.] Akademiia Nauk SSSR Trudy, 443:1–238. (In Russian)Google Scholar
Narbonne, G. M., and Aitken, J. D. 1995. Neoproterozoic of the Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Precambrian Research, 73:101–121.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H. A., and Etheridge, R. Jr. 1878. A Monograph of the Silurian Fossils of the Girvan District in Ayrshire, With Especial Reference to Those Contained in the “Gray Collection.” Volume 1, Pt. 1. William Blackwood and Sons, London, 341 p.Google Scholar
Petrovich, R. 2001. Mechanisms of fossilization in the soft-bodied and lightly armored faunas of the Burgess Shale and of some other classical localities. American Journal of Science, 301:683–726.Google Scholar
Qian, Y., and Bengtson, S. 1989. Palaeontology and biostratigraphy of the Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage in Yunnan Province, South China. Fossils and Strata, 24:1–156.Google Scholar
Rigby, J. K. 1978. Porifera of the Middle Cambrian Wheeler Shale from the Wheeler Amphitheater, House Range, in western Utah. Journal of Paleontology, 52:1325–1345.Google Scholar
Runnegar, B. 1990. Composition and growth of skeleton, p. 314–318. In Briggs, D. E. and Crowther, P. R. (eds.), Paleobiology: A synthesis. Palaeontological Association, London.Google Scholar
Runnegar, B. 2000. Body building in Halkieria and comparisons with chitons and other molluscs. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 32(7):72.Google Scholar
Sdzuy, K. 1969. Unter- und mittelkambrische Porifera (Chancelloriida und Hexactinellida). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 43:115–147.Google Scholar
Vasil'yeva, N. I. 1985. [On the systematics of the Order Chancelloriidae Walcott, 1920 (incertae sedis) from the Lower Cambrian deposits of the western part of the Siberian Platform.] Trudy Instituta geologii i geofiziki (Novobisibirsk), 632:115–126.Google Scholar
Vasil'yeva, N. I., and Sayutina, T. A. 1988. [The morphological diversity of chancelloriid sclerites.] Trudy Instituta geologii i geofiziki (Novobisibirsk), 720:190–198.Google Scholar
Verill, A. 1869. Description of Echinomuricea. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 6:51.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1920. Middle Cambrian Spongiae. Smithsonian Institution Miscellaneous Collections, 67:261–364.Google Scholar