Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:11:26.203Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Maastrichtian Ammonites from the Biscay Region (France, Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2017

Peter D. Ward  and
W. James Kennedy
Peter D. Ward
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, AJ-20, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, U.S.A.
W. James Kennedy
Affiliation:
University Museum, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, United Kingdom
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Maastrichtian sediments exposed in the Bay of Biscay region at coastal sections at Zumaya and Sopelana, northern Spain, and Hendaye and Bidart, France, yield the most diverse Upper Maastrichtian ammonite faunas yet recovered. Thirty-two species/subspecies referred to 21 genera are described, one of which, Anapachydiscus terminus, is new. The ranges of all taxa are fully documented and provide the basis for a four-fold division of the uppermost Campanian and Maastrichtian, with zones of Pseudokossmaticeras tercense (oldest), Pachydiscus (P.) epiplectus, Anapachydiscus fresvillensis, and A. terminus (youngest). This represents the most refined, and first properly documented, ammonite zonation for the Maastrichtian of western Europe, and can be directly correlated with the belemnite zonation developed for the white chalks of northern Europe. The extinction of the last ammonites, documented here, occurred at relatively high standing diversity and appears to have been sudden and catastrophic.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 67 , Issue S34: The Paleontological Society Memoir 34: Maastrichtian Ammonites from the Biscay Region (France, Spain) , September 1993 , pp. 1 - 58
Copyright
Copyright © 1993, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alizade, A., Aliev, G. A., Aliev, M. M., Aliyulla, K., and Khaliev, A. G. 1988. Cretaceous faunas of Azerbaijan. Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, 1–454. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Anderson, F. M. 1958. Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific Coast. Geological Society of America Memoir, 71:1–378.Google Scholar
Arkell, W. J. 1950. A classification of the Jurassic ammonites. Journal of Paleontology, 24:354–364.Google Scholar
Atabekian, A. A. 1979. Correlation of the Campanian stage in Kopetdag and western Europe. Aspekte der Kreide Europas. IUGS Series A, 6:511–526.Google Scholar
Atabekian, A. A., and Akopian, V. T. 1969. Late Cretaceous ammonites of the Armenian SSR (Pachydiscidae). Izvestiya AN Armyanskoj SSR Nauki o Zemle, 6:3–20. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Atabekian, A. A., and Akopian, V. T. 1970. Late Cretaceous ammonites of the Armenian SSR (Pachydiscidae, Kossmaticeratidae and Scaphitidae). Izvestiya AN Armyanskoj SSR Nauki o Zemle, 5:31–42. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Baily, W. H. 1855. Discription of some Cretaceous fossils from South Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 11:454–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beznosov, N. V. 1958. Jurassic ammonites of the northern Caucasus and Crimea. Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina. Gostoptekhizdat, Leningrad, 1–118. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Bijvank, G. J. 1967. Über das Vorkommen von Inoceramen in Tertiär und das Alter der Schichtenfolge in einem Küstenprofil bei Guecho (Vizcaya, Nord-Spanien). Neues Jährbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1967:385–397.Google Scholar
Binkhorst, J. T. 1861. Monographie des gastropodes et céphalopods de la Craie Supérieure du Limbourg. Murquardt, Brussels, and Muller Frères, Maastricht, 321 p.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1957. Upper Cretaceous belemnites from Denmark. Biologiske Skrifter, 9:1–69.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1965. Ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of West Greeland. Meddelelser om Grønland, 179:1–192.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1979. The last Maastrichtian ammonites, p. 51–57. In Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium 1, The Maastrichtian and Danian of Denmark. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1982. Maastrichtian ammonites from Hemmoor, Niederelbe (NW Germany). Geologisches Jahrbuch, A61:13–33.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T. 1993. Ammonites from the Maastrichtian White Chalk in Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 40:33–81.Google Scholar
Birkelund, T., Hancock, J. M., Hart, M. B., Rawson, P. F., Remane, J., Robaszynski, F., Schmid, F., and Surlyk, F. 1984. Cretaceous stage boundaries—proposals. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:3–20.Google Scholar
Blasco de Nullo, G., Nullo, F., and Proserpio, C. 1980. Santoniano–Campaniano: estratigráfia y contenido ammonitifero, Cuenca Austral. Revista de la Associación Geológica Argentina, 35:467–493.Google Scholar
Blaszkiewicz, A. 1980. Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites of the Middle Vistula Valley, Poland: a stratigraphic-paleontologic study. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 92:1–63.Google Scholar
Böhm, J. 1927. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Senonfauna der Bithynischen Halbinsel. Palaeontographica, 69:187–222.Google Scholar
