Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T01:01:40.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dikelocephalid trilobites from the Eosaukia fauna (Upper Furongian) of the Taebaek Group, Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Seung-Bae Lee
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea,
Duck K. Choi
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea,

Abstract

The Eosaukia fauna is proposed for the upper Furongian trilobite assemblage from the interval spanning from the upper part of the Hwajeol Formation to the lowermost part of the Dongjeom Formation in the Taebaek Group, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. It is characterized by the dominance of dikelocephalid trilobites comprising Eosaukia micropora, E. bella, E. acuta, Mictosaukia cf. M. globosa, and Taebaeksaukia spinata n. gen. n. sp. Taxonomic reappraisal of the genus Mictosaukia that has been employed as an upper Cambrian index taxon in eastern Gondwana reveals that more than half of the species of Mictosaukia belong in Eosaukia. This study clarifies the generic concept of Eosaukia, which provides a more reliable biostratigraphic correlation for the upper Furongian strata in eastern Gondwanan regions. The Eosaukia fauna is correlated with the “Mictosaukia” faunas from the upper Fengshanian of North China, upper Taoyuanian of South China, and upper Payntonian of Australia.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, W. C., Feniak, O. W., and Kurtz, V. E.. 1952. Trilobites of the Franconia Formation, southeast Minnesota. Journal of Paleontology, 26:175198.Google Scholar
Berg, R. R. 1953. Franconian trilobites from Minnesota and Wisconsin. Journal of Paleontology, 27:553568.Google Scholar
Chen, J.-Y., Qian, Y.-Y., Zhang, J.-M., Lin, Y.-K., Yin, L.-M., Wang, Z.-H., Wang, Z.-Z., Yang, J.-D., and Wang, Y.-X.. 1988. The recommended Cambrian-Ordovician global boundary stratotype of the Xiaoyangqiao section (Dayangcha, Jilin Province), China. Geological Magazine, 125:415444.Google Scholar
Choi, D. K. 1998. The Yongwol Group (Cambrian-Ordovician) redefined: a proposal for the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Choson Supergroup. Geosciences Journal, 2:220234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, D. K. and Chough, S. K.. 2005. The Cambrian-Ordovician stratigraphy of the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea: a review. Geosciences Journal, 9:187214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, D. K., Kim, D. H., Sohn, J. W., and Lee, S.-B.. 2003. Trilobite faunal successions across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary intervals in Korea and their correlation with China and Australia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 21:781793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, D. K., Chough, S. K., Kwon, Y. K., Lee, S.-B., Woo, J., Kang, I., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. M., Sohn, J. W., Shinn, Y. J., and Lee, D.-J.. 2004. Taebaek Group (Cambrian-Ordovician) in the Seokgaejae section, Taebaeksan Basin: a refined lower Paleozoic stratrigraphy in Korea. Geosciences Journal, 8:125151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chough, S. K., Kwon, S. T., Ree, J. H., and Choi, D. K.. 2000. Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Korean peninsula: a review and new view. Earth-Science Reviews, 52:175235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, W. T. 1982. The Cambrian-Ordovician transition in south-eastern Turkey and adjacent areas, p. 8794. In Bassett, M. G. and Dean, W. T. (eds.), The Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary: Sections, Fossil Distributions, and Correlations. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 3, Cardiff.Google Scholar
Duan, J.-Y., An, S.-L., and Zhao, D.. 1986. Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary and its Interval Biotas, Southern Jilin, Northeast China. Changchun College of Geology, Changchun, 124 p.Google Scholar
Duan, J.-Y., An, S.-L., Liu, P.-J., Peng, X.-D., and Zhang, L.-Q.. 2005. The Cambrian Stratigraphy, Faunas and Palaeogeography in Eastern Part of North China Plate. Yayuan Publishing Company, Hong Kong, 255 p. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Eedo, R. and Resser, C. E.. 1937. The Sinian and Cambrian formations and fossils of southern Manchoukuo. Manchurian Science Museum Bulletin, 1:1474.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1994. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Sultanate of Oman. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 194:2553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geyer, G. and Shergold, J. H.. 2000. The quest for internationally recognized divisions of Cambrian time. Episodes, 23:188195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, R. E. 1962. Trilobite distribution, upper Franconia Formation (Upper Cambrian), southeastern Minnesota. Journal of Paleontology, 36:965998.Google Scholar
Grant, R. E. 1965. Faunas and stratigraphy of the Snowy Range Formation (Upper Cambrian) in southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming. Geological Society of America Memoir, 96, 171 p.Google Scholar
Henningsmoen, G. 1957. The trilobite family Olenidae with description of Norwegian material and remarks on the olenid and Tremadocian Series. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, 1, Matematisk-naturvidenskapelig klasse 1957(1), 303 p.Google Scholar
Hupe, P. 1955. Classification des trilobites. Annales de Paléontologie, 41:91325.Google Scholar
Jell, P. A. and Adrain, J. M.. 2003. Available generic names for trilobites. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 48:331553.Google Scholar
