Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T12:32:10.335Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exogyra in Upper Cretaceous chalky strata of western Kansas, U.S.A.: a biogeographic enigma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Donald E. Hattin
Donald E. Hattin*
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 47905
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Upper cretaceous strata of the U. S. Gulf Coastal Plain are rich in species and numbers of Exogyra, which occurs in a wide range of facies including siliciclastics, marls, and chalks. Specimens of Exogyra belonging to numerous well-defined species are also common to abundant locally in Upper Cretaceous siliciclastic rocks at many localities within the U. S. Western Interior, but the genus is exceedingly sparse in marly and chalky rocks of the same region. Intensive collecting in the chalky outcrops of western Kansas has yielded only two specimens of Exogyra, which are notable not only for good shell preservation but also for uniqueness of their respective occurrence. One of these specimens was collected from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Figure 1), and the other was collected from the Fairport Member, Carlile Shale (Figure 1). Principal paleontological works that treat the Niobrara fauna, especially including those of Meek (1876), Stanton (1893), Logan (1898), Scott and Cobban (1964), Miller (1968), and Hattin (1982), make no mention of the genus in that formation. Hattin (1962) documented a lone occurrence of Exogyra in the Fairport Member of Kansas, and sparse occurrence of E. cf. E. suborbiculata Lamarck in the Fairport was recorded by Kauffman (1961), whose material was collected in Huerfano Park, Colorado, where the member is calcareous or marly shale. Stratigraphic occurrence of the two Kansas specimens is presented in Figure 1, which also depicts ranges of other Exogyra species that have been recorded in the Upper Cretaceous of western Kansas.

Type
Paleontological Notes
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , January 1995 , pp. 187 - 191
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bottjer, D. J. 1978. Paleoecology, ichnology, and depositional environments of Upper Cretaceous chalks (Annona Formation; chalk member of Saratoga Formation), southwestern Arkansas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, 424 p.Google Scholar
Cobban, W. A., and Scott, G. R. 1972. Stratigraphy and ammonite fauna of the Graneros Shale and Greenhorn Limestone near Pueblo, Colorado. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 645, 108 p.Google Scholar
Dane, C. H. 1929. Upper Cretaceous formations of southwestern Arkansas. Arkansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 1, 215 p.Google Scholar
Durham, C. O. Jr. 1957. The Austin Group in central Texas. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York, 513 p.Google Scholar
Frerichs, W. E., Atherton, C. C., and Shive, P. N. 1975. Planktonic foraminifera from the chalky members of the Niobrara Formation, Centennial Valley, Wyoming. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 5:294–312.Google Scholar
Frey, R. W. 1972. Paleoecology and depositional environment of Fort Hays Limestone Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous), west-central Kansas. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 58 (Cretaceous 3), 72 p.Google Scholar
Frey, R. W., and Bromley, R. G. 1985. Ichnology of American chalks: the Selma Group (Upper Cretaceous), western Alabama. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 22:801–828.Google Scholar
Hattin, D. E. 1962. Stratigraphy of the Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 156, 155 p.Google Scholar
Hattin, D. E. 1975. Stratigraphy and depositional environment of Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 209, 128 p.Google Scholar
Hattin, D. E. 1982. Stratigraphy and depositional environment of Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of the type area, western Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 225, 108 p.Google Scholar
Hattin, D. E. 1986. Carbonate substrates of the late Cretaceous sea, central Great Plains and southern Rocky Mountains. Palaios, 1:347–367.Google Scholar
Hattin, D. E., and Hirt, D. S. 1991. Paleoecology of scalpellomorph cirripeds in the Fairport Member, Carlile Shale (Middle Turonian), of central Kansas. Palaios, 6:553–563.Google Scholar
Jewell, P. W. 1993. Water column stability, residence times, and anoxia in the Cretaceous North American seaway. Geology, 21:579–582.Google Scholar
Jones, D. E. 1967. The Selma Group of west Alabama, p. 26–32. In Jones, D. E. (ed.), Geology of the Coastal Plain of Alabama. A Guidebook for 80th Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, New Orleans, Louisiana.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1961. Mesozoic paleontology and stratigraphy, Huerfano Park, Colorado. Unpubl. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 734 p.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1977. Geological and biological overview: Western Interior Cretaceous basin. The Mountain Geologist, 14:75–99.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1984. Paleobiogeography and evolutionary response dynamic in the Cretaceous Western Interior seaway of North America, p. 273–306. In Westerman, G. E. G. (ed.), Jurassic-Cretaceous biochronology and paleogeography of North America. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper Number 27.Google Scholar
Logan, W. N. 1898. The invertebrates of the Benton, Niobrara and Fort Pierre groups. University Geological Survey of Kansas, 4(7):431–518.Google Scholar
Marks, E. 1950. Biostratigraphy of the Jonah quadrangle, Williamson County, Texas. Unpubl. , , Austin, 140 p.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1876. A report on the invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils of the Upper Missouri country. U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories, 9, 629 p.Google Scholar
Miller, H. W. 1968. Invertebrate fauna and environment of deposition of the Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous) of Kansas. Fort Hays Studies—New Series, Science Series, 8, 90 p.Google Scholar
Pessagno, E. A. Jr. 1969. Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the western Gulf Coast area of Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas. Geological Society of America, Memoir 111, 139 p.Google Scholar
Pratt, L. M. 1984. Influence of paleoenvironmental factors on preservation of organic matter in middle Cretaceous Greenhorn Formation, Pueblo, Colorado. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 68:1146–1159.Google Scholar
Reeside, J. B. Jr. 1957. Paleoecology of the Cretaceous seas of the Western Interior United States, p. 505–541. In Ladd, H. S. (ed.), Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleoecology, Volume 2, Paleoecology. Geological Society of America, Memoir 67.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R., and Cobban, W. A., 1964. Stratigraphy of the Niobrara Formation at Pueblo, Colorado. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 454–L, 30 p.Google Scholar
Scott, G. R., and Cobban, W. A., 1986. Geologic, biostratigraphic, and structure map of the Pierre Shale between Loveland and Round Butte, Colorado. U. S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series, Map 1–1700.Google Scholar
Stanton, T. W. 1893. The Colorado formation and its invertebrate fauna. U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 106, 288 p.Google Scholar
Stephenson, L. W. 1914. Cretaceous deposits of the eastern Gulf region and species of Exogyra from the eastern Gulf region and the Carolinas. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 81, 77 p.Google Scholar
Stephenson, L. W. 1956. Fossils from the Eutaw Formation Chattahoochee River region, Alabama-Georgia. U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 274–J:227–250.Google Scholar
Williams, G. D., and Stelck, C. R., 1975. Speculations on the Cretaceous paleogeography of North America, p. 1–20. In Caldwell, W. G. E. (ed.), The Cretaceous System in the Western Interior of North America, Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper Number 13.Google Scholar
Woods, H. 1913. A monograph of the Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of England, Volume 2, Part 9. Palaeontographical Society, 66:341–473.Google Scholar
Wright, E. K. 1987. Stratification and paleocirculation of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 99:480–490.Google Scholar
Young, K. 1963. Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Gulf Coast of the United States: University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Publication No. 6304, 371 p.Google Scholar