Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T17:37:46.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New trigonioid bivalves from the Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula: systematics, paleoecology, and austral Cretaceous Paleobiogeography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Simon R. A. Kelly
Simon R. A. Kelly*
Affiliation:
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, U.K.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Newly discovered trigonioid bivalves are systematically described from the Late Albian of the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna includes Nototrigonia (Nototrigonia) ponticula Skwarko, N. (Callitrigonia) offsetensis n. sp., Eselaevitrigonia macdonaldi n. sp., Pterotrigonia (Pisotrigonia) capricornia (Skwarko), and Pacitrigonia praenuntians n. sp. It represents the first Albian trigonioid fauna described from the Antarctic. It is also the first published record of the Nototrigoniinae (excluding Pacitrigonia) outside Australasia. Paleoecologically, this fauna represents the shallowest and highest energy molluscan assemblage from the Fossil Bluff Group and occurs near the base of a significant transgressive unit, the Mars Glacier Member of the Neptune Glacier Formation. The paleogeography of Austral Cretaceous trigonioids is reviewed. Endemic centers are identified in India–east Africa, southern South America, and Australasia. Only one trigonioid genus, Pacitrigonia, had its origin in the Antarctic. During the earliest Cretaceous, cosmopolitan trigonioid genera occurred in Antarctica. In the mid-Cretaceous faunal similarity of Antarctica with Australasia was strong, and in the latest Cretaceous affinity with southern South America increased.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 69 , Issue 2 , March 1995 , pp. 264 - 279
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aitken, W. G. 1961. Geology and palaeontology of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of southern Tanganyika including an account of new Trigoniidae. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Tanganyika, 31:1–144.Google Scholar
Butterworth, P. J. 1991. The role of eustacy in the development of a regional shallowing event in a tectonically active basin: Fossil Bluff Group (Jurassic-Cretaceous), Alexander Island, Antarctica, p. 307–329. In Macdonald, D. I. M. (ed.), Sedimentation, Tectonics and Eustasy, Sea-level Changes at Active Margins. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication 12, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
Butterworth, P. J., Crame, J. A., Howlett, P. J., and Macdonald, D. I. M. 1988. Lithostratigraphy of Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous strata of eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica. Cretaceous Research, 9:249–264.Google Scholar
Butterworth, P. J., and Macdonald, D. I. M. 1991. Basin shallowing from the Mesozoic Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, p. 449–453. In Thomson, M. R. A., Crame, J. A., and Thomson, J. W. (eds.), Geological Evolution of Antarctica. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Camacho, H. H. 1967. Consideraciones sobre una fauna del Cretacico Superior (Maestrichtiano) del Paso del Sapo, Curso Medio del Rio Chubut. Ameghiniana, 5:131–134.Google Scholar
Cambridge Paleomap Services. 1992. Atlas, version 3. A mapping and global reconstruction system for personal computer. Cambridge Paleomap Services Ltd, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Collinson, J. D., and Thompson, D. B. 1982. Sedimentary Structures. George Allen and Unwin, London, 194 p.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1979a. A new species of Myophorella (Bivalvia, Trigoniidae) from the Sunday's River Formation, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 78(3):21–27.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1979b. Cretaceous Trigoniidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Brenton Formation, Knysna. Annals of the South African Museum, 78(6):49–67.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1988. A new species of trigoniid bivalve from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Zululand. South African Journal of Geology, 91:326–328.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1989a. The Gondwanic bivalve Pisotrigonia (family Trigoniidae) with description of a new species. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 63:241–250.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1989b. A new species of Linotrigonia (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Campanian of Zululand. Palaeontologia Africana, 26:100–103.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1990. A new genus of Rutitrigoniinae (Bivalvia, Trigoniacea) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of Zululand. Annals of the South African Museum, 99(3):23–29.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R. 1991. Lower Cretaceous Trigonioida (Mollusca, Bivalvia) from the Algoa Basin, with a revised classification of the order. Annals of the South African Museum, 100(1):1–52.