Kim, D. H. and Choi, D. K.. 2000. Jujuyaspis and associated trilobites from the Mungok Formation (Lower Ordovician), Yongwol, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, 74:10311042.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, W. B. R. 1937. Cambrian trilobites from Iran (Persia). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica New Series, 22:122.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1931. Studies on the stratigraphy and palaeontology of the Cambro-Ordovician formation of Hua-lie-chai and Niu-hsin-tai, South Manchuria. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 8:131189.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1933a. Upper Cambrian of the Wuhutsui basin, Liaotung, with special reference to the limit of the Chaumitien (or Upper Cambrian) of eastern Asia and its subdivision. Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, 11:55155.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1933b. Faunal study of the Wanwanian (basal Ordovician) Series with special notes on the Ribeiridae and the ellesmereoceroids. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section 2, 3:249328.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1935. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Chosen, Palaeontology, Pt. 3, Cambrian faunas of South Chosen with a special study on the Cambrian genera and families. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, Section 2, 4:49344.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1957. Upper Cambrian fossils from peninsular Thailand. Journal of Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo 10, Pt. 3:367382.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1960. Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea, Pt. 7, Paleontology 6. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section 2, 12:329420.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T. 1966. The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea, Pt. 10, stratigraphy of the Chosen Group in Korea and South Manchuria and its relationship to the Cambro-Ordovician formations of other areas. Section A, the Chosen Group of South Korea. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section 2, 16:184.Google Scholar
Kuo, K.-C., Duan, J.-Y., and An, S.-L.. 1982. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the North China Platform with descriptions of trilobites. Journal of Changchun College of Geology, 3:928. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Kushan, B. 1973. Stratigraphie und trilobiten fauna in der Mila-Formation (Mittlekambrium-Tremadoc) im Alborz-gebirge (N-Iran). Palaeontogrraphica, 144A:113165.Google Scholar
Labandeira, C. C. and Hughes, N. C.. 1994. Biometry of the late Cambrian trilobite genus Dikelocephalus and its implications for trilobite systematic. Journal of Paleontology, 68:492517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landing, E., Westrop, S. R., and Keppie, J. D.. 2007. Terminal Cambrian and lowest Ordovician succession of Mexican West Gondwana: biotas and sequence stratigraphy of the Tiñu Formation. Geological Magazine, 144:909936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.-B. and Choi, D. K.. 2007. Trilobites of the Pseudokoldinioidia fauna (uppermost Cambrian) from the Taebaek Group, Taebaeksan basin, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, 81:14541465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.-B., Lee, D.-C., and Choi, D. K.. 2008. Cambrian-Ordovician trilobite family Missisquoiidae Hupé, 1955: systematic revision and palaeogeographical considerations based on cladsitic analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 260:315341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.-B., Lefebvre, B., and Choi, D. K.. 2005. Latest Cambrian cornutes (Echinodermata: Stylophora) from the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. Journal of Paleontology, 79:139151.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, S.-J. and Yin, G.-Z.. 1973. New trilobites from Loushanguan Group (Middle-Upper Cambrian) of northeast Guizhou, South China. Communication of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of southwest China, 3:2234. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Lochman, C. 1956. The evolution of some Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobite families. Journal of Paleontology, 30:445462.Google Scholar
Longacre, S. A. 1970. Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Ptychaspid Biomere Wilberns Formation, central Texas. Paleontological Society Memoir, 4, 70 p.Google Scholar
Lu, Y.-H. 1954. Upper Cambrian trilobites from Santu, southeastern Kueichou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 2:136152.Google Scholar
Lu, Y.-H. and Zhou, T.-R.. 1990. Trilobites across the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the transitional region of Sandu, southwestern Guizhou. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 5:184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, Y.-H., Chang, W.-T., Chu, C.-L., Chien, Y.-Y., and Hsiang, L.-W.. 1965. Chinese Fossils of All Group, Trilobites of China. Science Press, Beijing, 766 p. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R. and Westrop, S. R.. 1983. Franconian trilobites of New York State. New York State Museum Memoir, 23, 83 p.Google Scholar
Ludvigsen, R., Westrop, S. R., and Kindle, C. H.. 1989. Sunwaptan (Upper Cambrian) trilobites of the Cow Head Group, western Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 6:1175.Google Scholar
Luo, H.-L. 1974. Cambrian trilobites, p. 597694. In Palaeontological Atlas of Yunnan Province. People's Press of Yunnan Province, Kunming.Google Scholar
