No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
New Cretaceous cerithiform gastropods from the Pacific Slope of North America
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 May 2016
Abstract
Two new genera and three new species of shallow-marine, warm-water gastropods are reported from outcrops of various Cretaceous formations between British Columbia and Baja California. The potamidid Cedrosia pacifica new genus and species is from Turonian strata on Cedros Island, west coast of Baja California, Mexico. It is the earliest potamidid known from the rock record of the Pacific Slope. Alamirifica corona new genus and species, whose suprageneric relationships are uncertain, is from Turonian strata in southern California. The holotype has a round and rimmed aperture most similar to the photine buccinid Neoteron Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932. The holotype also has a pyramidal spire most similar to some fossil cerithioideans traditionally placed in the potamidid Pyrazus Montfort, 1810, but the type species of Pyrazus does not have a pyramidal spire. Future work might reveal that Alamirifica belongs to a new family.
Four other Pacific Slope species are tentatively assigned to Alamirifica: the Aptian A.? harrissi (Allison, 1955); the Coniacian A.? ursa new species; the late Coniacian to early Campanian A.? harveyi (Whiteaves, 1903); and the poorly preserved Turonian Alamirifica? sp.
As presently known, Cedrosia and Alamirifica were endemic to the study area, but they strongly resemble some Old World Tethyan gastropods. The distribution of A.? harveyi lends support to a relatively northern site of deposition for the Nanaimo Group.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Paleontological Society
References
Abbass, H. L.
1963. A monograph on the Egyptian Cretaceous gastropods. United Arab Republic, Ministry of Industry, Geological Survey and Mineral Research Department, Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph 2, 146 p., 12 pls.Google Scholar
Adams, H., and Adams, A.
1853–1858. The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. 2 volumes. John van Vorst, London, 660 p.Google Scholar
Akopjan, V. T.
1972. On a new cerithioidean family. Izvestia Academii nauk Armiansko i SSR. Nauki o Zemie, 25(1):3–14. (In Russian and Armenian)Google Scholar
Allison, E. C.
1955. Middle Cretaceous gastropods from Punta China, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 29:400–432.Google Scholar
Allison, E. C.
1974. The type Alisitos Formation (Cretaceous, Aptian-Albian) of Baja California and its bivalve fauna, p. 21–59. In
Gastil, G. and Lillegraven, J. (eds.), Geology of Peninsular California. Pacific Section, AAPG, SEPM, and SEG, Book 37, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Anderson, F. M.
1958. Upper Cretaceous of the Pacific coast. The Geological Society of America Memoir, 71, 378 p.Google Scholar
Berry, K. D., and Miller, P. L.
1984. Mesozoic biostratigraphy, Vizcaino Peninsula and Cedros Island, Baja California Sur, Mexico, p. 67–87. In
Frizzell, V. A. Jr. (ed.), Geology of the Baja California Peninsula. Pacific Section, SEPM Book 39, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Boles, J. R.
1986. Mesozoic sedimentary rocks in the Vizcaino Peninsula-Isla de Cedros area, Baja California, p. 63–77. In
Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 46, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Boss, K. J.
1982. Mollusca, p. 945–1166. In
Parker, S. P. (ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, Volume 1. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.Google Scholar
Brander, G.
1766. Fossilia Hantoniensia Collecta, et in Museo Britanno Deposita. London, 43 p., 9 pls.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruguière, J. G.
1789–1816. Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par Ordre et Matières. Histoire Naturelle des Vers, des Mollusques, tome 1. Panckoucke, Paris, 758 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cernohorsky, W. O.
1981. The family Buccinidae, Pt. 1, the genera Nassaia, Trajana and Neoteron
. Monographs of Marine Mollusca, number 2, 52 p.Google Scholar
Checchia-Rispoli, G.
1937.
“Libycerithium” nuovo genere del Maestrichtiano della Tripolitania. Bolletino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 56:297–302.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. D., Colburn, I. P., and Sundberg, F. A.