Bolli, H., Saunders, J., and Perch-Nielsen, K. (eds.). 1985. Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1,032 p.Google Scholar
Boule, M., Lemoine, P., and Thévenin, A. 1906. Paléontologie de Madagascar III Céphalopodes crétacés des environs de Diego-Suarez. Annales de Paléontologie, 1:173–192.Google Scholar
Breistroffer, M. 1947. Sur les zones d'ammonites dans l'Albien de France et d'Angleterre. Travaux du Laboratoire de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Grenoble, 26:17–104.Google Scholar
Brunnschweiler, R. O. 1966. Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Carnarvon Basin of Western Australia. 1. The heteromorph Lytoceratina. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Australia, 58:1–58.Google Scholar
Carez, L. 1896. Coupe des falaises de Biarritz et Bidart (Basses-Pyrénées). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 24:392–411.Google Scholar
Christensen, W. K. 1979. Maastrichtian belemnites from Denmark, p. 42–44. In Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium, 1, The Maastrichtian and Danian of Denmark. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Christensen, W. K. 1988. Upper Cretaceous belemnites of Europe: state of the art, p. 1–16. In Streel, M. and Bless, M. (eds.), The Chalk District of the Euregio Meuse-Rhine. Selected Papers on the Upper Cretaceous. Naturhistorisch Museum, Maastricht, Liège University.Google Scholar
Clauser, S. 1987. Évolution de la composition isotopique de l'oxygène des carbonatés durant le Campanien–Maastrichtien: données préliminaires de la série de Bidart (Pyrenées-Atlantiques). Compte Rendu Hebdomadaire des Séances de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 304:579–584.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1937. Les ammonites pyriteuses de l'Aptien d'Antanatanamirafy. Annales de Paléontologie, 17:107–132.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1938. Ammonites Campaniennes et Maastrichtiens de l'ouest et du sud de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines de Madagascar, 9:55–118.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1954. Ammonites néocrétacées du Menabe (Madagascar), III — Les Kossmaticeratidae. Travaux du Bureau Géologique, 62:1–59.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1956. Ammonites néocrétacées du Menabe (Madagascar) IV. Les Phylloceratidae. V. Les Gaudryceratidae. VI. Les Tetragonitidae. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines de Madagascar, 23:1–106.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1961. Ammonites néocrétacées du Menabe (Madagascar). VII. Les Desmoceratidae. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines de Madagascar, 31:1–115.Google Scholar
Collignon, M. 1971. Atlas des fossiles caractéristiques de Madagascar (Ammonites) XVII (Maestrichtien). Service Géologique, Tananarive, 44 p.Google Scholar
Conrad, T. A. 1855. Descriptions of eighteen new Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils. Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 7:265–268.Google Scholar
Daguin, F. 1948. L'Aquitaine Occidental. Géologie de France, 5:1–232.Google Scholar
Defrance, M. J. L. 1816. In Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traité méthodiquement des differents Etres de la Nature. Levrault, Paris, Strasbourg, 3:1–492.Google Scholar
Delacotte, O. 1982. Etude magnétostratigraphique et géochimique de la limite Crétacé-Tertiaire de la coupe de Bidart (Pyrénées-Atlantique). Thèse du 3ème cycle, University of Paris, 162 p.Google Scholar
Delacotte, O., Renard, M., Laj, C., Perch-Nielsen, K., Premoli-Silva, I., and Clauser, S. 1985. Magnétostratigraphie et biostratigraphie du passage Crétacé–Tertiaire de la coupe de Bidart (Pyrénées-Atlantiques). Géologie de France, 3:243–254.Google Scholar
Diener, C. 1925. Ammonoidea neocretacea. Fossilium Catalogus (1: Animalia), 29:1–244.Google Scholar
Dumont, A. H. 1832. Mémoire sur la constitution géologique de la province de Liège. Mémoires Couronnés par l'Academie Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 8:1–374.Google Scholar
Dumont, A. H. 1849. Rapport sur le carte géologique du Royaume. Bulletin de l'Académie Royale de Belgique. Classe des Sciences, 16:351–373.Google Scholar
Dundo, O. P. 1971. Maastrichtian fossils from the northern chalk. Scientific Research Institute of Arctic Geology, Ministry of Geology, SSSR, 84–92. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Favre, E. 1869. Déscription des Mollusques fossiles de la Craie des environs de Lemberg en Galicie. H. Georg, Geneva, 187 p.Google Scholar
Felder, W. M. 1975a. Lithostratigraphische Gliederung der Oberen Kreide in Süd-Limburg (Niederlands) und den Nachbargebieten. 1. Teil: Der Raum westlich der Maas, typusgebiet des “Maastricht.” Publicatiës van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg, 24:1–43.Google Scholar
Felder, W. M. 1975b. Lithostratigraphie van het Boven-Krijt en het Dano-Montien in Zuid-Limburg en het aangrenzende gebied. Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten Van Nederland: 63–72.Google Scholar
Forbes, E. 1846. Report on the Fossil Invertebrata from southern India, collected by Mr. Kaye and Mr. Cunliffe. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, 7:97–174.Google Scholar
Fritsch, A., and Kafka, J., 1887. Die Crustaceen der böhmischen Kreideformationen. Selbstverlag, Prague, 53 p.Google Scholar