Luo, H.-L. 1983. New finds of trilobites from Late Cambrian in western Yunnan, p. 130. In Contribution to the geology of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, 11. Science Press, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Mansuy, H. 1915. Faunes Cambriennes du Haut-Tonkin. Mémoires du Service Géologique de L'Indochine, 4, 35 p.Google Scholar
Mansuy, H. 1916. Faunes Cambriennes de l'Extrême-Orient méridional. Mémoires du Service Géologique de L'Indochine, 5, 44 p.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1889. North American Geology and Paleontology for the use of amateurs, students and scientists. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, Ohio, 718 p.Google Scholar
Miller, J. F., Evans, K. R., Loch, J. D., Ethington, R. L., Stitt, J. H., Holmer, L., and Popov, L. E.. 2003. Stratigraphy of the Sauk III Interval (Cambrian-Ordovician) in the Ibex Area, western Millard County, Utah and central Texas. Brigham Young University Geology Studies, 47:23118.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. (ed.). 1959. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part O, Arthropoda 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Boulder and Lawrence.Google Scholar
Nan, R.-S. 1976. Trilobites, p. 333351. In Palaeontological Atlas of North China, Pt. 1. Inner Mongolia, Geological Publishing House, Beijing.Google Scholar
Peng, S.-C. 1983. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cili-Taoyuan border area, northern Hunan, p. 4452. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Papers for the Symposium in the Cambrian-Ordovician and Ordovician-Silurian boundaries, Nanjing, China.Google Scholar
Peng, S.-C. 1984. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Cili-Taoyuan border area, northwestern Hunan, with descriptions of relative trilobites, p. 285405. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Systemic Boundaries in China. Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary 1, Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei.Google Scholar
Peng, S.-C. 1992. Upper Cambrian biostratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cili-Taoyuan area, northwestern Hunan, China. Memoir of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists, 13, 119 p.Google Scholar
Peng, S.-C., Geyer, G., and Hamdi, B.. 1999. Trilobites from the Shahmirzad section, Alborz Mountains, Iran: their taxonomy, biostratigraphy and bearing for international correlation. Beringeria, 25:366.Google Scholar
Qian, Y.-Y. 1985a. Trilobites, p. 6583. In Chen, J.-Y., Qian, Y.-Y., Lin, Y.-K., Zhang, J.-M., Wang, Z.-H., Yin, L.-M., and Erdtmann, B. D. (eds.), Study on Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary Strata and its Biota in Dayangcha, Hunjiang, Jilin, China. China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing.Google Scholar
Qian, Y.-Y. 1985b. Late Late Cambrian trilobites from the Tangcun Formation of Jingxian, southern Anhui. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 2:137167.Google Scholar
Qian, Y.-Y. 1986. Trilobites, p. 255313. In Chen, J.-Y. (ed.), Aspects of Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary in Dayangcha, China. China Prospect Publishing House, Beijing.Google Scholar
Qiu, H.-A. 1984. Trilobites from the Upper Cambrian Tangcun Formation in Jinxian, southern Anhui. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 23:329341.Google Scholar
Raasch, G. O. 1951. Revision of Croixan dikelocephalids. Illinois Academy of Science Transactions, 44:137151.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1924. New Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobites from Vermont. Boston Society of Natural History Proceedings, 37:389466.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1937. Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Trilobita and Ostracoda from Vermont. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 48:10791146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robison, R. A. and Pantoja-Alor, J.. 1968. Tremadocian trilobites from the Nochixtlan region, Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 42:767800.Google Scholar
Ross, R. J. Jr., Hintze, L. F., Ethington, L. F., Miller, R. L., Taylor, J. F., and Repetski, M. E.. 1997. The Ibexian, lowermost series in the North American Ordovician. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1579:150.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1864. A Monograph of British Trilobites, Pt. 1. Palaeontographical Society, London, Monograph, 80 p.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H. 1972. Late Cambrian trilobites from the Gola Beds, western Queensland. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin, 112:1126.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H. 1975. Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from the Burke River structural belt, western Queensland, Australia. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin, 153:1251.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H. 1991. The Pacoota Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, Northern Territory: stratigraphy and palaeontology. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin, 237:193.Google Scholar
Shergold, J. H., Burret, C., Akerman, T., and Stait, B.. 1988. Late Cambrian trilobites from Tarutao Island, Thailand. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir, 44:303320.Google Scholar
Sohn, J. W. and Choi, D. K.. 2005. The Late Cambrian trilobite Hamashania from Korea. Alcheringa, 20:195203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohn, J. W. and Choi, D. K.. 2007. Furongian trilobites from the Asioptychaspis and Quadraticephalus zones of the Hwajeol Formation, Taebaeksan Basin, Korea. Geosciences Journal, 11:297314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stitt, J. H. 1971. Late Cambrian and earliest Ordovician trilobites, Timbered Hills and lower Arbuckle groups, Western Arbuckle Mountains, Murray County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 110:183.Google Scholar
