Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T16:06:02.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

New Early Devonian (late Emsian) placoderms from Belarus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2020

Dmitry P. Plax
Affiliation:
Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU), Nezavisimosti Avenue, 65, 220013, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Michael J. Newman*
Affiliation:
Vine Lodge, Vine Road, Johnston, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA62 3NZ, United Kingdom
*
*Corresponding author

Abstract

Four placoderm fishes are described from the Lepel Beds of the Vitebsk Regional Stage of the Lower Devonian (upper Emsian) of Belarus. Two forms are new (Stipatosteus svidunovitchi new genus, new species and Actinolepis zaikai new species) and the other two taxa are left in open nomenclature (Coccosteidae gen. indet. sp. indet.; Placodermi indet. 1). Specimens of all four forms consist of disarticulated, mostly well-preserved plates (some are worn at the edges) originating from the cores of six boreholes. Additionally, the paper presents data on organic remains with the placoderms. A detailed lithological description of the enclosing rocks and a taphonomic description of the ichthyofauna are also provided. The 2010 Stratigraphic Chart of the Devonian deposits of Belarus was used as the stratigraphic basis. The presence of the genus Actinolepis Agassiz, 1844 in these deposits as well as in the Emsian of the Baltic region and Spitsbergen suggests a regional paleogeographic connection at this time.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/368b44df-e9e9-417c-a0e0-f7e138b7f4ec