Fucini, A. 1920. Fossili domeriani dei Dintornidi Taormina. Palaeontographica Italica, 26:75–116.Google Scholar
Gill, T. 1871. Arrangement of the Families of Mollusks. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 227:1–49.Google Scholar
Gomez de Llarena, J. 1954. Observaciones géologias en el flysch cretáceo-nummulitico de Guipuzcoa. I. Monografias del Instituto “Lucas Mallada” de Investigaciones Geologicas, 13:1–98.Google Scholar
Gomez de Llarena, J. 1956. Observaciones géologias en el flysch cretáceo-nummulitico de Guipuzcoa. II. Monografias del Instituto “Lucas Mallada” de Investigaciones Geologicas, 15:1–47.Google Scholar
Griesbach, C. L. 1871. On the geology of Natal in South Africa. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 27:53–72.Google Scholar
de Grossouvre, A. 1894. Recherches sur la craie supérieure, 2, Paléontologie. Les ammonites de la craie supérieure. Mémoires du Service de la Carte Géologique détaillée de la France, 264 p.Google Scholar
de Grossouvre, A. 1901. Recherches sur la craie supérieure, part 1, no. 2, Stratigraphie générale. Mémoires pour servir à l'explication la carte géologique détailée de la France: 561–1,013.Google Scholar
Haq, B., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. 1987. The chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235:1,156–1,166.Google Scholar
Haq, B., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. 1988. Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea level change. Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication. 42:73–108.Google Scholar
Hauer, F. von. 1858. Über die Cephalopoden der Gosauschichten. Bietrage zur Paläontologie von Österreich, 1:7–14.Google Scholar
Hauer, F. von. 1866. Neue Cephalopoden aus den Gosaugebilden der Alpen. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch–Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien, Cl. 53:300–308.Google Scholar
van der Heide, S. 1954. The original meaning of the term Maastrichtian (Dumont, 1849). Geologie en Mijnbouw. N.S., 16:509–511.Google Scholar
Henderson, R. A. 1970. Ammonoidea from the Mata Series (Santonian–Maastrichtian) of New Zealand. Palaeontological Society of London, Special Papers in Palaeontology, 6:1–82.Google Scholar
Henderson, R. A., Kennedy, W. -J., and McNamara, K. A. 1992. Maastrichtian heteromorph ammonites from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Alcheringa, 16:133–170.Google Scholar
Henderson, R. A., and McNamara, K. A. 1985. Maastrichtian non-heteromorph ammonites from the Miria Formation, Western Australia. Palaeontology, 28:35–88.Google Scholar
Herm, D. 1965. Mikropalälontologische–stratigraphische Untersuchungen in Kreideflysch zwischen Deva und Zumaya (Prov. Guipúzcoa, Nordspanien). Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 115:277–348.Google Scholar
Hillebrandt, A. von. 1965. Foraminiferen-Stratigraphie im Altertiär von Zumaya (Provinz Guipuzcoa, NW Spanien) und ein Vergleich mit anderen Tethys-Gebieten. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akadamie der Wissenschaft. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung, N.F., 123:1–62.Google Scholar
Hoepen, E. C. N. Van. 1920. Description of some Cretaceous ammonites from Pondoland. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 7:142–147.Google Scholar
Hoepen, E. C. N. Van. 1921. Cretaceous Cephalopoda from Pondoland. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 8:1–48.Google Scholar
Howarth, M. K. 1965. Cretaceous ammonites and nautiloids from Angola. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology), 10:335–412.Google Scholar
Hupsch, J. W. 1768. Neue in der Naturgeschichte des Niederdeutschlands gemachte Entdeckungen einiger selten und Wenig bekannten versteinerten Schalthiere. Metternichissche Buchhandlung, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 159 p.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1889. Genesis of the Arietidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 673:1–239.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1894. Phylogeny of an acquired characteristic. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 32:349–647.Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1900. Cephalopoda, p. 502–604. In von Zittel, K. (ed.), 1896–1900, Textbook of Palaeontology. Macmillan, London and New York [transl. by Eastman], C. R. Google Scholar
Hyatt, A. 1903. Pseudoceratites of the Cretaceous. U.S. Geological Survey Monograph, 44:1–351.Google Scholar
Immel, H., Klinger, H. C., and Wiedmann, J. 1982. Die Cephalopoden des Unteren Santon der Gosau von Brandenberg/Tirol, Österreich. Zitteliana, 8:3–32.Google Scholar
Jagt, J. M. 1987. Hoploscaphites constrictus (J. Sowerby, 1817). Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 41–2:1–5.Google Scholar
Jeletzky, J. A. 1951. Die Stratigraphie und Belemnitenfauna des Obercampan und Maastricht Westfalens, Norwestdeutschlands und Dänemarks sowie einige allgemeine Gliederungs-Probleme der jüngeren borealen Oberkreide Eurasiens. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 1:1–142.Google Scholar
Joly, B. 1970a. Les genres Phylloceras Suess, 1865 et Partschiceras Fucini, 1920. C. R. Sommaire des Séances du Société Géologique de France, fascicule 2:66–67.Google Scholar
Joly, B. 1970b. La classification des Phylloceratidae, essai de synthèse. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 12:384–389.Google Scholar