Stitt, J. H. 1977. Late Cambrian and earliest Ordovician trilobites, Wichita Mountains area, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin, 124:179.Google Scholar
Sun, H.-B. 1990. Trilobites from the Upper Cambrian Fengshan Formation and the base of the Lower Ordovician Yeli Formation in Pingquan, Hebei Province. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 22:98110. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Sun, Y.-C. 1924. Contributions to the Cambrian faunas of North China. Palaeontologia Sinica. Series B, 1, 109 p.Google Scholar
Sun, Y.-C. 1935. The Upper Cambrian trilobite faunas of North China. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series B, 7, 93 p.Google Scholar
Sun, Y.-C. and Xiang, L.-W.. 1979. Late Upper Cambrian trilobite fauna from western Yunnan. Bulletin Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1:115. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Taylor, M. E. and Halley, R. B.. 1974. Systematics, environment, and biogeography of some Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician trilobites from eastern New York State. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 834:138.Google Scholar
Ulrich, E. O. and Resser, C. E.. 1933. The Cambrian of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Pt. 2, Trilobita, Saukiinae. Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, 12:123306.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1905. Cambrian faunas of China. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 29(1415):1106.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1906. Cambrian faunas of China. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, 30(1458):563595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1913. The Cambrian faunas of China, p. 3276. In Willis, B., Blackwelder, E., and Sargent, R. H. (eds.), Research in China, Vol. 3, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication, 54.Google Scholar
Walcott, C. D. 1914. Dikelocephalus and other genera of the Dikelocephalinae. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 57:345413.Google Scholar
Westrop, S. R. 1986. Trilobites of the Upper Cambrian Sunwaptan Stage, southern Rocky Mountains, Alberta. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 3, 179 p.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B. and Kelly, S. R. A.. 1997. Morphological terms applied to Trilobita, p. 313329. In Kaesler, R. L. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Pt. O. Arthropoda 1, Trilobita (revised). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Winston, D. and Nicholls, H.. 1967. Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician faunas from the Wilberns Formation of Central Texas. Journal of Paleontology, 41:6696.Google Scholar
Wolfart, R. 1970. Die fauna (Brachiopoda, Trilobita) aus dem Unter-Tremadoc von Surkh Bum und ihre biostratigraphische Schlüsselstellung. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 89:569. (In German)Google Scholar
Yin, G.-Z. and Li, S.-J.. 1978. Trilobita, p. 385594. In Palaeontological Atlas of Southwest China, Guizhou volume, 1 Cambrian-Devonian. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zhang, J.-L. and Wang, S.-X.. 1985. Trilobita, p. 327488. In Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (ed.), Palaeontological Atlas of North China, Pt. 1, Palaeozoic volume. Geological Publishing House, Beijing. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zhang, W.-T. 2003. Cambrian biostratigraphy of China, p. 55119. In Zhang, W.-T., Chen, P.-J., and Palmer, A. R. (eds.), Biostratigraphy of China. Science Press, Beijing.Google Scholar
Zhang, W.-T. and Jell, P. A.. 1987. Cambrian Trilobites of North China. Science Press, Beijing, 459 p.Google Scholar
Zhang, W.-T., Xiang, L.-W., Liu, Y.-H., and Meng, X.-S.. 1995. Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobites from Henan. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 6:1166.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Y. and Zhang, J.-L.. 1978. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary of the Tangshan area with descriptions of the related trilobite fauna. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 17:132. (In Chinese)Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Y. and Zhang, J.-L.. 1985. Uppermost Cambrian and lowest Ordovician trilobites of North and Northeast China, p. 63194. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systematics Boundaries in China, Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary 2. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Q., Li, J.-S., and Qu, X.-G.. 1982. Trilobita, p. 215294. In Paleontological Atlas of northwest China, Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Volume, Pt. 1, Precambrian and Early Paleozoic. Geological Publishing House, Beijing.Google Scholar
Zhou, Z.-Y., Wang, Z.-H., Zhang, J.-M., Lin, Y.-K., and Zhang, J.-L.. 1985. Cambrian-Ordovician boundary sections and the proposed candidates for stratotype in North and Northeast China, p. 162. In Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Systematics Boundaries in China, Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary 2. Anhui Science and Technology Publishing House, Hefei.Google Scholar
Zhu, Z.-L. and Wittke, H. W.. 1989. Upper Cambrian trilobites from Tangshan, Hebei Province, North China. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 4:199259.Google Scholar