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. R., Pérez d'A., E., and Reyes, R. B. 1989. The systematic position of Trigonia nepos Paulcke, 1903, and Paulckella, a new genus for the Aptian of Chile. Revista Geologica Chile, 16:51–59.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1952a. Notes on the Trigoniidae, with outlines of classification of the family. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 29:45–70.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1952b. The Jurassic fauna of Cutch (Kachh). No. 3, families Pectinidae, Amusiidae, Plicatulidae, Limidae, Ostreidae and Trigoniidae (Supplement). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 9, 3(4):1–128.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1953. Lower Cretaceous Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia and Annelida from Alexander Island (Falkland Islands Dependencies). Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey Scientific Reports, 4:1–14.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1961. The molluscan fauna and probable Lower Cretaceous age of the Nanutarra Formation of Western Australia. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 61:1–52.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1964. New genera and subgenera of Trigoniidae from Australia and Madagascar. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 36:49–53.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1969. Family Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819, p. N476–N488. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, P. N, Volume 1, Mollusca 6, Bivalvia. Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Crame, J. A. 1985. Lower Cretaceous inoceramid bivalves from the Antarctic Peninsula region. Palaeontology, 28:475–525.Google Scholar
Crame, J. A., Pirrie, D., Crampton, J. S., and Duane, A. M. 1993. Stratigraphy and regional significance of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Byers Group, Livingston Island, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 150:1075–1087.Google Scholar
Crame, J. A., Pirrie, D., Riding, J. B., and Thomson, M. R. A. 1991. Campanian–Maastrichtian (Cretaceous) stratigraphy of the James Ross Island area, Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 148:1125–1140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dall, W. H. 1889. On the hinge of pelecypods and its development, with an attempt toward a better subdivision of the group. American Journal of Science, 38(3):445–462.Google Scholar
Darragh, T. A. 1986. The Cainozoic Trigoniidae of Australia. Alcheringa, 10:1–34.Google Scholar
Darragh, T. A., and Kendrick, G. W. 1991. Maastrichtian Bivalvia (excluding Inoceramidae) from the Miria Formation, Carnarvon Basin, north Western Australia. Records of the West Australia Museum, Supplement, 36:1–102.Google Scholar
Doyle, P. 1987. The Cretaceous Dimitobelidae (Belemnitida) of the Antarctic Peninsula region. Palaeontology, 30(1):147–177.Google Scholar
Duff, K. L. 1978. Bivalvia from the English Lower Oxford Clay. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 137 p.Google Scholar
Edwards, A. R., Hornibrook, N. de B., Raine, J. I., Scott, G. H., Stevens, G. R., Strong, C. P., and Wilson, G. J. 1988. A New Zealand Cretaceous-Cenozoic geological time scale. New Zealand Geological Survey Record, 35:135–149.Google Scholar
Etheridge, R. Jr. 1902. The Cretaceous Mollusca of South Australia and the Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia, 2(1):1–54.Google Scholar
Feruglio, E. 1936–1937. Palaeontographica Patagonica. Memorie degli Intituti di Geologia dell'Università di Padova, 11:1–384.Google Scholar
Fleming, C. A. 1964. History of the bivalve family Trigoniidae in the southwest Pacific. Australian Journal of Science, 26:196–204.Google Scholar
Fleming, C. A. 1985. A new subgenus and two new subspecies of Nototrigonia (Bivelvia, Trigoniidae) from the Albian-Cenomanian of New Zealand, p. 57–60. In Lindsay, J. M. (ed.), Stratigraphy, Palaeontology, Malacology: Papers in Honour of Dr. Nell Ludbrook. Special Publication. Department of Mines and Energy, South Australia, 5, Adelaide.Google Scholar
Fleming, C. A. 1987. New Zealand Mesozoic bivalves of the superfamily Trigoniacea. New Zealand Geological Survey, Palaeontological Bulletin, 53:1–104.Google Scholar
Freneix, S. 1958. Contribution à l'étude des lamellibranches du Crétacé de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Sciences de la Terre, 4:153–207.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1969. The byssus of trigonian clams: phylogenetic vestige or functional organ? Journal of Paleontology, 43:1125–1129.Google Scholar