1982. Upper Cretaceous environmental stratigraphy and field trip stops, Silverado Canyon area, p. 11–23. In
Bottjer, D. J., Colburn, I. P., and Cooper, J. D. (eds.), Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Annual Convention Field Guidebook and Volume 24. Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. G.
1896. On some new Cretaceous (and Eocene?) Mollusca of California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 2, 6:330–337, pls. 47–48.Google Scholar
Cossmann, M.
1906. Essais de Paléoconchologie Comparée, Volume 7, 261 p., 14 pls., privately published.Google Scholar
Cossmann, M.
1913. Contribution a la paléontologie Française des terrains Jurassiques, III, Cerithiacea et Loxonematacea. Mémoires de la Société de France, Paléontologie, 46:1–263.Google Scholar
Cossmann, M., and Pissarro, G.
1910–1913. Iconographie completé des coquilles fossiles de l'Eocène des environs de Paris, Volume 2, Gastropodes. H. Bouillant, Paris, 65 pls.Google Scholar
Cowan, D. S., Brandon, M. T., and Garver, J. I.
1997. Geologic tests of hypotheses for large coastwise displacements—a critique illustrated by the Baja British Columbia controversy. American Journal of Science, 297:117–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, L. R.
1965. Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanjanyika and Kenya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology, Supplement 1, London, 123 p.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. L. C.
1797. Tableau Élémentaire de l'Histoire Naturelle des Animaux [des Mollusques]. Paris, 710 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Férussac, D.
1819. Histoire Naturelle Générale et Pariticulière des Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles, Volume 1. Paris, 128 p., 162 pls.Google Scholar
Finlay, H. J.
1927. New specific names for Austral Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, Wellington, 57:488–533.Google Scholar
Frakes, L. A.
1999. Estimating the global thermal state from Cretaceous sea surface and continental temperature data, p. 49–57. In
Barrera, E. and Johnson, C. C. (eds.), Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geological Society of America Special Paper 332, Boulder, Colorado.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabb, W. M.
1864. Description of the Cretaceous fossils, p. 57–243. In
California Geological Survey, Palaeontology, Volume 1.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. A.
1948. Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and North Carolina, Pt. 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 199B:179–310, pls. 24–38.Google Scholar
Geinitz, H. B.
1849–1850. Das Quadersandsteingebirge oder Kreidegebirge in Deutschland. Craz and Gerlach, Freiberg, 293 p., 12 pls.Google Scholar
Gradstein, F. M., Agterberg, F. P., Ogg, J. G., Hardenbol, J., Van veen, P., Thierry, J., and Huang, Z.
1994. A Mesozoic time scale. Journal of Geophysical Research, series B, 99:24,051–24,074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. E.
1857. Guide to the systematic distribution of the Mollusca in the British Museum, Pt. 1, Gastropoda. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 230 p.Google Scholar
Haasl, D. M.
2000. Phylogenetic relationships among nassariid gastropods. Journal of Paleontology, 74:839–852.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haggart, J. W.
1986. Stratigraphy of the Redding Formation of north-central California and its bearing on Late Cretaceous paleogeography, p. 161–178. In
Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 46, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Haggart, J. W.
1991. Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Nanamio Group, Gulf Islands British Columbia, p. 223–256. In
Smith, P. L. (ed.), A Field Guide to the Paleontology of Southwestern Canada. The First Canadian Paleontology Conference, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.Google Scholar
Haggart, J. W., and Ward, P. D.
1984. Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) stratigraphy of the northern Sacramento Valley, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95:618–627.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haller, B.
1882. Zur Kenntniss der Muriciden. Eine vergleichend-anatomische Studie, 1, Theil, Anatomie des Nervensystemes. Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 45:87–106, pls. 1–3.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. R.
1987. Chronology of fluctuating sea levels since the Triassic. Science, 235:1156–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helenes, J.
1984. Dinoflagellates from Cretaceous to early Tertiary rocks of the Sebastian Vizcaino basin, Baja California, Mexico, p. 89–106. In
Frizzell, V. A. Jr. (ed.), Geology of the Baja California Peninsula. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 39, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Iredale, T.