Joly, B. 1976. Les Phylloceratidae malagaches au Jurassique. Généralites sur les Phylloceratidae et quelques Juraphyllitidae. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, 67:1–471.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L. 1963. Upper Cretaceous (Campanian and Maastrichtian) ammonites from southern Alaska. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 432:1–55.Google Scholar
Jorge, E. 1936. El Eoceno de Vizcaya. Notas y Comunicaciones de Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espana, 6:91–101.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W. J. 1977. Ammonite evolution, p. 251–330. In Hallam, A. (ed.), Patterns of Evolution. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1986a. Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from northern Aquitaine, France. Palaeontological Association of London Special Papers in Palaeontology, 36, 145 p.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1986b. Upper Campanian and Maastrichtian ammonites from the Petites-Pyrénées, southern France. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 79:1,001–1,037.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1986c. The ammonite fauna of the Calcaire à Baculites (upper Maastrichtian) of the Cotentin Peninsula (Manche, France). Palaeontology, 29:25–83.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1986d. The Campanian–Maastrichtian ammonite sequence in the environs of Maastricht (Limburg, the Netherlands). Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 16:149–168.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1987. The ammonite faunas of the type Maastrichtian, with a revision of Ammonites colligatus Binkhorst, 1861. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 56:151–267.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J. 1989. Thoughts on the evolution and extinction of Cretaceous ammonites. Procedings of the Geologists Association, 100:251–279.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Cobban, W. A. 1993. Ammonites from the Saratoga Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Arkansas, USA. Journal of Paleontology, 67:404–434.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Klinger, H. C. 1977a. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Phylloceratidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 27:349–380.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Klinger, H. C. 1977b. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Tetragonitidae Hyatt, 1900. Annals of the South African Museum, 73:149–197.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Klinger, H. C. 1979. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite family Gaudryceratidae. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 31:121–174.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Summesberger, H. 1984. Upper Campanian ammonites from the Gischliefgraben (Ultrahelvetic, Upper Austria). Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich, 11:149–206.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Summesberger, H. 1986. Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Neuberg, Steiermark, Austria. Beiträge zür Paläontologie von Österreich, 12:181–242.Google Scholar
Kennedy, W.J., and Summesberger, H. 1987. Lower Maastrichtian ammonites from Nagoryany (Ukrainian SSR). Beiträge zur Paläontologie von Österreich, 13:25–78.Google Scholar
Kent, D., and Gradstein, F. 1985. A Cretaceous and Jurassic geochronology. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 76:1,419–1,427.Google Scholar
Khiami, N. M., and Murphy, M. A. 1988. Ontogenetic study of Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) onoense, Holcophylloceras aldersoni, and Phyllopachyceras theresae, Lower Cretaceous Phylloceratina (Ammonoidea) of California. Journal of Paleontology, 62:587–597.Google Scholar
Kilian, W., and Reboul, P. 1909. Les cephalopodes néocrétacés des îles Seymour et Snow Hill. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition, 3:1–75.Google Scholar
Klinger, H. C. 1976. Cretaceous heteromorph ammonites from Zululand. Memoir of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 69:1–142.Google Scholar
Kner, R. 1848. Versteinerungen des Kreidemergels von Lemberg und seiner Umgebung. Haidingers Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, 2:1–42.Google Scholar
Kossmat, F. 1895–1898. Untersuchungen über die Südindische Kreideformation. Beitrage zur Paläontologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients, 9 (1895): 97–203 (1–107); 11(1897): 1–46 (108–153); 11(1898): 89–152 (154–217).Google Scholar
Kullman, J., and Wiedmann, J. 1970. Significance of sutures in phylogeny of Ammonoidea. Paleontological Contributions, University of Kansas, 44:1–32.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. 1799. Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 1799:63–90.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. 1801. Système des Animaux sans vertebrès. Deterville, Paris, 432 p.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. P. 1822. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertebrès. Verdière, Paris, 7, 711 p.Google Scholar
Lamolda, M. A. 1988. The micropaleontology of the Zumaya section, p. 152–153. In Lamolda, M., Kauffman, E., and Walliser, O. (eds.), Paleontology and Evolution: Extinction Events. Revista española de paleontologie, no. extraordinario.Google Scholar
