Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T02:36:35.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ordovician rhipidognathid conodonts from Australia and Iran

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Yong Y. Zhen ,
Robert S. Nicoll ,
Ian G. Percival ,
Mir Alireza Hamedi  and
Ian Stewart
Yong Y. Zhen
Affiliation:
1Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
Robert S. Nicoll
Affiliation:
2Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
Ian G. Percival
Affiliation:
3Geological Survey of New South Wales, P.O. Box 76, Lidcombe, New South Wales 2141, Australia
Mir Alireza Hamedi
Affiliation:
46 Vaezi-Toobaee Street, Shemiran 19339, Tehran, Iran
Ian Stewart
Affiliation:
5School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on specimens from Australia and Iran, five species of rhipidognathid conodonts, Appalachignathus delicatulus Bergström, Carnes, Ethington, Votaw, and Wigley, 1974, Bergstroemognathus extensus (Graves and Ellison, 1941), B. hubeiensis An (MS) in An, Chen, and Li, 1981, B. kirki Stait and Druce, 1993, and Rhipidognathus? yichangensis (Ni, 1981), are described and revised in terms of multielement morphology. All three genera comprising the Rhipidognathidae are interpreted as having a septimembrate apparatus, partially confirmed by bedding plane assemblages of B. extensus from Victoria. Occurrence of A. delicatulus in allochthonous limestones (about the Middle-Upper Ordovician boundary) of central New South Wales is the first record of the species outside North America. Recognition of Rhipidognathus? yichangensis in Early Ordovician strata of the Canning Basin, reinforces biogeographic affinities of Australia and South China. The three described species of Bergstroemognathus are mainly restricted to late Early Ordovician strata. Bergstroemognathus extensus is widely distributed in North America, western Argentina (Precordillera), China, and Australia. Bergstroemognathus hubeiensis, described from east-central Iran, has been previously recorded only from China, while the slightly younger B. kirki seems endemic to central and northern Australia, where it was restricted to shallow, warm water environments. In contrast, B. extensus and B. hubeiensis inhabited a spectrum of water depths from shallow to deep.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 75 , Issue 1 , January 2001 , pp. 186 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Present address: Division of Earth & Planetary Sciences, The Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney New South Wales 2010, Australia <[email protected]>

References

Albanesi, G. L., Hünicken, M. A., and Barnes, C. R. 1998. Bioestratigrafia, biofacies y taxonomia de conodontes de las secuencias Ordovicicas del cerro potrerillo, Precordillera central de San Juan, R. Argentina. Cordoba, Republica Argentina, 249 p.Google Scholar
An, T. X. 1987. Early Paleozoic conodonts from South China. Beijing University, Beijing, 238 p. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
An, T. X., and Xu, B. Z. 1984. Ordovician System and conodonts of Tungshan and Xianning, Hubei. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 5:73–87. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
An, T. X., and Zheng, S. C., 1990. The conodonts of the marginal areas around the Ordos Basin, North China. Science Press, Beijing, 199 p. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
An, T. X., Du, G. Q., and Gao, Q. Q. 1985. Ordovician conodonts from Hubei. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 64 p. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
An, T. X., Du, G. Q., Gao, Q. Q., Chen, X. B., and Li, W. T. 1981. Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the Huanghuachang area of Yichang, Hubei, p. 105–113. In Micropalaeontological Society of China (ed.), Selected Papers of the First Symposium. Science Press, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
An, T. X., Zhang, F., Xiang, W. D., Zhang, Y. Q., Xu, W. H., Zhang, H. J., Jiang, D. B., Yang, C. S., Lin, L. D., Cui, Z. T., and Yang, X. C. 1983. The conodonts in North China and adjacent regions. Science Press, Beijing, 223 p. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Banks, M. R., and Burrett, C. R. 1980. A preliminary Ordovician biostratigraphy of Tasmania. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 26:363–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, C. R., Ji, Z. L., and Pohler, S. M. L. 1991. A review of Ordovician conodont paleontology of the Canadian Cordillera. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 417:27–39.Google Scholar
Bauer, J. A. 1987. Conodonts and conodont biostratigraphy of the McLish and Tulip Creek Formations (Middle Ordovician) of south-central Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 141, 58 p.Google Scholar