1916. On two editions of Duméril's Zoologie Analytique. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 12:79–84.Google Scholar
Jones, D. L., Sliter, W. V., and Popenoe, W. P.
1978. Mid-Cretaceous (Albian to Turonian) biostratigraphy of northern California. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice, 4:1–13.Google Scholar
Jousseaume, F.
1880. Division méthodique de la famille des Purpuridés. Le Naturaliste, 42:335–336.Google Scholar
Jousseaume, F.
1882. Étude des Purpuridae et déscription d'espèces nouvelles. Révue et Magazin de Zoologie pour 1879, série 3, 7:314–348.Google Scholar
Kase, T.
1984. Early Cretaceous marine and brackish-water Gastropoda from Japan. National Science Museum, Tokyo, 263 p.Google Scholar
Keen, A. M.
1971. Sea Shells of Tropical West America (second edition). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 1,064 p.Google Scholar
Kilmer, F. H.
1979. A geological sketch of Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico, p. 11–28. In
Abbott, P. L. and Gastil, R. G. (eds.), Baja California Geology, Field Guides and Papers. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Guidebook, San Diego, California.Google Scholar
Kilmer, F. H.
1984. Geology of Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Privately Published. Arcata, California, 69 p.Google Scholar
Kollmann, H. A.
1979. Gastropoden aus den Losensteiner Schichten der Umgebung von Losenstein (Oberösterreich). 3. Teil: Cerithiacea (Mesogastropoda). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, 82:11–51.Google Scholar
Kowalke, T.
1998. Bewertung protoconchmorphologischer Daten basaler Caenogastopoda (Cerithiimorpha und Littorinimorpha) hinsichtlich ihrer Systematik und Evolution von der Kreide bis rezent. Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe E, 27, 121 p.Google Scholar
Kowalke, T., and Bandel, K.
1996. Systematik und Paläoökologie der Küstenschnecken der nordalpinen Brandenberg-Gosau (Oberconiac/Untersanton) mit einem Vergleich zur Gastropodenfauna des Maastrichts des Trempbeckens (Südpyrenäen, Spanien). Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und historische Geologie, Munich, 36:15–71.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C.
1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Editio decima, reformata, Volume 1, Regnum Animale. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 p.Google Scholar
Matsumoto, T.
1960. Upper Cretaceous ammonites of California, Pt. 3. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science of Kyushu University, series D, Geology, Special Volume 2, 204 p.Google Scholar
Monger, J. W. H., Heyden, P. V. D., Journeay, J. M., Evenchick, C. A., and Maloney, J. B.
1994. Jurassic-Cretaceous basins along the Canadian Coast Belt: their bearing on pre-mid-Cretaceous sinistral displacements. Geology, 22:175–178.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monger, J. W. H., and Journeay, J. M.
1994. Basement geology and tectonic evolution of the Vancouver region, p. 3–25. In
Monger, J. W. H. (ed.), Geology and Geological Hazards of the Vancouver Region, Southwestern British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 481, Ottawa, Canada.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montfort, P. D.
1810. Conchyliologie Systématique et Classification Méthodique de Coquilles, Coquilles Univalves, Volume 2. F. Schoell, Paris, 676 p.Google Scholar
Muller, J. E., and Jeletzky, J. A.
1970. Geology of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Vancouver Island and Gulf Islands, British Columbia. Geological Society of Canada Paper, 69–25, 77 p.Google Scholar
Mustard, P. S.
1994. The Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Georgia Basin, p. 27–95. In
Monger, J. W. H. (ed.), Geology and Geological Hazards of the Vancouver Region, Southwestern British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 481, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Nagao, T.
1934. Cretaceous Mollusca from the Miyako District, Honshu, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, The Hokkaido Imperial University, Series 4, 2:177–277.Google Scholar
Packard, E. L.
1922. New species from the Cretaceous of the Santa Ana Mountains. University of California Publications Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 13:413–462.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. L.