Lamolda, , Orue-Etxebarria, M. A. X., and Proto-Decima, F. 1983. The Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in Sopelana (Biscay, Basque-County). Zitteliana, 10:663–670.Google Scholar
Lamolda, M. A., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., and Wiedmann, J. 1981. Field Guide: Excursions to Coniacian–Maastrichtian of Basque-Cantabric basin. Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Geologiá, 14:1–53.Google Scholar
de Lapparent, J. 1918. Étude lithologique des terrains Crétacés de la région de Hendaye. Mémoires pour servir à l'explication de la Carte Géologique de France, 155 p.Google Scholar
Macellari, C. 1986. Late Campanian–Maastrichtian ammonite fauna from Seymour Island (Antarctic Peninsula). Paleontological Society Memoir, 18:1–55.Google Scholar
Machalski, M., and Walaszczyk, I. 1988. The youngest (uppermost Maastrichtian) ammonites in the middle Vistula valley, central Poland. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences, 36:67–70.Google Scholar
MacLeod, K. J., and Ward, P. D. 1990. Extinction patterns of Inoceramus (Bivalvia) based on shell fragment stratigraphy. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 247:509–518.Google Scholar
Marks, P. 1984. Proposal for the recognition of boundaries between Cretaceous stages by means of planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:163–169.Google Scholar
Marshall, P. 1926. The Upper Cretaceous ammonites of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 56:129–210.Google Scholar
Mathey, B. 1982. El Crétacio Superiór de Arco Vasco, p. 111–136. In El Cretácio de Espana. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid.Google Scholar
Mathey, B. 1987. The Paleogeographical evolution of the Basco-Cantabrian domain during the Upper Cretaceous, p. 1–16. In Lamolda, M. (ed.), Field Excursion of the K/T Boundary at Zumaya and Biarritz. Paleontologica et Evoluto: Exstinctionis Phoenomina, III, Journadas de Paleontologia. Leioa (Vizcaya), Octobre de 1987. Universidad de Pais Vasco, Bilbao.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1938a. Zelandites, a genus of Cretaceous ammonite. Japanese Journal of Geography and Geology, 15:137–148.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1938b. A biostratigraphic study on the Cretaceous deposits of the Naibuchi Valley, South Karahuto. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan, 14:190–194.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1942. A short note on the Japanese Cretaceous Phylloceratidae. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan, 18:674–676.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1959. Upper Cretaceous ammonites of California. Part II. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, Special Volume I, 172 p.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. 1972. A new gaudryceratine ammonite from Hokkaido. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 21:207–215.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T. and Obata, I. 1955. Some Upper Cretaceous Desmoceratids from Hokkaido and Saghalien. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 5:119–151.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1857. Descriptions of new organic remains from the Cretaceous rocks of Vancouver Island. Transactions of the Albany Institute, 4:37–49.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the upper Missouri country, p. 1–629. In Hayden, F., Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 9.Google Scholar
Mikhailov, N. P. 1951. [Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the southern part of European Russia and their importance for zonal stratigraphy (Campanian, Maastrichtian)]. Trudy Instituta Geologicheskikh Akademia Nauk SSSR, 129, (Geology Series 50), 143 p. [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Morton, S. G. 1834. Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Cretaceous Groups of the United States. Illustrated by nineteen plates, to which is added an appendix containing a tabular view of the Tertiary fossils discovered in America. Key and Biddle, Philadelphia, 88 p.Google Scholar
Mount, J. F., and Ward, P. 1986. Origin of limestone/marl alternations in the upper Maastrichtian of Zumaya, Spain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56:228–236.Google Scholar
Mourlon, M. 1878–1879. Mémoire sur les terrains Crétacés et Tertiaires, préparé par feu A. Dumont pour servir à la description de la carte géologique de la Belgique, édités par Michel Mourlon, Conservateur au Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle. 556 p. (1878); 439 p. (1878); 459 p. (1879). Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, Imprimeur F. Hayez, Bruxelles.Google Scholar
Naidin, D. P., and Shimansku, V. N. 1959. [Cephalopoda], p. 166–220. In Moskvina, M. (eds.), [Atlas of the Upper Cretaceous Fauna of the Northern Caucasus and Crimea]. Moscow, “NEDRA.” [In Russian.] Google Scholar
Nowak, J. 1911. Untersuchungen über die Cephalopoden der oberen Kreide in Polen. II. Teil. Die Skaphiten. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie. Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles. Série B Sciences Naturelles:547–589.Google Scholar
Nowak, J. 1913. Untersuchungen über die Cephalopoden der oberen Kreide in Polen. III. Teil. Bulletin de l'Academie des Sciences de Cracovie. Classe des Sciences Mathematiques et Naturelles. Série B. Sciences Naturelles:335–415.Google Scholar
