Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T05:59:43.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Jawed polychaetes from the Upper Sylvan Shale (Upper Ordovician), Oklahoma, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Mats E. Eriksson ,
Stephen A. Leslie  and
Claes F. Bergman
Mats E. Eriksson
Affiliation:
GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Lund University, Sólvegatan 12, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden,
Stephen A. Leslie
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock 72204-1099, USA,
Claes F. Bergman
Affiliation:
Department MNA, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A jawed polychaete fauna from the upper 30 m of the Upper Ordovician Sylvan Shale (Richmondian, Ashgill) of Oklahoma is described, based on recovered scolecodonts (polychaete jaws). The fauna includes members of six families: Paulinitidae, Ramphoprionidae, Polychaetaspidae, Atraktoprionidae, Hadoprionidae, and Kalloprionidae. Ten species are identified and one new paulinitid species, Kettnerites (Aeolus) sylvanensis, dominates. The low-abundance and relatively low-diversity Sylvan Shale fauna differs from approximately coeval ones of both Laurentia and Baltica, particularly by its high relative frequency of paulinitids. The scolecodonts are associated with chitinozoans, as well as some enigmatic organic-walled microfossils. Conodonts are extremely rare, with Plectodina tenuis, Amorphognathus sp., and Dapsilodus sp. identified.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 79 , Issue 3 , May 2005 , pp. 486 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Shaieb, Z., Fritz, R. D., Barrick, J. E., Medlock, P. L., and Puckette, J.. 1993. Hunton Group field trip to the Arbuckle Mountaiuns, Oklahoma, p. 183–212. In Johnson, K. S. (ed.), Hunton Group Core Workshop and Field Trip. Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Publication, 93–4.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1974. Late Ordovician and Early Silurian articulate brachiopods from Oklahoma, southwestern Illinois, and eastern Missouri. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 119, 154 p.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1986. Part I—Paleoenvironment of the Keel-Edgewood oolitic province and the Hirnantian strata of Europe, USSR, and China, p. 1–55. In Amsden, T. W. and Barrick, J. E. (eds.), Late Ordovician–Early Silurian strata in the Central United States and the Hirnantian Stage. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 139–1–95.Google Scholar
Amsden, T. W. 1988. Part I—Late Ordovician through Early Devonian annotated correlation chart and brachiopod range charts for the southern Midcontinent region, U.S.A., p. 1–53. In Amsden, T. W. and Barrick, J. E. (eds.), Late Ordovician through Early Devonian annotated correlation chart and brachiopod range charts for the southern Midcontinent region, U.S.A., with a discussion of Silurian and Devonian conodont faunas. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 143:1–66.Google Scholar
Barrick, J. E. 1986. Part II—Conodont faunas of the Keel and Cason Formations, p. 57–73. In Amsden, T. W. and Barrick, J. E. (eds.), Late Ordovician–Early Silurian strata in the Central United States and the Hirnantian Stage. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 139:1–95.Google Scholar
Barrick, J. E., Klapper, G., and Amsden, T. W.. 1990. Stop 1 Hunton Group (Late Ordovician–Early Devonian), p. 5–9. In Ritter, S. M. (ed.), Early to Middle Paleozoic conodont biostratigraphy of the Arbuckle Mountains, southern Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Guidebook, 27.Google Scholar
Bischoff, G., and Sannemann, D.. 1958. Unterdevonische Conodonten aus dem Frankenwald. Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung, 86:87–110.Google Scholar
Bergman, C. F. 1987. Silurian paulinitid jawed polychaetes from Gotland. Ph.D. dissertation, Lund University, Lund, 145 p.Google Scholar
Bergman, C. F. 1989. Silurian paulinitid polychaetes from Gotland. Fossils and Strata, 25:1–128.Google Scholar
Bergman, C. F. 1991. Revision of some Silurian paulinitid scolecodonts from western New York. Journal of Paleontology, 65:248–254.Google Scholar
Bergman, C. F. 1998. Reversal in some fossil polychaete jaws. Journal of Paleontology, 72:632–638.Google Scholar
Branson, E. B., and Mehl, M. G.. 1933a. Conodont studies no. 1: Conodonts from the Harding Sandstone of Colorado; Bainbridge (Silurian) of Missouri; Jefferson City (Lower Ordovician) of Missouri. University of Missouri Studies, 8(1):5–72.Google Scholar
Branson, E. B., and Mehl, M. G.. 1933b. Conodont studies no. 2: Conodonts from the Joachim (Middle Ordovician) of Missouri; Conodonts from the Plattin (Middle Ordovician) of Missouri; Conodonts from the Maquoketa–Thebes (Upper Ordovician) of Missouri; a study of Hinde's types of conodonts preserved in the British Museum. University of Missouri Studies, 8(2):77–167.Google Scholar
Conkin, J. E., and Conkin, B. M.. 1965. Ordovician (Richmondian) Foraminifera from Oklahoma, Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky. Oklahoma Geology Notes, 25:207–221.Google Scholar