1979. The Valle Formation-physical stratigraphy and depositional model, southern Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California Sur, p. 73–76. In
Abbott, P. L. and Gastil, R. G. (eds.), Baja California Geology, Field Guides and Papers. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting Guidebook, San Diego, California.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. L.
1984. Paleomagnetism of the Valle Formation and the Late Cretaceous paleogeography of the Vizcaino basin, Baja California, Mexico, p. 173–182. In
Frizzell, V. A. Jr. (ed.), Geology of the Baja California Peninsula. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 39, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Perry, G.
1811. Conchology, or the Natural History of Snails. William Miller, London, 4 p., 61 pls.Google Scholar
Pictet, F. J., and Campiche, G.
1861–1864. Description des fossiles du terrain Crétacé des environs de Sainte-Croix, 752 p. In
Pictet, F. J. (ed.), Matériaux pour la Paléontologie Suisse, Série 3, Volume 2. Geneva.Google Scholar
Piette, E.
1860. Sur un nouveau genre de gastéropodes. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, série 2, 18:14–16.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H. A., and Lowe, N. H.
1932. West American and Central American mollusks collected by N. H. Lowe, 1929–31. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 84:33–144, pls. 1–17.Google Scholar
Ponder, W. F., and Warén, A.
1988. Classification of the Caenogastropoda and Heterostropha—a list of family-group names and higher taxa. Malacological Review, supplement
4:288–326.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P.
1937. Upper Cretaceous Mollusca from southern California. Journal of Paleontology, 11:379–402.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P.
1943. Cretaceous: east side of Sacramanto Valley, Shasta and Butte counties, California. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 27:306–312.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P.
1973. Southern California Cretaceous formations and faunas with especial reference to the Simi Hills and Santa Monica Mountains, p. 15–20. In
Fritsche, A. E. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy of the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Hills, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Geological Guidebook, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P.
1983. Cretaceous Aporrhaidae from California: Aporrhainae and Arrhoginae. Journal of Paleontology, 57:742–765.Google Scholar
Popenoe, W. P., and Saul, L. R.
1987. Evolution and classification of the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary gastropod Perissitys
. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 380, 37 p.Google Scholar
Rafinesque, C. S.
1815. Analyse de la Nature ou Tableau de l'Univers et des Corps Organisées. Barravecchia, Palermo, 224 p.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1959. Senonian mollusks from Chico Creek. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of California at Los Angeles, 170 p.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1961. Stratigraphy and correlation of the Chico Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at its type locality. Geological Society of Sacramento Annual Field Trip, 1961, p. 16–21.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1978. The north Pacific Cretaceous trigoniid genus Yaadia
. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, 119:1–65, pls. 1–12.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1982. Water depth indications from Late Cretaceous mollusks, Santa Ana Mountains, California, p. 69–76. In
Bottjer, D. J., Colburn, I. P., and Cooper, J. D. (eds.), Late Cretaceous Depositional Environments and Paleogeography, Santa Ana Mountains, Southern California. Pacific Section, SEPM, Annual Convention Field Guidebook and Volume 24, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1986. Pacific west coast Cretaceous molluscan faunas: time and aspect of changes, p. 131–135. In
Abbott, P. L. (ed.), Cretaceous Stratigraphy Western North America. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 46, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1988. New Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Perissityidae (Gastropoda) from the Pacific slope of North America. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 400, 25 p.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1989. California Late Cretaceous donaciform bivalves. The Veliger, 32(2):188–208.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R.
1997. A curious new genus and species of gastropod from the Turonian of the Santa Ana Mountains, Orange County, California. The Western Society of Malacologists Annual Report, 29:4.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R., and Popenoe, W. P.
1992. Pacific slope Cretaceous Bivalves of the genus Calva. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science, 433, 68 p.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R., and Popenoe, W. P.
1993. Additions to Pacific slope Turonian Gastropoda. The Veliger, 36:351–388.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R., and Squires, R. L.
1998. New Cretaceous Gastropoda from California. Palaeontology, 41(3):461–488.Google Scholar
Saul, L. R., and Squires, R. L.
2002. Added nerineoid gastropod evidence for a warm Turonian sea in southern California. Journal of Paleontology, 76:386–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayn, G.