Bauer, J. A. 1994. Conodonts from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician), south-central Oklahoma. Journal of Paleontology, 68:358–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergström, S. M., Carnes, J. B., Ethington, R. L., Votaw, R. B., and Wigley, P. B. 1974. Appalachignathus, a new multielement conodont genus from the Middle Ordovician of North America. Journal of Paleontology, 48:227–235.Google Scholar
Branson, E. R., Mehl, M. G., and Branson, C. C. 1951. Richmond conodonts of Kentucky and Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, 25:1–17.Google Scholar
Burrett, C. R. 1978. Middle-Upper Ordovician conodonts and stratigraphy of the Gordon Limestone Sub-group, Tasmania. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Tasmania, 342 p.Google Scholar
Cas, R. A. F., and VandenBerg, A. H. M. 1988. Chapter 3, Ordovician, p. 63–102. In Douglas, J. G. and Ferguson, J. A. (eds.), Geology of Victoria. Victorian Division, Geological Society of Australia Incorporated, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Chen, X. Y., and Qiu, J. Y. 1986. Ordovician palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Yichang area, W. Hubei. Journal of Stratigraphy, 10:1–15. (In Chinese with English abstract)Google Scholar
Chen, X. Y., Peng, M. H., and Jin, C. S. 1995. Lower Ordovician conodonts from Tudi'ao, Yanhe County, Guizhou. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 12:323–332.Google Scholar
Clark, D. L., Sweet, W. C., Bergström, S. M., Klapper, G., Austin, R. L., Rhodes, F. H. T., Müller, K. J., Ziegler, W., Lindström, M., Miller, J. F., and Harris, A. G. 1981. Conodonta, 202 p. In Robison, R. A. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part W, Miscellanea, supplement 2. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Cooper, B. J. 1975. Multielement conodonts from the Brassfield Limestone (Silurian) of southern Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 49:984–1008.Google Scholar
Cooper, B. J. 1981. Early Ordovician conodonts from the Horn Valley Siltstone, central Australia. Palaeontology, 24:147–183.Google Scholar
Ethington, R. L., Lehnert, O., and Repetski, J. E. 2000. Stiptognathus new genus (Conodonta: Ibexian, Lower Ordovician), and the apparatus of Stiptognathus borealis (Repetski, 1982). Journal of Paleontology, 74:92–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ethington, R. L, Finney, S. C., Miller, J. F., Ross, R. J. Jr., and Valdes-Camin, C. 1995. Pre-meeting trip—central Great Basin transect, p. 1–50. In Cooper, J. D. (ed.), Ordovician of the Great Basin: Fieldtrip guidebook and volume for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton CA.Google Scholar
Graves, R. W., and Ellison, S. 1941. Ordovician conodonts of the Marathon Basin, Texas. University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, Bulletin, Ser. 14:1–26.Google Scholar
Guppy, D. G., and Öpik, A. A. 1950. Discovery of Ordovician rocks, Kimberley Division, W.A. Australian Journal of Science, 12:205–206.Google Scholar
Hamedi, M. A. 1995. Lower Palaeozoic sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Kerman region, East-Central Iran. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Wollongong, 176 p.Google Scholar
Hamedi, M. A., Wright, A. J., Aldridge, R. J., Boucot, A. J., Bruton, D. L., Chatterton, B. D. E., Jones, P., Nicoll, R. S., Rickards, R. B., and Ross, J. R. P. 1997. Cambrian to Silurian of East-Central Iran: New biostratigraphic and biogeographic data. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläeontologie, Monatshefte, 1997:412–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hünicken, M. A., and Rao, R. I. 1988. Algunos conodontes de la zona de Prioniodus elegans (Arenigiano inferior), Formacion San Juan, Los Berros, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina. IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia, Actas, 3:203–207; (Nov. 1986), Mendoza/Argentina.Google Scholar
Jeppsson, L. 1971. Element arrangement in conodont apparatuses of Hindeodella type and in similar forms. Lethaia, 4:101–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klapper, G. and Philip, G. M. 1971 Devonian conodont apparatuses and their vicarious skeletal elements. Lethaia, 4:429–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E. 1976. Early Ordovician (Arenigian) conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy of the Taconic allochthon, eastern New York. Journal of Paleontology, 50:614–646.Google Scholar