Cooper, B. J. 1976. Multielement conodonts from the St. Clair Limestone (Silurian) of southern Illinois. Journal of Paleontology, 50:205–217.Google Scholar
Cooper, G. A. 1956. Chazyan and related brachiopods [U.S.–Canada]. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 127, 1245 p.Google Scholar
Dales, R. P. 1963. Annelids. Hutchinson University Library, London, 200 p.Google Scholar
Decker, C.E. 1935. Graptolites of the Sylvan Shale of Oklahoma and Polk Creek Shale of Arkansas. Journal of Paleontology, 9:697–708.Google Scholar
Ehlers, E. 1868. Über fossile Würmer aus dem litographischen Schiefer in Bayern. Palaeontographica, 17:145–175.Google Scholar
Eisenack, A. 1931. Neue Mikrofossilen des baltischen Silurs. I. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 13:74–118.Google Scholar
Eisenack, A. 1939. Einige neue Annelidenreste aus dem Silur und dem Jura des Baltikums. Zeitschrift für Geschiebeforschung und Flachlandsgeologie, 15:153–176.Google Scholar
Eller, E. R. 1936. A new scolecodont genus, Ildraites, from the Upper Devonian of New York. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 25:73–76.Google Scholar
Eller, E. R. 1940. New Silurian scolecodonts from the Albion beds of the Niagara Gorge, New York. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 28:9–46.Google Scholar
Eller, E. R. 1942. Scolecodonts from the Erindale, Upper Ordovician, at Streetsville, Ontario. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 29:241–270.Google Scholar
Eller, E. R. 1969. Scolecodonts from well cores of the Maquoketa Shale, Upper Ordovician, Ellsworth County, Kansas. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 41:1–17.Google Scholar
Epstein, A. G., Epstein, J. B., and Harris, L. D.. 1977. Conodont color alteration—an index to organic metamorphism. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 995:1–27.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M. 1997. Lower Silurian polychaetaspid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden. GFF, 119:213–230.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M. 1999. Taxonomic discussion of the scolecodont genera Nereidavus Grinnell, 1877, and Protarabellites Stauffer, 1933 (Annelida: Polychaeta). Journal of Paleontology, 73:403–406.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M. 2001. Silurian ramphoprionid polychaetes from Gotland, Sweden. Journal of Paleontology, 75:993–1015.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M., and Bergman, C. F.. 1998. Scolecodont systematics exemplified by the polychaete Hadoprion cervicornis (Hinde, 1879). Journal of Paleontology, 72:477–485.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M., and Bergman, C. F.. 2003. Late Ordovician jawed polychaete faunas of the type Cincinnatian region, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology, 77:509–523.Google Scholar
Eriksson, M. E., Bergman, C. F., and Jeppsson, L.. 2004. Silurian scolecodonts. Review of Paleobotany & Palynology, 131:269–300.Google Scholar
Finney, S. C. 1986. Graptolite biofacies and correlation of eustatic, subsidence, and tectonic events in the Middle to Upper Ordovician of North America. Palaios, 1:435–461.Google Scholar
Finney, S. C. 1988. Middle Ordovician strata of the Arbuckle and Ouachita Mountains, Oklahoma; contrasting lithofacies and biofacies deposited in southern Oklahoma Aulacogen and Ouachita geosyncline, p. 171–176. In Hayward, O. T. (ed.), South-Central Section of the Geological Society of America: Centennial Field Guide. Vol. 4. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Goldman, D., and Bergstróm, S. M.. 1997. Late Ordovician graptolites from the North American Midcontinent. Palaeontology, 40:965–1010.Google Scholar
Grinnell, G. B. 1877. Notice of a new genus of annelids from the Lower Silurian. American Journal of Science and Arts, 14:229–230.Google Scholar
Ham, W. E. 1973. Regional geology of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Publication, 73–3, 61 p.Google Scholar
Hedlund, R. W. 1960. Microfossils of the Sylvan shale (Ordovician) of Oklahoma. Unpublished , , 90 p.Google Scholar
Hinde, G. J. 1879. On annelid jaws from the Cambro–Silurian, Silurian and Devonian Formations in Canada and from the Lower Carboniferous in Scotland. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 35:370–389.Google Scholar
Hints, O. 1998. Late Viruan (Caradoc) polychaete jaws from North Estonia and the St. Petersburg region. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 43:471–516.Google Scholar
Hints, O. 2000. Ordovician eunicid polychaetes of Estonia and surrounding areas: Review of their distribution and diversification. Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology, 113:41–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, S. M., and Patzkowsky, M. E.. 1996. Sequence stratigraphy and long-term paleoceanographic change in the Middle and Upper Ordovician of the eastern United States, p. 117–129. In Witzke, B. J., Ludwigsen, G. A., and Day, J. (eds.), Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: Views from the North American Craton. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 306:1–446.Google Scholar