1932. Description de la faune de l'Urgonien de Barcelona. Travaux du Laboratoire de Geologie, de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, Memoir 15, 8:1–67.Google Scholar
Schlotheim, E. F.
1820. Die Petrefactenkunde auf ihrem jetzigen Standpunkte. Becker, Gotha, 437 p, 15 pls.Google Scholar
Smith, D. P., and Busby, C. J.
1993. Cretaceous extension and Tertiary translation along the s.w. edge of North America? Evidence from the Valle Group: Vizcaino terrane, p. 127–140. In
Dunne, G. and McDougall, K. (eds.), Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II. Pacific Section, SEPM, Book 71, Los Angeles, California.Google Scholar
Smith, D. P., Sedlock, R. L., Kimbrough, D. L., and Busby-Spera, C. J.
1991. Mesozoic geology of Cedros Island, p. 332–348. In
Walawender, M. J. and Hanan, B. B. (eds.), Geological Excursions in Southern California and Mexico. San Diego State University, Department of Geological Sciences Guidebook, San Diego, California.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L., and Kennedy, G. L.
1998. Additions to the late Paleocene molluscan fauna from the Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, southern California. The Veliger, 41:157–171.Google Scholar
Squires, R. L., and Ritterbush, L.
1981. A new astartid bivalve genus from the Upper Cretaceous of southern California. Journal of Paleontology, 55:896–897.Google Scholar
Swainson, W.
1840. A Treatise on Malacology or Shells and Shell-fish. J. Taylor, London, 419 p.Google Scholar
Szöts, E.
1953. Mollusques Éocènes de la Hongrie. I. Les mollusques Éocènes des environs de Gánt. Geologica Hungarica, Series Palaeontologica, 22:1–270.Google Scholar
Tracey, S., Dodd, J. A., and Erwin, D. H.
1993. Mollusca: Gastropoda, p. 131–167. In
Benton, M. J. (ed.), The Fossil Record 2. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Trask, J. B.
1856. Description of a new species of ammonite and baculite from the Tertiary rocks of Chico Creek, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 1:52–93.Google Scholar
Troschel, F. H.
1856–1863. Das Gebiss der Schnecken zur Begründung einer natürlichen Classification. Volume 1. Berlin, 661 p.Google Scholar
Usher, J. L.
1952. Ammonite faunas of the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 21:1–182.Google Scholar
Vokes, E. H.
1969. The genus Trajana (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the New World. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 7:75–83.Google Scholar
Wanner, J.
1902. Die Fauna der obersten weissen Kreide der libyschen Wüste, p. 91–152. In
Wanner, J. A., Quaas, A., and Dacqué, E. (eds.), Die Faunen der Oberen Kreidebildungen in der Libyschen Wüste. Palaeontographica, 30
(part 2):91–152, pls. 13–19.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D.
1978. Revisions to the stratigraphy and biochronology of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, British Columbia and Washington State. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 15:405–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, P. D., Hurtado, J. M., Kirschvink, J. L., and Verosub, K. L.
1997. Measurements of the Cretaceous paleolatitude of Vancouver Island: consistent with the Baja-British Columbia hypothesis. Science, 227:1642–1645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenz, W.
1938–1944. Gastropoda. Teil 1. Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobranchia, p. 1–1639. In
Schindewolf, O. H. (ed.), Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin. [Reprinted 1960–1961]Google Scholar
White, C. A.
1889. On invertebrate fossils from the Pacific coast. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 51, 102 p.Google Scholar
Whiteaves, J. F.
1903. On some additional fossils from the Vancouver Cretaceous, with a revised list of the species therefrom. Geological Survey of Canada, Mesozoic Fossils, Volume 1, Pt. 5, p. 309–416, pls. 40–51.Google Scholar
Zekeli, F.
1852. Die Gasteropoden der Gosaugebilde in den nordöstlichen Alpen. Abhandlungen der kaiserlich und koeniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien, 1(2):1–124, pls. 1–24.Google Scholar