Landing, E., and Ludvigsen, R. 1984. Classification and conodont-based age of the Ordovician trilobite Ellsaspis (middle Arenigian, Ville Guay, Quebec). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 21:1483–1490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurie, J. R. 1991. Articulate brachiopods from the Ordovician and Lower Silurian of Tasmania. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 11:1–106.Google Scholar
Lehnert, O. 1993. Bioestratigrafia de los Conodontes Arenigianos de la Formacion San Juan en la localidad de Niquivil (Precordillera Sanjuanina, Argentina) y su correlación intercontinental. Revista Española de Paleontologia, 8:153–164.Google Scholar
Lehnert, O. 1995. Ordovizische Conodonten aus der Präkordillere Westargentiniens: Ihre Bedeutung für Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie. Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, 125:1–193.Google Scholar
Lehnert, O., Keller, M., and Bordonaro, O. 1998. Early Ordovician conodonts from the southern Cuyania terrane (Mendoza Province, Argentina), p. 47–65. In Szaniawski, H. (ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth European Conodont Symposium (ECOS VI). Palaeontologia Polonica, 58.Google Scholar
Lindström, M. 1970. A suprageneric taxonomy of the conodonts. Lethaia, 3:427–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindström, M. 1976. Conodont palaeogeography of the Ordovician, p. 501–522. In Bassett, M. G. (ed.), The Ordovician System: Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association symposium, Birmingham, September 1974. University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.Google Scholar
McTavish, R. A. 1973. Prioniodontacean conodonts from the Emanuel Formation (Lower Ordovician) of Western Australia. Geologica et Palaeontologica, 7:27–58.Google Scholar
Ni, S. Z. 1981. Discussion on some problems of Ordovician stratigraphy by means of conodonts in eastern part of Yangtze Gorges Region, p. 127–134. In Micropalaeontological Society of China (ed.), Selected papers on the 1st Convention of Micropalaeontological Society of China. Science Press, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Nicoll, R. S. 1992. Analysis of conodont apparatus organisation and the genus Jumudontus (Conodonta), a coniform–pectiniform apparatus structure from the Early Ordovician. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 13:213–228.Google Scholar
Nicoll, R. S., and Webby, B. D. 1996. Ordovician (Chart 2), p. 77–87. In Young, G. C. and Laurie, J. R. (eds.), An Australian Phanerozoic Timescale. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Nicoll, R. S., Laurie, J. R., and Roche, M. T. 1993. Revised stratigraphy of the Ordovician (Late Tremadoc-Arenig) Prices Creek Group and Devonian Poulton Formation, Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin, Western Australia. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 14:65–76.Google Scholar
Palmieri, V. 1978. Late Ordovician conodonts from the Fork Lagoons Beds, Emerald area, central Queensland. Geological Survey of Queensland Publication 369 (Palaeontological Paper 43), 31 p.Google Scholar
Pander, C. H. 1856. Monographie der fossilen Fische des Silurischen Systems der Russisch-Baltischen Gouvernements. Akademie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 91 p.Google Scholar
Percival, I. G., Morgan, E. J., and Scott, M. M. 1999. Ordovician stratigraphy of the northern Molong Volcanic Belt: new facts and figures. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Quarterly Notes, 108:8–27.Google Scholar
Pickett, J. 1978. Further evidence for the age of the Sofala Volcanics. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Quarterly Notes, 31:1–4.Google Scholar
Pohler, S. M. L. 1994. Conodont biofacies of Lower to lower Middle Ordovician megaconglomerates, Cow Head Group, Western Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin, 459:1–71.Google Scholar
Pohler, S. M. L., and Orchard, M. J. 1990. Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy, Western Canadian Cordillera. Geological Survey of Canada Paper, 90–15:1–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repetski, J. E. 1982. Conodonts from El Paso Group (Lower Ordovician) of westernmost Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Memoir 40, 121 p.Google Scholar
Rickards, R. B., Hamedi, M. A., and Wright, A. J. 1994. A new Arenig (Ordovician) graptolite fauna from the Kerman District, east-central Iran. Geological Magazine, 131:35–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rigby, J. K., Nitecki, M. H., Zhu, Z., Liu, B., and Jiang, Y. 1995. Lower Ordovician reefs of Hubei, China, and the Western United States, p. 423–426. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C. (eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton CA.Google Scholar