Olivero, E. B., and Zinsmeister, W. J. 1989. Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island. Journal of Paleontology, 63:626–636.Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. d'. 1840–1842. Paléontologie française: Terrains crétacés. 1. Céphalopodes. Masson, Paris, 1–120 (1840); 121–430 (1841); 431–662 (1842).Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. d'. 1847. Paléontologie, Pls. 1–6 (Geologie Pls. 4–9). In de Dumont D'Urville, M., 1846–1854, Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l'Oceanie sur les corvelles L'Astrolabe et la Zelée pendant les années 1837–1838–1839–1840 sous le commandément de M. Dumont D'Urville Capitaine du Vaisseau. Pls. 1–9. de et Baudry, G. (eds.), Imprimerie de J. Claye et Cie, Paris.Google Scholar
Orbigny, A. d'. 1850. Prodrome de Paléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés. Masson, Paris, 2, 428 p.Google Scholar
Paläontologische Gesellschaft and Palaeontological Association. 1978. Introduction by O. S. Kuyl; Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous in South Limburg by J. P. M. T. Messen, J. Schumacker-Lambry and M. Vanguestaine: Excursion A, Lithology and stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous of eastern South Limburg and neighbouring Belgium and Germany by H. J. Albers et al. etc. Maastricht, 15 + 100 + 94 p.Google Scholar
Perch-Nielsen, K. 1979. Calcareous nannofossils at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary near Biarritz, France. Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium, University of Copenhagen, 2, Proceedings:151–155.Google Scholar
Percival, S. F., and Fischer, A. G. 1977. Changes in calcareous nannoplankton in the Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic crisis at Zumaya, Spain. Evolutionary Theory, 2:1–35.Google Scholar
Pervinquière, L. 1907. Études de paléontologie tunisienne. 1. Céphalopodes des terrains secondaires. Carte Géologique de la Tunisie, de Rudeval, Paris, 438 p.Google Scholar
Pethö, J. 1906. Die Kreide (Hypersenon) fauna des Peterwardeiner (Petervarader) Gebirges (Fruska Gora). Palaeontographica, 52:57–336.Google Scholar
Rat, P. 1959. Les Pays Crétacées Basco-Cantabriques. Publications de l'Université de Dijon, 18:1–525.Google Scholar
Redtenbacher, A. 1873. Die Cephalopodenfauna der Gosauschichten in den nordöstlichen Alpen. Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 5:91–140.Google Scholar
Reyment, R. A. 1958. Neubeschreibung der Redtenbacher'schen ammoniten-originale aus den Gosauschichten. Stockholm Contributions to Geology, 2:31–49.Google Scholar
Romein, B. J. 1962. On the type locality of the Maastrichtian (Dumont, 1849), the upper boundary of that stage and on the transgression of a Maastrichtian s.l. in southern Limburg. Mededlingen van de Geologische Stichting N.S., 15:77–84.Google Scholar
Salfeld, H. 1919. Über die Ausgestaltung der Lobenlinie bei Juraund Kreide-Ammonoideen. Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Göttingen, 3:449–467.Google Scholar
Salfeld, H. 1924. Die Bedeutung der Konservativstämme für die Stammesentwicklung der Ammonoideen. Leipzig, 16 p.Google Scholar
Schlotheim, E. F. von. 1813. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte Versteinerungen in geognostischer Hinsicht. Leonard's Taschenbuch fur die gesammte Mineralogie, 7:3–134.Google Scholar
Schlüter, C. 1871–1876. Cephalopoden der oberen deutschen Kreide. Palaeontographica, 21:1–120; 24:1–144.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. G. 1978. Zur Litho- und Biostratigraphie des Obercampan–Untermaastricht von Lägerdorf und Kronsmoor (SW-Holstein). Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 7:73–89.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. G. 1979. Morphometrisch-variationsstatistiche Untersuchungen zur Phylogenie der Belemnitengattung Belemnella im Untermaastricht NW Europas. Geologisches Jahrbuch A47, 157 p.Google Scholar
Schulz, M. G., and Schmid, F. 1983. Das Ober-Maastricht von Hemmoor (N-Deutschland): Faunenzonen Gliederung und Korrelationen mit dem Ober-Maastricht von Danemark und Limburg. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 13:21–39.Google Scholar
Seunes, J. 1890a. Recherches géologiques sur les terrains sécondaires et l'Eocène inférieur de la région sous-pyrénéenne du sud-ouest de la France (Basses-Pyrénées et Landes). Dunod, Paris, 250 p.Google Scholar
Seunes, J. 1890b. Contributions à l'étude des céphalopodes du Crétacé Supérieur de France. 1. Ammonites du Calcaire à Baculites du Cotentin. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France. Paléontologie, 1:1–7.Google Scholar
Seunes, J. 1891. Contribution à l'étude des Céphalopodes du Crétacé Supérieur de France. I. Ammonites du Calcaire à Baculites du Cotentin (Suite). II. Ammonites du Campanien de la région sous-pyrénéenne. Départment de Landes, Mémoires de la Société Geologique de France, Série Paléontologique, 2, Mémoire 2:8–22.Google Scholar
Shimizu, S. 1926. Three interesting Cretaceous ammonites recently acquired from Hokkaido and Saghalien. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan, 2:547–550.Google Scholar
Shimizu, S. 1934. [Ammonites], p. 1–137. In Shimizu, S., and Obata, T., [Cephalopoda.] Iwanami's Lecture Series of Geology and Palaeontology. [In Japanese.] Google Scholar
