Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:09:27.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Early Cretaceous gymnolaemate bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2019

Silviu O. Martha Open the ORCID record for Silviu O. Martha [Opens in a new window] ,
Paul D. Taylor  and
William L. Rader
Silviu O. Martha
Affiliation:
Senckenberg Forschungsinstitute und Naturmuseen, Sektion Marine Evertebraten III (Bryozoologie), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany 〈[email protected]〉
Paul D. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 〈[email protected]〉
William L. Rader
Affiliation:
8210 Bent Tree Road, #219, Austin, Texas, USA 〈[email protected]〉
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Gymnolaemate bryozoans are common encrusters on bivalve shells from the early to middle Albian parts of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of southcentral and northcentral Texas. Here, we report for the first time the presence of seven gymnolaemate bryozoans, all of which represent new species. They include the bioimmured ctenostome Simplicidium jontoddi n. sp., and the cheilostomes Rhammatopora glenrosa n. sp., Iyarispora ikaanakiteeh n. gen. n. sp., Iyarispora chiass n. gen. n. sp., Charixa bispinata n. sp., Charixa sexspinata n. sp., and Charixa emanuelae n. sp. The Glen Rose bryozoans slightly antedate the commencement of an explosive bryozoan radiation and the first appearance of neocheilostomes in the late Albian. Although the diversity of cheilostomes in the Glen Rose and Walnut formations is similar to that of cyclostomes, cheilostomes are more abundant and produced larger colonies. These formations therefore yield the oldest known bryozoan assemblage dominated in terms of biomass by cheilostomes. The genus concept of Charixa is discussed and amended.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/d9e8f1a4-ae6a-4455-abb3-3b0a75a7d294

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 93 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 260 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bergan, G.R., and Pittman, J.G., 1990, Nearshore clastic-carbonate facies and dinosaur trackways in the Glen Rose Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of central Texas: Dallas, Dallas Geological Society, 83 p.Google Scholar
Boardman, R.S., and Cheetham, A.H., 1969, Skeletal growth, intracolony variation, and evolution in Bryozoa: a review: Journal of Paleontology, v. 43, p. 205–233.Google Scholar
Busk, G., 1852, An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago &c, in MacGillivray, J., ed., Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley … 1846–1850; including discoveries and surveys in New Guinea, the Louisiade Archipelago, etc., to which is added the account of Mr E. B. Kennedy's expedition for the exploration of the Cape York Peninsula [including Mr W. Carron's narrative]. Vol. 1: London, T.W. Boone, p. 343–402.Google Scholar
Busk, G., 1854, Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. Part II. Cheilostomata (part.): London, Trustees of the British Museum, 66 p.Google Scholar
Canu, F., 1928, Trois nouveaux bryozoaires d'eau douce: Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, v. 19, p. 262–264.Google Scholar
Canu, F., and Bassler, R.S., 1926, Phylum Molluscoidea, Class Bryozoa, in Wade, B., ed., The Fauna of the Ripley Formation on Coon Creek, Tennessee: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, v. 137, p. 32–39. DOI: 10.3133/pp137.Google Scholar
Cheetham, A.H., 1954, A new Early Cretaceous cheilostome bryozoan from Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 28, p. 177–184.Google Scholar
Cheetham, A.H., 1976, Taxonomic significance of autozooid size and shape in some early multiserial cheilostomes from the Gulf Coast of the U.S.A., in Pouyet, S., ed., Bryozoa 1974. Proceedings of the Third Conference. International Bryozoology Association. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon, Hors série, v. 3, p. 547–564.Google Scholar
Cheetham, A.H., Sanner, J., Taylor, P.D., and Ostrovsky, A.N., 2006, Morphological differentiation of avicularia and proliferation of species in mid-Cretaceous Wilbertopora Cheetham, 1954 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, p. 49–71. DOI: 10.1666/0022-336006/0080-49.Google Scholar
Cuffey, R.J., 1994, Cretaceous bryozoan faunas of North America—preliminary generalizations, in Hayward, P.J., Ryland, J.S., and Taylor, P.D., eds., Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans: Fredensborg, Olsen & Olsen, p. 55–56.Google Scholar
