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Drilling predation on spatangoid echinoids from the Miocene of Sardinia: a taphonomic and paleoecological perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2022

Andrea Mancosu Open the ORCID record for Andrea Mancosu [Opens in a new window] ,
James H. Nebelsick Open the ORCID record for James H. Nebelsick [Opens in a new window]  and
Carla Buosi
Andrea Mancosu*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
James H. Nebelsick
Affiliation:
Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstrasse 94-96, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
Carla Buosi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, 09127 Cagliari, Italy Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Predation is of great importance in understanding the diversification of spatangoid echinoids as well as their preservation in the fossil record. Herein, the spatangoid-dominated Miocene carbonate succession of Punta Foghe (Montiferru area, central-western Sardinia, Italy) is studied with the aim of reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions and investigating abiotic and biotic factors, including predation, that influence the paleoecology and preservation potential of spatangoid echinoids.

The echinoid fauna is dominated by the spatangoid Agassizia and, to a lesser extent, the clypeasteroid Clypeaster. The fauna also includes both regular (undetermined diadematoids and camarodonts) and irregular (Plagiobrissus, Echinocyamus, and Koehleraster) forms. Echinoids and associated fossil content, along with taphonomic and sedimentological signatures, indicate an inner sublittoral environment with moderate energy conditions affected by high-energy events. Agassizia remains, which consist mainly of complete and well-preserved tests, commonly bear subcircular drill holes that are interpreted as the result of cassid gastropod predation and investigated with respect to size selectivity and stereotypy of attack sites. Potential biases related to drilling predation and biostratinomy on the preservation potential of spatangoid tests are discussed.

Agassizia lacks any morphological adaptation to minimize high predation risk, including defensive spines and the ability to burrow deeply into the sediment. An antipredator behavior possibly relied on a gregarious life-history strategy, reducing the frequency of attacks on specific individuals by cassid predators.

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Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 96 , Issue 5 , September 2022 , pp. 1132 - 1148
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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