Shimizu, S. 1935. The Upper Cretaceous cephalopods of Japan. Part 1. Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute sec. 2, 2:159–226.Google Scholar
Sowerby, J. 1812–1822. The Mineral Conchology of Great Britain. The author, London, 383 p.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1921. On Upper Cretaceous Ammonoidea from Pondoland. Annals of the Durban Museum, 3:39–56.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1922. On the Senonian ammonite fauna of Pondoland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 10:113–147.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1925. On Senonian Ammonoidea from Jamaica. Geological Magazine, 62:28–32.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1926. On new ammonites from the English Chalk. Geological Magazine, 63:77–83.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1927. Revision of the Jurassic Cephalopod Fauna of Kachh (Cutch). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, (NS), 9, Memoir 2, Pt. 1:1–71.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1929. Corrections of cephalopod nomenclature. The Naturalist, 871:269–271.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1941. On Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ammonoidea from Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia. 26:41–57.Google Scholar
Spath, L. F. 1953. The Upper Cretaceous cephalopod fauna of Grahamland. Scientific Reports of the British Antarctic Survey, 3:1–60.Google Scholar
Steinmann, G. 1895. Die Cephalopoden der Quiriquinaschichten. Neues Jährbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Beilband 10:64–94.Google Scholar
Stephenson, L. W. 1941. The larger invertebrates of the Navarro Group of Texas (exclusive of corals and crustaceans and exclusive of the fauna of the Escondido Formation). University of Texas Bulletin 4101, 641 p.Google Scholar
Stinnesbeck, W. 1986. Zu den Faunistischen und Palökologischen Verhältnissen in der Quiriquina Formation (Maastrichtium) Zentrales-Chiles. Palaeontographica, A 194:99–237.Google Scholar
Stoliczka, F. 1863–1866. The fossil Cephalopoda of the Cretaceous rocks of southern India. Ammonitidae with revision of the Nautilidae etc. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, (1), Palaeontologica Indica, 3:41–56, (1863); (2–5), 57–106, (1864); (6–9), 107–154, (1865); (10–13), 155–216, (1866).Google Scholar
Suess, E. 1866. Über Ammoniten. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaft. Wien, 52 (for 1865), Abt., 1:71–89.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1970. Die stratigraphie des Maastricht von Dänemark und Norddeutschland aufgrund von Brachiopoden. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 1:7–16.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1972. Morphological adaptations and population structures of the Danish chalk brachiopods (Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous). Biologiske Skrifter. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 19, 57 p.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1975. Die Brachiopoden der Hemmoorer Schreibekreide. Paläontologisches Gesellschaft, 45, Jahresversammlung in Hannover, 1 p.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1979. Maastrichtian brachiopods from Denmark, p. 45–50. In Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium, I, The Maastrichtian and Danian of Denmark. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1982. Brachiopods from the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary sequence, Kronsmoor (NW Germany). Geologisches Jahrbuch, A61:259–277.Google Scholar
Surlyk, F. 1984. The Maastrichtian Stage in NW Europe, and its brachiopod zonation. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 33:217–223.Google Scholar
Thiedig, F., and Wiedmann, J. 1976. Ammoniten und Alter der höheren Kreide (Gosau) des Krappefeldes in Kärnten (Österreich). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Staatsinstitut in Hamburg, 45:9–27.Google Scholar
Van Der Tuuk, L. 1987. Scaphitidae (Ammonoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Limburg, the Netherlands. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 61:57–79.Google Scholar
Uhlenbroek, G. D. 1912. Het Krijt van zuid-Limburg. Jversl. Rijksopsp. Delfstophen:48–57.Google Scholar
Uhlig, V. 1894. Bemerkungen zur Gliederung karpathischer Bildungen. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien, 44:215–222.Google Scholar
Vasnicnek, Z. 1988. Die Oberkreide-Ammoniten (Maastricht) aus dem Abteufen des keinzichschachts der Grub Stanricn (Unterschlesian Decke, Äussere-Karpaten). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Naturalas, 73:71–81.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D. 1988. Maastrichtian ammonite and inoceramid ranges from Biscay Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary section. Revista Espanola de Paleontologiá, numero extraordinario:119–126.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D. 1990a. A review of Maastrichtian ammonite ranges, p. 519–530. In Sharpton, V. and Ward, P. (eds.), Global Catastrophes in Earth History. Geological Society of America Special Paper 247.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D. 1990b. The Cretaceous–Tertiary extinctions in the marine realm: a 1990 perspective, p. 425–432. In Sharpton, V. and Ward, P. (eds.), Global Catastrophes in Earth History. Geological Society of America Special Paper 247.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D., and Wiedmann, J. 1983. The Maastrichtian ammonite succession at Zumaya, Spain. Abstracts, Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Copenhagen, 1983:205–208.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D., Wiedmann, J., and Mount, J. F. 1986. Maastrichtian molluscan biostratigraphy and extinction patterns in a Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary section exposed at Zumaya, Spain. Geology, 14:899–903.Google Scholar