Di Martino, E., and Taylor, P.D., 2013, First bryozoan fauna from a tropical Cretaceous carbonate: Simsima Formation, United Arab Emirates–Oman border region: Cretaceous Research, v. 43, p. 80–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2013.02.004.Google Scholar
Dzik, J., 1975, The origin and early phylogeny of the cheilostomatous Bryozoa: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 20, p. 395–423.Google Scholar
Ehlers, , 1876, Hypophorella expansa. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der minierenden Bryozoen: Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaft zu Göttingen, v. 21, p. 3–156.Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, C.G., 1831, Symbolæ physicæ, seu icones et descriptiones animalium evertebratorum, sepositis insectis, quae ex itineribus per Libyam, Ægyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam, Arabiam et Habessiniam publico institutis sumptu Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiano Godofredi Ehrenberg medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum, studio annis MDCCCXX–MDCCCXXV redierunt: Berlin, G. Reimer, 128 p.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1848, List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collections of the British Museum. Part I. Centrionae or Radiated Animals: London, Trustees of the British Museum, 173 p.Google Scholar
Hill, R.T., 1891, The Comanche Series of the Texas-Arkansas region: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 2, p. 503–528. DOI: 10.1130/GSAB-2-503.Google Scholar
Hincks, T., 1880, A History of the British Marine Polyzoa: London, J. Van Voorst, 601 p.Google Scholar
Lang, W.D., 1915, On some new uniserial Cretaceous cheilostome Polyzoa: Geological Magazine, v. 2, p. 496–504. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756800203646.Google Scholar
Levinsen, G.M.R., 1902, Studies on Bryozoa: Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, v. 54, p. 1–31.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C., 1767, Systema naturæ, Tom. I. Pars II. Editio duodecima reformata, in Linnaeus, C., ed., Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, 12th ed: Stockholm, Salvius, p. 533–1327.Google Scholar
Lozo, F.E., and Stricklin, F.L., 1956, Stratigraphic notes on the outcrop basal Cretaceous, central Texas: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies, Transactions, v. 6, p. 67–78.Google Scholar
Mantell, G.A., 1844, The medals of creation or, First lessons in geology, and the study of organic remains: London, Henry G. Bohn, 930 p. 1st edition. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.13910.Google Scholar
Martha, S.O., and Taylor, P.D., 2016, A new western European Cretaceous bryozoan genus from the early Cenomanian radiation of neocheilostomes: Papers in Palaeontology, v. 2, p. 311–321. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1042.Google Scholar
Martha, S.O., and Taylor, P.D., 2017, The oldest erect cheilostome bryozoan: Jablonskipora gen. nov. from the upper Albian of south-west England: Papers in Palaeontology, v. 4, p. 55–66. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1097.Google Scholar
Martha, S.O., Taylor, P.D., and Rader, W.L., 2019, Early Cretaceous cyclostome bryozoans from the early to middle Albian of the Glen Rose and Walnut formations of Texas, USA: Journal of Paleontology. DOI: 10.1017/jpa.2018.79.Google Scholar
Moore, C.H., 1964, Stratigraphy of the Fredericksburg Division, south-central Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology Austin, Texas: Report of Investigations, v. 52, p. 1–48.Google Scholar
d'Orbigny, A., 1851, Paléontologie française. Description zoologique et géologique de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnés fossiles de France, comprenant leur application à la reconnaissance des couches. Terrains Crétacés. Tome cinquième, contenant les bryozoaires: Paris, Victor Masson, p. 1–188.Google Scholar
d'Orbigny, A., 1852, Paléontologie française. Description zoologique et géologique de tous les animaux mollusques et rayonnés fossiles de France, comprenant leur application à la reconnaissance des couches. Terrains Crétacés. Tome cinquième, contenant les bryozoaires: Paris, Victor Masson, p. 189–472.Google Scholar
