Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T18:08:00.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Crinoids from the Upper Ashgill (Upper Ordovician) of Wales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Stephen K. Donovan
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
Cornelis J. Veltkamp
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 3BX, England

Abstract

A collection of small crinoids and crinoid debris from the Ashgill (Rawtheyan?) of Cnwce, near St. Clears, Dyfed, southwest Wales includes numerous crowns of Aithriocrinus strahani n. gen. and sp. incertae familiae, an indeterminate 10–armed camerate(?) and an indeterminate multiple-armed camerate. Aithriocrinus strahani was previously considered to be a cincinnaticrinid, but it is undoubtedly dicyclic and therefore a cladid. This is the only diverse fauna of complete crinoids known from the Welsh Ashgill.

The monobathrid camerate Xenocrinus S. A. Miller is easily recognized from its disarticulated columnals, which are square in outline. Xenocrinus columnals are now recognized from three Hirnantian localities in Wales. Xenocrinus became extinct during the Hirnantian and not at the Rawtheyan–Hirnantian boundary, as has been suggested on the basis of crown material.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J. 1985. Echinoderm role in the history of Phanerozoic tiering in suspension-feeding communities, p. 311. In Keegan, B. F. and O'Connor, B. D. S. (eds.), Echinodermata: Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, 24–29 September, 1984. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Bassett, D. A. 1976. Wales, p. 1439. In Williams, A., Strachan, I., Bassett, D. A., Dean, W. T., Ingham, J. K., Wright, A. D., and Whittington, H. B., A Correlation of the Ordovician Rocks in the British Isles. Special Report of the Geological Society, London, 3.Google Scholar
Bather, F. A. 1899. A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1898:917923.Google Scholar
Bengtson, P. 1988. Open nomenclature. Palaeontology, 31:223227.Google Scholar
Brenchley, P. J. 1989. The late Ordovician extinction, p. 104132. In Donovan, S. K. (ed.), Mass Extinctions: Processes and Evidence. Belhaven Press, London.Google Scholar
Brett, C. E. 1981. Terminology and functional morphology of attachment structures in pelmatozoan echinoderms. Lethaia, 14:343370.Google Scholar
Brower, J. C. 1974. Upper Ordovician xenocrinids (Crinoidea, Camerata) from Scotland. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 67:125.Google Scholar
Cocks, L. R. M., and Price, D. 1975. The biostratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian of south-west Dyfed, with comments on the Hirnantia fauna. Palaeontology, 18:703724.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1983. Tetrameric crinoid columnals from the Ordovician of Wales. Palaeontology, 26:845849.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1984a. Ramseyocrinus and Ristnacrinus from the Ordovician of Britain. Palaeontology, 27:623634.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1984b. Stem morphology of the Recent crinoid Chladocrinus (Neocrinus) decorus . Palaeontology, 27:825841.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1985. A cladid inadunate crinoid from the Ordovician Tramore Limestone of County Waterford. Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, 7:913.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1986. Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles, Part 1. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 138(568):168.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1988. The British Ordovician crinoid fauna. Lethaia, 21:424.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1989a. The signficance of the British Ordovician crinoid fauna. Modern Geology, 13:243255.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1989b. Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles, Part 2. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 142(580):69114.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1991a. The crinoid Xenocrinus as a key element of the Hirnantia fauna. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 23(3):10.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1991b. The taphonomy of echinoderms: calcareous multi-element skeletons in the marine environment, p. 241269. In Donovan, S. K. (ed.), The Processes of Fossilization. Belhaven Press, London.Google Scholar
Donovan, S. K. 1992. A new crinoid from the Ashgill (Upper Ordovician) Threave Glen Starfish Bed. Scottish Journal of Geology, 28:123126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, J. D. 1988. Late Ordovician extinction of North American and British crinoids. Lethaia, 21:147167.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., and Smith, D. G. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 263 p.Google Scholar
Harper, D. A. T. 1982a. The stratigraphy of the Drummuck Group (Ashgill), Girvan. Geological Journal, 17:251277.Google Scholar
Harper, D. A. T. 1982b. The late Ordovician Lady Burn Starfish Beds of Girvan. Proceedings of the Geological Society of Glasgow, Sessions 122/123 for 1980–1981:2832.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. M. 1986. Classification and evolution of class Crinoidea. Abstracts, Fourth North American Paleontological Convention, Boulder, Colorado, 12–15 August:A23.Google Scholar