Jansonius, J., and Craig, J. H.. 1971. Scolecodonts: I. Descriptive terminology and revision of systematic nomenclature; II Lectotypes, new names for homonyms, index of species. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 19:251–302.Google Scholar
Jenkins, W. A. M. 1969. Chitinozoa from the Ordovician Viola and Fernvale Limestones of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 5:1–44.Google Scholar
Jenkins, W. A. M. 1970. Chitinozoa from the Ordovician Sylvan Shale of the Arbuckle Mountains, Oklahoma. Palaeontology, 13:261–288.Google Scholar
Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1961. On two Ordovician polychaete jaw apparatuses. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 6:237–259.Google Scholar
Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1962. New Ordovician genera of polychaete jaw apparatuses. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 7:291–332.Google Scholar
Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1966. Polychaete jaw apparatuses from the Ordovician and Silurian of Poland and a comparison with modern forms. Palaeontologia Polonica, 16:1–152.Google Scholar
Knüpfer, J. 1967. Zur fauna und Biostratigraphie des Ordoviciums (GráUfenthaler Schichten) in Thüringen. Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 220, 199 p.Google Scholar
Kozłowski, R. 1956. Sur quelques appareils masticateurs des Annélides polychètes ordoviciens. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 1:165–210.Google Scholar
Lange, F. W. 1947. Annelidos poliquetos dos folhelhos devonianos do Parana. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense, 6:161–230. [English translation: Lange, F. W. 1949. Polychaete annelids from the Devonian of Parana, Brazil. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 33:5–104.]Google Scholar
Lapworth, C. 1880. On new British graptolites. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 5:149–177.Google Scholar
Loeblich, A. R. Jr., and Tappan, H. N.. 1964. Sarcondina, chiefly “Thecamoebians” and Foraminiferida. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Protista 2, Pt. C, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 900 p.Google Scholar
McCracken, A. D., and Barnes, C. R.. 1982. Restudy of conodonts (Late Ordovician–Early Silurian) from the Edgewood Group, Clarksville, Missouri. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 19:1474–1485.Google Scholar
Mierzejewski, P. 1978. New placognath Eunicida (Polychaeta) from the Ordovician and Silurian of Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 28:273–281.Google Scholar
Morrow, J. R., and Webster, G. D.. 1989. A cryogenic density separation technique for conodont and heavy mineral separation. Journal of Paleontology, 63:953–955.Google Scholar
Plummer, H. J. 1945. Smaller foraminifera in the Marble Falls, Smithwick, and Lower Strawn strata around the Llano uplift in Texas. Texas University Publication, 4401:209–271.Google Scholar
Rexroad, C. B. 1967. Stratigraphy and conodont paleontology of the Brassfield (Silurian) in the Cincinnati Arch area. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin, 36, 64 p.Google Scholar
Satterfield, I. R. 1971. Conodonts and stratigraphy of the Girardeau Limestone (Ordovician) of southeast Missouri and southwest Illinois. Journal of Paleontology, 45:265–273.Google Scholar
Stauffer, C. R. 1933. Middle Ordovician Polychaeta from Minnesota. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 44:1173–1218.Google Scholar
Stauffer, C. R. 1935. Conodonts of the Glenwood Beds. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 46:125–168.Google Scholar
Szaniawski, H. 1970. Jaw apparatuses of the Ordovician and Silurian polychaetes from the Mielnik borehole. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 15:445–472.Google Scholar
Wicander, R., Playford, G., and Robertson, E. B.. 1999. Stratigraphic and paleogeographic significance of an Upper Ordovician acritarch flora from the Maquoketa Shale, northeastern Missouri, U.S.A. Paleontological Society Memoir, 51:1–38. (Journal of Paleontology, 73[6]: Supplement)Google Scholar
Wilson, L. R. 1958. A chitinozoan fanule from the Sylvan Shale of Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes, 18(4):67–71.Google Scholar
Wilson, L. R. 1960. Cover microfossils. Oklahoma Geology Notes, 20:101–102.Google Scholar
Witzke, B. J., and Bunker, B. J.. 1996. Relative sea-level changes during the middle Ordovician through Mississippian deposition in the Iowa area, North American craton, p. 307–370. In Witzke, B. J., Ludvigsen, G. A., and Day, J. (eds.), Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: Views from the North American Craton. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 306:1–446.Google Scholar
Žebera, K. 1935. Les conodontes et les scolécodontes du Barrandien. Bulletin international de l'Académie des Sciences de Bohême, 36:88–96.Google Scholar