Ostrovsky, A.N., Taylor, P.D., Dick, M.H., and Mawatari, S.F., 2008, Pre-Cenomanian cheilostome Bryozoa: current state of knowledge, in Okada, H., Mawatari, S.F., Suzuki, N., and Gautam, P., eds., Origin and Evolution of Natural Diversity: Proceedings of the International Symposium “The Origin and Evolution of Natural Diversity” held from 1–5 October 2007 in Sapporo, Japan: Sapporo, Hokkaido University, p. 69–74.Google Scholar
Phillips, J., 1829, Illustrations of the geology of Yorkshire; or, A description of the strata and organic remains of the Yorkshire coast: accompanied by a geological map, sections, and plates of the fossil plants and animals: York, T. Wilson, 192 p. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.30592.Google Scholar
Scott, R.W., Molineux, A.M., Löser, H., and Mancini, E.A., 2007, Lower Albian sequence stratigraphy and coral buildups: Glen Rose Formation, Texas, U.S.A: SEPM Special Publication, v. 87, p. 181–191. DOI: 10.2110/pec.07.87.0181.Google Scholar
Stricklin, F.L., Smith, C.I., and Lozo, F.E., 1971, Stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous Trinity deposits of central Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology Austin, Texas: Report of Investigations, v. 71, p. 1–63.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1986a, The ancestrula and early growth pattern in two primitive cheilostome bryozoans: Pyripora catenularia (Fleming) and Pyriporopsis portlandensis Pohowsky: Journal of Natural History, v. 20, p. 101–110. DOI: 10.1080/00222938600770091.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1986b, Charixa Lang and Spinicharixa gen. nov., cheilostome bryozoans from the Lower Cretaceous: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, v. 40, p. 197–222.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1988, Major radiation of cheilostome bryozoans: triggered by the evolution of a new larval type?: Historical Biology, v. 1, p. 45–64. DOI: 10.1080/08912968809386466.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1990, Bioimmured ctenostomes from the Jurassic and the origin of the cheilostome Bryozoa: Palaeontology, v. 33, p. 19–34.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., 1994, An early cheilostome bryozoan from the Upper Jurassic of Yemen: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 191, p. 331–344.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D., and McKinney, F.K., 2006, Cretaceous Bryozoa from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, United States: Scripta Geologica, v. 132, p. 1–346.Google Scholar
Thomas, H.D., and Larwood, G.P., 1956, Some “uniserial” membraniporine polyzoan genera and a new American Albian species: Geological Magazine, v. 93, p. 369–376. DOI: 10.1017/S0016756800066814.Google Scholar
Todd, J.A., 2000, The central role of ctenostomes in bryozoan phylogeny, in Herrera-Cubilla, A., and Jackson, J.B.C., eds., Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Republic of Panama, January 26–31, 1998: Balboa, The Institute, p. 104–135.Google Scholar
Todd, J.A., Taylor, P.D., and Favorskaya, T.A., 1997, A bioimmured ctenostome bryozoan from the early Cretaceous of the Crimea and the new genus Simplicidium: Geobios, v. 30, p. 205–213. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-6995(97)80225-2.Google Scholar
Vine, G.R., 1890, A monogaph of the Polyzoa (Bryozoa) of the Red Chalk of Hunstanton: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, v. 46, p. 454–486. DOI: 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1890.046.01-04.30.Google Scholar
Voigt, E., 1966, Die Erhaltung vergänglicher Organismen durch Abformung infolge lnkrustation durch sessile Tiere unter besonderer Berücksichtigung einiger Bryozoen und Hydrozoen aus der Oberen Kreide: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 125, p. 401–422.Google Scholar
Voigt, E., 1968, Eine fossile Art von Arachnidium (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata) in der Unteren Kreide Norddeutschlands: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 132, p. 87–96.Google Scholar
Ward, W.C., and Ward, W.B., 2007, Stratigraphy of middle part of Glen Rose Formation (lower Albian), Canyon Lake Gorge, central Texas, U.S.A: SEPM Special Publication, v. 87, p. 193–204. DOI: 10.2110/pec.07.87.0193.Google Scholar
Young, K., 1967, Comanche Series (Cretaceous), south central Texas, in Hendricks, L., ed., Comanchean (Lower Cretaceous) stratigraphy and paleontology of Texas: Publication of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Permian Basin Section, v. 67–68, p. 9–29.Google Scholar