Gould, S. J., and Jones, C. C. 1974. The pallial ridge of Neotrigonia: functional siphons without mantle fusion. The Veliger, 17:1–7.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. R. A. 1988. Laevitrigonia cineris sp. nov., a bivalve from near the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary in the Durlston Formation (Purbeck Limestone Group) of Dorset. Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 109:113–116.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. R. A. 1993. Biofacies and biostratigraphic constraints on regression in the uppermost Fossil Bluff Group (Aptian–Albian), Alexander Island, Antarctica, p. 425–437. In Findlay, R. H., Unrug, R., Banks, M. R., and Veevers, J. J. (eds.), Gondwana Eight. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. R. A.In press A. The austral palaeobiogeography of an Early Cretaceous (Albian) trigoniid bivalve assemblage from the upper part of the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica. In Spaeth, C. (ed.), 4th International Cretaceous Symposium, Hamburg, 26 September–4 October 1992.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. R. A.In press A. The austral palaeobiogeography of an Early Cretaceous (Albian) trigoniid bivalve assemblage from the upper part of the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica. In Spaeth, C. (ed.), 4th International Cretaceous Symposium, Hamburg, 26 September–4 October In press A. The austral palaeobiogeography of an Early Cretaceous (Albian) trigoniid bivalve assemblage from the upper part of the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica. In Spaeth, C. (ed.), 4th International Cretaceous Symposium, Hamburg, 26 September–4 October In press B. Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous trigoniid faunas of the Antarctic Peninsula. Journal of Paleontology.Google Scholar
Kelly, S. R. A., and Moncrieff, A. C. M. 1992. Marine molluscan constraints on the age of Cretaceous fossil forests of Alexander Island, Antarctica. Geological Magazine, 129:771–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, W. J., and Klinger, H. C. 1975. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology), 25:265–315.Google Scholar
Kitchin, F. L. 1903. The Jurassic fauna of Cutch, the Lamellibranchiata; No. 1, Genus Trigonia. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, Series 9, 3(2):1–122.Google Scholar
Kitchin, F. L. 1908. The invertebrate fauna and palaeontological affinities of the Uitenhage Series. Annals of the South African Museum, 7(2):21–250.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T., and Mori, K. 1954. Studies on the Jurassic trigonians in Japan. Part II. Prosogyrotrigonia and the Trigoniinae. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 25:155–175.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T., and Nakano, M. 1957. On the Pterotrigoniinae. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 28:219–238.Google Scholar
Lamarck, J. B. de. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaus sans Vertèbres, 6(1). Verdière, Paris, 343 p.Google Scholar
Lambert, L. R. 1944. Algunas trigonias del Neuquén. Revista del Museo de la Plata, Section Paleontologia (N.S.), 2:357–397.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A. 1981. Una nueva especies de Myophorella (Trigoniidae–Bivalvia) del Cretácico Inferior de Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 18:1–9.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A. 1985. Maputrigonia, un nuevo genero de Trigoniidae (Bivalvia) del Berriasiano de Neuquén, Argentina. Boletin de la Acadamia Nacional de Ciencias, Cordoba, Argentina, 56:275–285.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A. 1993. Jurassic and Cretaceous trigoniid faunas from west-central Argentina. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 105(343):1–95.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A., and Casadio, S. 1991. Descripción de dos nuevas especies de Pacitrigonia Marwick y Austrotrigonia Skwarko (Trigoniidae; Bivalvia) en el Cretacico Superior del occidente de la provincia de la Pampa, Argentina. Revista Geologica Chile, 18:25–35.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A., and Garate Zubillaga, J. I. 1983. Una nueva subespecie de Trigonia carinata Ag. (Bivalvia) del Cretacico Inferior de Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 20:105–110.Google Scholar
Leanza, H. A., and Garate Zubillaga, J. I. 1987. Faunas de Trigonias (Bivalvia) del Jurasico y Cretacico inferior de la provincia de Neuquén, Argentina, conservados en el Museo Juan Olsacher de Zapala, p. 201–255. In Volkheimer, W. (ed.), Bioestratigrafia de los Systemas Regionales del Jurasico y Cretacico de America del Sur, Volume 1. Mendoza.Google Scholar
Levy, R. 1967. Revision de las Trigonias de Argentina. III. Los Pterotrigoniinae de Argentina. Ameghiniana, 5:101–108.Google Scholar
Levy, R. 1969. Revision de las Trigonias de Argentina. V. El Grupo de las Pseudoquadratae. Ameghiniana, 6:65–68.Google Scholar
Levy, R. 1985. Dos nuevas especies de Trigoniidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) en la Formacion Puesto El Alamo, Cretacico Superior (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Ameghiniana, 22:57–61.Google Scholar
Lebkuchner, R. 1932. Die trigonien des süddeutschen Jura. Palaeontographica, 77:1–119.Google Scholar
Little, J. de V. 1956. A new species of Trigonia from the Upper Cretaceous beds near the Infonggazi River, Natal. Palaeontologica Africana, 4:117–122.Google Scholar
Macdonald, D. I. M., and Butterworth, P. J. 1990. The stratigraphy, setting and hydrocarbon potential of the Mesozoic sedimentary basins of the Antarctic Peninsula, p. 101–125. In John, B. St. (ed.), Antarctica as an Exploration Frontier. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology, 31, Tulsa, Oklahoma.Google Scholar
Marwick, J. 1932. A new Trigonia from Canterbury. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 3:505–509.Google Scholar
