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Hirnantia Fauna from the Condroz Inlier, Belgium: another case of a relict Ordovician shelly fauna in the Silurian?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2021

Sofia Pereira Open the ORCID record for Sofia Pereira [Opens in a new window] ,
Jorge Colmenar Open the ORCID record for Jorge Colmenar [Opens in a new window] ,
Jan Mortier ,
Jan Vanmeirhaeghe ,
Jacques Verniers ,
Petr Štorch ,
David Alexander Taylor Harper  and
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco Open the ORCID record for Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco [Opens in a new window]
Sofia Pereira*
Affiliation:
Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Jorge Colmenar
Affiliation:
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, Spain
Jan Mortier
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281/S8, Belgium
Jan Vanmeirhaeghe
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281/S8, Belgium
Jacques Verniers
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 281/S8, Belgium
Petr Štorch
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology AS CR, Praha, Czech Republic
David Alexander Taylor Harper
Affiliation:
Palaeoecosystems Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC, UCM) and Área de Paleontología GEODESPAL, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding author
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Abstract

The end-Ordovician mass extinction, linked to a major glaciation, led to deep changes in Hirnantian–Rhuddanian biotas. The Hirnantia Fauna, the first of two Hirnantian survival brachiopod-dominated communities, characterizes the lower–mid Hirnantian deposits globally, and its distribution is essential to understand how the extinction took place. In this paper, we describe, illustrate, and discuss the first macrofossiliferous Hirnantia Fauna assemblage from Belgium, occurring in the Tihange Member of the Fosses Formation at Tihange (Huy), within the Central Condroz Inlier. Six fossiliferous beds have yielded a low-diversity, brachiopod-dominated association. In addition to the brachiopods (Eostropheodonta hirnantensis, Plectothyrella crassicosta, Hirnantia sp., and Trucizetina? sp.), one trilobite (Mucronaspis sp.), four pelmatozoans (Xenocrinus sp., Cyclocharax [col.] paucicrenulatus, Conspectocrinus [col.] celticus, and Pentagonocyclicus [col.] sp.), three graptolites (Cystograptus ancestralis, Normalograptus normalis, and ?Metabolograptus sp.), together with indeterminate machaeridians and bryozoans were identified. The graptolite assemblage, from the Akidograptus ascensus-Parakidograptus acuminatus Biozone, indicates an early Rhuddanian (Silurian) age, and thus, an unexpectedly late occurrence of a typical Hirnantia Fauna. This Belgian association may represent an additional example of relict Hirnantia Fauna in the Silurian, sharing characteristics with the only other known from Rhuddanian rocks at Yewdale Beck (Lake District, England), although reworking has not been completely ruled out. The survival of these Hirnantian taxa into the Silurian might be linked to delayed post-glacial effects of rising temperature and sea-level, which may have favored the establishment of refugia in these two particular regions that were paleogeographically close during the Late Ordovician–early Silurian.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , November 2021 , pp. 1189 - 1215
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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