Wedekind, R. 1916. Über Lobus, Suturallobus und Inzision. Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 1916:185–195.Google Scholar
Whiteaves, J. F. 1903. On some additional fossils from the Vancouver Cretaceous, with a revised list of the species therefrom. Geological Survey of Canada, Mesozoic Fossils, 1:309–409.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1960. Le Crétacé supérieur de l'Espagne et du Portugal et ses céphalopodes. C. R. du Congrès des Sociétés Savantes-Dijon, 1959: Colloque sur le Crétacé supérieur français, 709–764.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1962a. Ammoniten aus der Vascogotischen Kreide (Nordspanien). 1, Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina. Palaeontographica, 118A:119–237.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1962b. Die systematische Stellung von Hypophylloceras Salfeld. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 115:243–262.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1964a. Unterkreide-Ammoniten von Mallorca 2. Lieferung: Phylloceratina. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch–Naturwissen–Schaftlichen Klasse. Akademie der Wissenschaft und Literatur, Mainz, 1963(4):149–264.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1964b. Le Crétacé supérieur de l'Espagne et du Portugal et ses céphalopodes. Estudios Geologicos Instituto Lucas Mallada, 20:107–148.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1966. Stammesgeschichte und System der posttriadischen Ammonoideen; ein Überblick. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 125:49–79; 127:13–81.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1969. The heteromorphs and ammonoid extinction. Biological Reviews, 44:563–602.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1981. In Lamolda, A., Rodriguez-Lazaro, J., and Wiedmann, J., Field Guide: Excursions to Coniacian–Maastrichtian of the Basque-Cantabric Basins. Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Geologiá, 14:1–53.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1986. Macro-invertebrates at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 8:397–409.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1987. The K/T boundary section of Zumaya, Guipuzcoa, p. 17–23. In Lamolda, M. A. (ed.), Field Excursion to the K/T Boundary at Zumaya and Biarritz. Paleontologia et Evoluto: Exstinctionis Phaenomina. III Journados de Paleontologia. Leioa (Vizcaya), Octobre de 1987. Universidad de País, Vasco, Bilbao, 33 p.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1988a. Ammonite extinction and the “Cretaceous–Tertiary Boundary Event,” p. 117–140. In Wiedmann, J. and Kullmann, J. (eds.), Cephalopods, Past and Present. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J. 1988b. The Basque coastal sections of the K/T boundary—a key to understanding “Mass Extinction” in the fossil record. Revista Espagnol de Paleontologia, Numéro Extraordinario:127–140.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, J., and Dieni, I. 1968. Die Kreide Sardiniens und ihre Cephalopoden. Palaeontographia Italica, 64:1–171.Google Scholar
Wisniowski, T. 1907. Über die Obersenone Flyschfauna von Leszczyny. Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients, 30:191–205.Google Scholar
Woods, H. 1906. The Cretaceous fauna of Pondoland. Annals of the South African Museum, 4:275–350.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W. 1952. A classification of the Cretaceous ammonites. Journal of Paleontology, 26:213–222.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W. 1957. [Cretaceous Ammonoidea], p. L1–L490. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. L, Mollusca 4, Cephalopoda Ammonoidea. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Wright, C. W., and Matsumoto, T. 1954. Some doubtful Cretaceous ammonite genera from Japan and Saghalien. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 4:107–134.Google Scholar
Yabe, H. 1921. Notes on some Cretaceous ammonites from Japan and California, p. 53–59. In Yabe, H. and Shimizu, S. Science Reports. Tohoku Imperial University, (2)5.Google Scholar
Yabe, H., and Shimizu, S. 1924. A new species of Brahmaites from the Upper Cretaceous of S. Saghalien, with some remarks on the genus Brahmaites . Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 76:77–80.Google Scholar
Yabe, H., and Shimizu, S. 1926. A study of the genus “Parapachydiscus“ Hyatt. Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan, 2:171–173.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. von. 1884. Handbuch der Palaeontologie. 1, Abt. 2; Lief 3, Cephalopoda, p. 359–522. R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig.Google Scholar
Zittel, K. A. von. 1895. Grundzüge der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie). R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Leipzig, 972 p.Google Scholar