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2020, The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agassiz, L., 1844–1845, Monographie des poissons fossiles du Vieux Grès Rouge ou Système Dévonien (Old Red Sandstone) des Îles Britanniques et de Russie: Neuchâtel, Petitpierre et Prince, xxxvi + 171 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burrow, C., den Blaauwen, J., Newman, M., and Davidson, R., 2016, The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacaniformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland: Palaeontologica Electronica, v. 19, no. 1, p. 183, doi :10.26879/601.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1958, Early Devonian fishes from Utah, Part 3, Arthrodira: Fieldiana: Geology, v. 11, p. 461551.Google Scholar
Denison, R.H., 1978, Placodermi, in Schultze, H.-P., ed., Handbook of Paleoichthyology, Volume 2: Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag, vi + 128 p.Google Scholar
Desmond, A.J., 1974, On the coccosteid arthrodire Millerosteus minor: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 54, p. 277298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duff, P., 1842, Sketch of the Geology of Moray: Elgin, Forsyth and Young, 72 p.Google Scholar
Dupret, V., Zhu, M., and Wang, J.-Q., 2017, Redescription of Szelepis Liu, 1981 (Placodermi, Arthrodira), from the Lower Devonian of China: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 37, 14 p., doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1312422.Google Scholar
Fowler, H.W., 1947, New taxonomic names of fish-like vertebrates: Notulae Naturae, v. 187, p. 116.Google Scholar
Gross, W., 1937, Die Wirbeltiere des Rheinischen Devons, Teil 2: Abhandlungen der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, n. Folge, 176: 183.Google Scholar
Gross, W., 1940, Acanthodier und Placodermen aus den Heterostius Schichten Estlands und Lettlands: Annales Societatis Rebus Naturae Investigandis in Universitate Tartuensis Constitutae, v. 46, p. 188.Google Scholar
Gross, W., 1973, Kleinschuppen, Flossenstacheln und Zähne von Fischen aus europäischen und nordamerikanischen Bonebeds des Devons: Palaeontographica A, v. 142, p. 51155.Google Scholar
Heintz, A., 1929, Die Downtonischen und Devonischen Vertebraten von Spitsbergen, 2, Acanthaspida: Skrifter om Svalbard og Ishavet, v. 22, p. 181.Google Scholar
Heintz, A., 1932, The structure of Dinichthys, a contribution to our knowledge of the Arthrodirain Gudger, E.W., ed., Bashford Dean Memorial Volume, Volume 4: New York, American Museum of Natural History, p. 155225.Google Scholar
Johnson, H.G., Elliott, D.K., and Wittke, J.H., 2000, A new actinolepid arthrodire (class Placodermi) from the Lower Devonian Sevy Dolomite, east-central Nevada: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 129, p. 241266, doi:10.1006/zjls.1999.0206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knox, L.W., and Gordon, E.A., 1999, Ostracodes as indicators of brackish water environments in the Catskill Magnafacies (Devonian) of New York State: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 148, p. 922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruchek, S.A., Obukhovskaya, V.Y., and Plax, D.P., 2012, [A typical section of the Devonian of the Bobruysk Buried Ridge]: Geological Science and Innovation, Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 85th Anniversary of the Republican Unitary Enterprise: Minsk, Belarus, Belarusian Research Geological Exploration Institute, p. 99103. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-H., 1979, On the arctolepid Arthrodira from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 17, p. 2334.Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-H., 1981, A nomenclatural note on Szelepis for Szeaspis Liu, 1979: Vertebrata PalAsiatica, v. 19, p. 294294.Google Scholar
Lyarskaya, L.A., 1978, [The Rēzekne Formation and its age equivalents], in Sorokin, V.S, ed., [The Stratigraphy of the Phanerozoic of the Baltic States]: Riga, Zinātne, p. 2239. [in Russian]Google Scholar
M'Coy, F., 1848, On some new ichthyolites from the Scotch Old Red Sandstone: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, v. 11, p. 297312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark-Kurik, E., 1973, Actinolepis (Arthrodira) from the Middle Devonian of Estonia: Palaeontographica A, v. 143, p. 89108.Google Scholar
Mark-Kurik, E., 1985, Actinolepis spinosa n. sp. (Arthrodira) from the Early Devonian of Latvia: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 5, p. 287292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark-Kurik, E., 1991, Contribution to the correlation of the Emsian (Lower Devonian) on the basis of placoderm fishes: Newsletter on Stratigraphy, v. 25, p. 1123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark-Kurik, E., 2000, The Middle Devonian fishes of the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia) and Belarus: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 223, p. 309324.Google Scholar
Mark-Kurik, E., 2002, Kartalaspis and other Early Devonian arthrodires and their stratigraphic significance, in Satkūnas, J., and Lazauskienė, J., eds., The Fifth Baltic Stratigraphical Conference, Basin Stratigraphy—Modern Methods and Problems, Extended Abstracts: Vilnius, Geological Survey of Lithuania, p. 117119.Google Scholar
Märss, T., Kleesment, A., and Niit, M., 2008, Karksilepis parva gen. et sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes) from the Burtnieki Regional Stage, Middle Devonian of Estonia: Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 57, p. 219230, doi:10.3176/earth.2008.4.02.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, R.S., 1973, An actinolepid arthrodire from the Lower Devonian Peel Sound Formation, Prince of Wales Island: Palaeontographica A, v. 143, p. 109118.Google Scholar
Miles, R.S., and Westoll, T.S., 1963, Two new genera of coccosteid Arthrodira from the Middle Old Red Sandstone of Scotland, and their stratigraphical distribution: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 65, p. 179208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, R.S., and Westoll, T.S., 1968, The placoderm fish Coccosteus cuspidatus Miller ex Agassiz from the Middle Old Red Sandstone of Scotland: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 67, p. 373476.Google Scholar
Miller, H., 1841, Old Red Sandstone or New Walks in an Old Field: Edinburgh, John Johnstone, 275 p.Google Scholar
Newman, M.J., and Trewin, N.H., 2008, Discovery of the arthrodire genus Actinolepis (class Placodermi) in the Middle Devonian of Scotland: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 44, p. 8388, doi:10.1144/sjg44010083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, M.J., Mark-Kurik, E., den Blaauwen, J.L., and Zupiņš, I., 2015, Scottish Middle Devonian fish in Estonia: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 51, p. 141147, doi:10.1144/sjg2014-006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obruchev, D., and Mark-Kurik, E., 1968, [On the evolution of the psammosteids (Heterostraci)]: Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR, v. 17, p. 279284. [in Russian with English abstract]Google Scholar