Ross, R. J., Hintze, L. F., Ethington, R. L., Miller, J. F., Taylor, M. E., and Repetski, J. E. 1993. The Ibexian Series (Lower Ordovician), a replacement for “Canadian Series” in North American chronostratigraphy. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 93–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serpagli, E. 1974. Lower Ordovician conodonts from Precordilleran Argentina (Province of San Juan). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 13:17–98.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H., Laurie, J. R., and Nicoll, R. S. 1995a. Correlation of selected Late Lancefieldian-Bendigonian (Early Ordovician) successions, p. 89–92. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C. (eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton, CA.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H., Laurie, J. R., and Nicoll, R. S. 1995b. Biostratigraphy of the Prices Creek Group (Early Ordovician, Late Lancefieldian-Bendigonian), on the Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin, Western Australia, p. 93–96. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C. (eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton CA.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H., Gorter, J. D., Nicoll, R. S., and Haines, P. W. 1991. Stratigraphy of the Pacoota Sandstone (Cambrian-Ordovician), Amadeus Basin, N. T., p. 1–14. In Shergold, J. H. (comp.), The Pacoota Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory: Stratigraphy and Palaeontology. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Australia. Bulletin, 237.Google Scholar
Smith, M. P. 1991. Early Ordovician conodonts of East and North Greenland. Meddelelser om Gr⊘nland, Geoscience, 26:1–81.Google Scholar
Stait, K., and Druce, E. C. 1993. Conodonts from the Lower Ordovician Coolibah Formation, Georgina Basin, central Australia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 13:293–322.Google Scholar
Stewart, I. R., and Fergusson, C. L. 1988. A Lower to Middle Ordovician age for the Hotham Group, eastern Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 100:15–20.Google Scholar
Stouge, S., and Bagnoli, G. 1988. Early Ordovician conodonts from Cow Head Peninsula, western Newfoundland. Palaeontographica Italica, 75:89–179.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1981. Macromorphology of elements and apparatuses, p. W5–W20. In Robison, R. A. (ed.), Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part W, Miscellanea, supplement 2. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1988. The Conodonta: Morphology, Taxonomy, Paleoecology, and Evolutionary History of a Long-Extinct Animal Phylum. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 212 p.Google Scholar
Tipnis, R. S., Chatterton, B. D. E., and Ludvigsen, R. 1978. Ordovician conodont biostratigraphy of the southern District of Mackenzie, Canada, p. 39–91. In Stelck, C. R. and Chatterton, B. D. E. (eds.), Western and Arctic Canadian Biostratigraphy. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 18.Google Scholar
VandenBerg, A. H. M., and Cooper, R. A. 1992. The Ordovician graptolite sequence of Australasia. Alcheringa, 16:33–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, C. Y. (ed.) 1993. Conodonts of the Lower Yangtze Valley—an index to biostratigraphy and organic metamorphic maturity. Science Press, Beijing. 326 p. (In Chinese with English Summary)Google Scholar
Wang, Z. H., and Bergström, S. M. 1995. Castlemainian (late Yushanian) to Darriwilian (Zhejiangian) conodont faunas. Palaeoworld, 5:89–91.Google Scholar
Wang, Z. H., and Bergström, S. M. 1999. Conodonts across the base of the Darriwilian Stage in South China. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 16:325–350.Google Scholar
Wang, Z. H., Bergström, S. M., and Lane, H. R. 1996. Conodont provinces and biostratigraphy in Ordovician of China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 35:26–59.Google Scholar
Webby, B. D. 1978. History of the Ordovician continental platform shelf margin of Australia. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia, 25:41–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webby, B. D. 1995. Towards an Ordovician Timescale, p. 5–9. In Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C. (eds.), Ordovician Odyssey: Short Papers for the Seventh International Symposium on the Ordovician System. Pacific Section, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), Fullerton, CA.Google Scholar
Webby, B. D. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 36:1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, Q. L., Ni, S. Z., Xu, G. H., Zhou, T. M., Wang, X. F., Li, Z. H., Lai, C. G., and Xiang, L. W. 1983. Subdivision and correlation on the Ordovician in the eastern Yangtze Gorges, China. Bulletin of the Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 6:1–68. (In Chinese and English)Google Scholar