Matthews, S. C. 1973. Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists. Palaeontology, 16:713719.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1872. Descriptions of two new star-fishes, and a crinoid, from the Cincinnati group of Ohio and Indiana. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 3:257262.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1873. Descriptions of invertebrate fossils of the Silurian and Devonian systems. Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio, Volume 1, Geology and Palaeontology, Part II, Palaeontology:1243.Google Scholar
Miller, J. S. 1821. A Natural History of the Crinoidea or Lily-Shaped Animals, with Observations on the Genera Asteria, Eurayle, Comatula and Marsupites . Bryan and Co., Bristol, 150 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1881. Description of some new and remarkable crinoids and other fossils of the Hudson River Group and notice of Strotocrinus bloomfieldensis . Journal of the Cincinnati Society for Natural History, 4:6977.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1890. The structure, classification and arrangement of American crinoids into families. American Geologist, 275286, 340–357.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., Jeffords, R. M., and Miller, T. H. 1968. Morphological features of crinoid columns. University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 8:130.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R. 1943. Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 46:1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsbottom, W. H. C. 1961. The British Ordovician Crinoidea. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London, 114(492):137.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M., and Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1982. Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record. Science, 215:15011503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rong, Jia-Yu, and Harper, D. A. T. 1988. A global synthesis of the latest Ordovician Hirnantian brachiopod faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 79:383402.Google Scholar
Ross, R. J. Jr., et al. 1982. The Ordovician System in the United States. International Union of Geological Sciences, Publication 12:173.Google Scholar
Signor, P. W. III, and Lipps, J. H. 1982. Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 190:291296.Google Scholar
Strahan, A., Cantrill, T. C., Dixon, E. E. L., and Thomas, H. H. 1909. The Geology of the South Wales Coal-Field. Part X. The Country Around Carmarthen, Being an Account of the Region Comprised in Sheet 229 of the Map. Memoirs of the Geological Survey, HMSO, London, 177 p.Google Scholar
Stukalina, G. A. 1978. Tsistoidei i morskie lilii. In Sokolov, B. S. and Yolkin, E. A. (eds.), Pogranichnie sloi ordovika i silura Altae-Sayanskoi oblasti i Tyan-Shanya. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, 397:145172, 203–207 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Stukalina, G. A. 1980a. Novie predstaviteli kvadrilaterat iz ordovika Kazakhstana, Urala i Vosto-Evropeiskol platformi, p. 8895. In Stukalina, G. A. (ed.), Novie vididrevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR, Vyp. 5. Akaedmiia Nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut [in Russian].Google Scholar
Stukalina, G. A. 1980b. Klass Krinoidei, p. 170173. In Bandaletov, S. M. (ed.), Granitsa Ordovika i Silura v Kazakhstana. Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR, Alma Ata [in Russian].Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978a. Skeletal morphology of fossil crinoids, p. T58T216. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Ubaghs, G. 1978b. Camerata, p. T408T519. In Moore, R. C. and Teichert, C. (eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2(2). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. 1879. Descriptions of new genera and species of fossils from the Lower Silurian about Cincinnati. Journal of the Cincinnati Society for Natural History, 2:830.Google Scholar
Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F. 1885. Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea, Part 3, Section 1. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1885:223364.Google Scholar
Warn, J., and Strimple, H. L. 1977. The disparid inadunate superfamilies Homocrinacea and Cincinnaticrinacea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), Ordovician–Silurian, North America. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 72(296):1138.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1973. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1942–1968. Geological Society of America Memoir 137, 341 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1974. Crinoid pluricolumnal noditaxis patterns. Journal of Paleontology, 48:12831288.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1977. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1969–1973. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 8, 235 p.Google Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1986. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1974–1980. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 16, 405 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, G. D. 1988. Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids and coronate echinoderms, 1981–1985. Geological Society of America Microform Publication 18, 235 p.Google Scholar
Williams, A., and Wright, A. D. 1981. The Ordovician–Silurian boundary in the Garth area of southwest Powys, Wales. Geological Journal, 16:139.Google Scholar