Medina, F. A. 1980. Revision y origen de las trigonias del grupo de Islas James Ross. Contribución del Instituto Antártico Argentino, 247:108–126.Google Scholar
Medina, F. A. 1987. Megatrigoniinae del Albiano del Lago Cardiel, Provincia de Santa Cruz y Trigonia hyriiformis Wilckens del Cretacico Antartico (Bivalvia). Contribución del Instituto Antártico Argentino, 356:1–18.Google Scholar
Medina, F. A., and Del Vallé, R. 1980. La fauna senoniano de Cabo Marsh (Isla Robertson). Instituto Antartico Argentino, Contribucion, 262:99–111.Google Scholar
Moncrieff, A. C. M., and Kelly, S. R. A. 1993. Lithostratigraphy of the uppermost Fossil Bluff Group (Early Cretaceous) of Alexander Island: history of an Albian transgression. Cretaceous Research, 14:1–15.Google Scholar
Newton, R. B. 1909. Cretaceous Gastropoda and Pelecypoda from Zululand. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 1(1):1–106.Google Scholar
Olivero, E. B. 1987. Cefalopodos y bivalvos titoniana y hauteriviana de la formacion Lago La Plata, Chubut. Ameghiniana, 24:181–202.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1987. Nuevos antecedentes sobre Virgatotrigonia Alleman, 1985 (Bivalvia; Trigoniidae) y presencia de V. hugoi (Leanza) en Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 30:35–45.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1978. Las Trigonias del Cretácico Superior de Chile y so valor cronoestratigráfico. Boletín Instituto Investigaciones Geológicas Chile, 34:1–67.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1980. Buchotrigonia (Buchotrigonia) topocalmensis sp. nov. (Trigoniidae; Bivalvia) del Cretácico Superior de Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 9:37–55.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1983. Las especias del genero Anditrigonia Levy, 1967, en la colección Philippi. Revista Geologica de Chile, 18:15–41.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1986. Presencia de Buchotrigonia (Syrotrigonia) Cox, 1952 (Bivalvia; Trigoniidae) en sudamerica y descripción de dos especies nuevas. Revista Geologica de Chile, 28–29:77–93.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1989a. Catalogo analitico de los tipos de Trigoniae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) descritos por R. A. Philippi. Bolletin Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Minera, Chile, 41:1–50.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1989b. Dos nuevos especies del genero Paulckella Cooper et al. 1989 (Bivalvia; Trigoniidae) del Cretacico Inferior, norte del Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 16:217–227.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Reyes, R. B. 1991. El orden Trigonioida (Mollusca; Bivalvia) en el Mesozoico de Sudamerica, p. 72–76. In Pérez d'A., E. (ed.), 6 Congreso Geologico Chileno, Actas 1, Resumenes ampliados. Servicio Nacional de Geologia y mineria, Chile, Santiago.Google Scholar
Pérez, E. d'A., Biro, B. L., and Pérez, V. 1981. Clave de las especies y subespecies sudamericanas del genero Steinmannella Crickmay, 1930 (Trigoniidae–Bivalvia). Revista Geologica de Chile, 13–14:103–106.Google Scholar
Philippi, R. A. 1899. Los Fósiles Secondarios de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 104 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piatnttzky, A. 1938. Observaciones géologicias en el oeste de santa Cruz (Patagonia). Boletin de Informaciones Petroleras, 165:45–95.Google Scholar
Pringle, J. A. 1960. A new species of Trigonia from the Sundays River Beds of the Uitenhage Series, Cape Province. Annals of the Natal Museum, 15(8):82–92.Google Scholar
Rennie, J. V. L. 1936. Lower Cretaceous Lamellibranchia from northern Zululand. Annals of the South African Museum, 31:277–391.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B. 1970. La fauna de trigonias de Aisén. Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas Chile, Boletín, 26:1–39.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B. and Pérez, d'A. E. 1978. Las trigonias del titoniana y cretacico inferior de la cuenca Andina de Chile. Instituto de Investigaciones Geologicas de Chile, Boletin, 32:1–105.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B. and Pérez, d'A. E. 1979. Estado actal del conocimiento de la familia Trigoniidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) en Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile, 8:13–64.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B. and Pérez, d'A. E. 1982. El genero Anditrigonia Levy, 1967 (Mollusca, Bivalvia) en Chile. Congreso Geologico Chile, 3(A):289–301.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B. and Pérez, d'A. E. 1985. Myophorella (M.) hillebrandti sp. nov. (Bivalvia: Trigoniidae) del Neocomiano, norte de Chile. Revista Geologica Chile, 24:93–101.Google Scholar
Reyes, R. B., and Serey, I. 1981. Estudio sistematico y filogenetico de las especies sudamericanas del Genero Steinmannella (Trigoniidae; Bivalvia). Revista Geologica Chile, 12:25–47.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R. 1978. The North Pacific trigoniid genus Yaadia. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 119:1–65.Google Scholar