Obukhovskaya, T.G., Kruchek, S.A., Pushkin, V.I., Nekryata, N.S., Plax, D.P., Sachenko, T.P., Obukhovskaya, V.Y., and Antipenko, S.V., 2010, [The Devonian System: Stratigraphic Chart of Precambrian and Phanerozoic Deposits of Belarus: Explanatory Note]: Minsk, Belarus, State Enterprise, BelNIGRI, p. 98114. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Ørvig, T., 1957, Notes on some Paleozoic lower vertebrates from Spitsbergen and North America: Norsk Geologisk Tiddskrift, v. 37, p. 285353.Google Scholar
Ørvig, T., 1975, Description, with special reference to the dermal skeleton, of a new radotinid arthrodire from the Gedinnian of Arctic Canada: Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, v. 218, p. 4171.Google Scholar
Pageau, Y., 1969, Nouvelle fauna ichthyolologique du Devonien Moyen dans les Gres de Gaspe (Quebec): Le Naturaliste Canadien, v. 96, p. 805889.Google Scholar
Plaksa, D.P., 2007, Devonian (late Emsian–Frasnian) fish fauna of Belarus and its stratigraphic importance [Ph.D. thesis]: Kiev, Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 23 p. [in Russian with Belarusian and English summary]Google Scholar
Plaksa, D.P., 2008a, [Introduction of vertebrate zonal scales into the Stratigraphic Chart of Devonian Deposits of Belarus]: Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, v. 52, p. 8388. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Plaksa, D.P., 2008b, [Late Emsian ichthyofauna of Belarus], in Bogdanova, T.N., and Krymgolts, N.G., eds., Geobiosphere Events and the History of the Organic World: Proceedings of the 54th Session of the Paleontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, April 7–11, p. 136137. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2008, [Devonian fish fauna of Belarus]: Lithosphere, v. 2, no. 29, p. 6692. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2013a, [Change of vertebrate associations in the Devonian deposits of Belarus]: Bulletin of Brest University, ser. 5, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, v. 1, p. 94–102. [in Russian with English summary]Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2013b, [The short palaeogeographical characteristic of the formations of the late Emsian, Eifelian, Givetian and Frasnian of Belarus]: Bulletin of Brest University, ser. 5, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Sciences, v. 2, p. 85–93. [in Russian with English summary]Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2015a, Late Emsian placoderms of Belarus, in Gubin, V.N., Zui, V.I., Lukashev, O.V., and Sanko, A.F., eds., Topical Questions of Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology and Rational Use of Earth's Interior: Proceedings of the University Geological Readings, 9th, Minsk, Belarusian State University, p. 171173.Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2015b, Stratigraphic ichthyofauna assemblages of the Devonian deposits in the east and southeast of Belarus: Lithosphere, v. 1, no. 42, p. 2044.Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2016, Stratigraphic ichthyofauna assemblages of the Devonian deposits in the Vileyka Buried Ridge of the Belarusian Anticlise: Natural Resources, v. 2, p. 1444.Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2017, Ichthyofauna from the Devonian deposits of the Orsha Depression (Belarus): Natural Resources, v. 2, p. 1250.Google Scholar
Plax, D.P., 2019, A new genus of the placoderm fish (Placodermi, Ptyctodontida) from the upper Emsian deposits of Belarus: Lithosphere, v. 2, no. 51, p. 7583.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W., Der Rest eines actinolepididen Placodermen (Pisces) aus der Bohrung Bolland (Emsium, Belgien): Mémoire du Service Géologique de Belgique, v. 14, p. 123.Google Scholar
Schultze, H.-P., 1976, Addendum, in Schmidt, W., Der Rest eines actinolepididen Placodermen (Pisces) aus der Bohrung Bolland (Emsium, Belgien): Mémoire du Service Géologique de Belgique, v. 14, p. 1921.Google Scholar
Stensiö, E.A., 1959, On the pectoral fin and shoulder girdle of the Arthrodires: Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlinger, v. 8, p. 1229.Google Scholar
Strand, E., 1932, Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica 4: Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica, v. 4, p. 193196.Google Scholar
Traquair, R.H., 1888, Notes on the nomenclature of the fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Great Britain: Geological Magazine, decade 3, v. 5, p. 507517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traquair, R.H., 1890, Notes on the Devonian fishes of Scaumenac Bay and Campbelltown in Canada: Geological Magazine, decade 3, v. 7, p. 1522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiukevičius, J.J., and Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V.N., 1986, Acanthodian scale assemblage from the base of the Middle Devonian of the Baltic and Byelorussia, in Brangulis, A.P., ed., Biofacies and Fauna of the Silurian and Devonian Basins of the Baltic region: Riga, Zinatne, p. 110122. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Valiukevičius, J.J., and Kruchek, S.A., 2000, Acanthodian biostratigraphy and interregional correlations of the Devonian of the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 223, p. 271289.Google Scholar
Valiukevičius, J., Karatajūtė-Talimaa, V., and Kruchek, S., 1995, Complexes of vertebrate microremains and correlation of terrigenous Devonian deposits of Belarus and adjacent territories: Ichthyolith Issues, Special Publications, v. 1, p. 5359.Google Scholar
Vorotnikova, G.V., Gavryushova, E.A., Drutskoy, S.V., Zhuravlev, A.V., Kirikov, V.P., Lavrovich, O.N., Lavrovich, N.N., Myazina, N.V., Osipova, L.T., Papin, M.G., Petrov, B.V., Rusetskaya, G.A., Ryborak, M.V., and Shokurova, V.P., 2011, State geological map of the Russian Federation, scale 1:1,000,000, third generation: Central European Series, sheet N-36 (M-36), Smolensk, Explanatory Note: St. Petersburg, VSEGEI Cartographic Factory, 267 p. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Whiteaves, J.F., 1881, On some fossil fishes, Crustacea and Mollusca from the Devonian rocks at Campbellton, N.B., with descriptions of five new species: The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, v. 10, p. 93101.Google Scholar
Woodward, A.S., 1891, Catalogue of the fossil fishes in the British Museum (Natural History), Part 2: London, British Museum (Natural History), xliv + 567 p.Google Scholar
Young, V.T., 1983, Taxonomy of the arthrodire Phlyctaenius from the Lower or Middle Devonian of Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, v. 37, p. 135.Google Scholar