Savazzi, E. 1987. Geometric and functional constraints on bivalve shell morphology. Lethaia, 20:293–306.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1963. Australian Mesozoic trigoniids. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 67:1–54.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1966. Cretaceous stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Northern Territory. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 73:1–135.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1968. Lower Cretaceous trigoniidae from Stanwell, eastern Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 80:169–184.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1970. Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) “Apiotrigonia” from the Melligo Quartzite, Dampier Peninsula, W.A. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 108:227–235[dated 1969].Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1981a. Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) bivalves from northern Queensland. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 209:47–51.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1981b. A new upper Mesozoic trigoniid from western Papua New Guinea. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 209:53–56.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1981c. First report of Megatrigoniinae (Bivalvia, Cretaceous) from Papau New Guinea. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 209:57–58.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1981d. Nototrigonia cinctuta (Bivalvia, mainly Lower Cretaceous) from northern Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 209:59–61.Google Scholar
Skwarko, S. K. 1981e. On the Trigoniinae, Nototrigoniinae and Australotrigoniinae. Bulletin of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, 209:65–67.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1968. Post-Paleozoic adaptive radiation of infaunal bivalve molluscs—a consequence of mantle fusion and siphon formation. Journal of Paleontology, 42:214–229.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1977. Coadaptation in the Trigoniidae, a remarkable family of burrowing bivalves. Palaeontology, 20:869–899.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1978. Aspects of the adaptive morphology and evolution of the Trigoniidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B284:247–258.Google Scholar
Stoliczka, F. 1870–1871. Cretaceous faunas of southern India, Volume 3, The Pelecypoda. Geological Survey India, Palaeontologica Indica, 6(3):1–222(1870); 233–258 (1871).Google Scholar
Tashiro, M. 1979. A study of “pennate trigoniids” from Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, 116:179–222.Google Scholar
Tashiro, M., and Kano, M. 1989. On a new species of Yaadia (Cretaceous trigonian) from Kyushu, Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Series E, Geology, Volume 10:7–12.Google Scholar
Tashiro, M., and Matsuda, T. 1988. Mode of life in Cretaceous trigonians from the Izumi Mountains, southwest Japan. Fossils, Palaeontological Society of Japan, 45:9–21.Google Scholar
Tavani, G. 1942. Molluschi del Cretaceo della Somalia. Palaeontographia Italica, 32, Supplement, 4(2):7–47.Google Scholar
Taylor, B. J. 1972. Stratigraphical correlation in southeast Alexander Island, p. 149–153. In Adie, R. J. (ed.), Antarctic Geology and Geophysics. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.Google Scholar
Tevesz, M. J. S. 1975. Structure and habits of the “living fossil” pelecypod Neotrigonia. Lethaia, 8:321–328.Google Scholar
Thomson, M. R. A. 1982. A comparison of the ammonite faunas of the Antarctic Peninsula and Magallanes Basin. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 139:763–770.Google Scholar
Van Hoepen, E. C. N. 1929. Die Krytfauna van Soeloeland. 1 Trigoniidae. Paleontologiese Navorsing van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 1:1–38.Google Scholar
Weaver, C. F. 1931. Paleontology of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of west central Argentina. University of Washington Memoirs, 1:1–594.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, F. A. 1946. A marine Early Cretaceous fauna from Stanwell (Rockhampton District). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 57(2):1–15.Google Scholar
Wilckens, O. 1911. Die Anneliden, Bivalven und Gastropoden der antarktischen Kreideformation. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903, 3(12):1–132.Google Scholar
Willey, L. E. 1975. Upper Jurassic and lowest Cretaceous Trigoniidae (Bivalvia) from south-eastern Alexander Island. British Antarctic Survey Bulletin, 41/42:77–85.Google Scholar
Woods, H. 1917. The Cretaceous faunas of the northeastern part of the South Island of New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey, Palaeontological Bulletin, 4:1–41.Google Scholar
Zinsmeister, W. J., and Macellari, C. E. 1983. Changes in the macrofossil faunas at the end of the Cretaceous on Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 18(5):68–69.Google Scholar
Zinsmeister, W. J., and Macellari, C. E. 1988. Bivalvia (Mollusca) from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Geological Society of America, Memoir 169:253–284.Google Scholar