Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T18:07:30.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biogeography of northeastern Atlantic Neogene chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora): New data from the Pliocene of Portugal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2022

Bruno Dell'Angelo ,
Bernard M. Landau ,
Carlos Marques da Silva Open the ORCID record for Carlos Marques da Silva [Opens in a new window]  and
Maurizio Sosso
Bruno Dell'Angelo
Affiliation:
Via Briscata 16/6, 16154 Genova, Italy
Bernard M. Landau
Affiliation:
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias São João, P-8200 Albufeira, Portugal
Carlos Marques da Silva*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Geologia and Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
Maurizio Sosso
Affiliation:
Via Bengasi 4, 16153 Genova, Italy
*
*Corresponding author
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on extensive new material, 2088 valves resulting from search sampling of ~500 kg of sediment, the Pliocene chiton biodiversity of the Mondego Basin (Portugal) is reassessed. Twelve species were identified, assigned to seven genera. Eight species are new for the Pliocene of Portugal, as well as two of the genera: Hanleya, Acanthochitona. Two taxa are described as new: Ischnochiton loureiroi n. sp. and Lepidochitona rochae n. sp. Until now, the polyplacophoran European Neogene record was too poorly known to be of help in generating a clear picture of the Miocene to present-day biogeography of the group. This new wealth of data from western Iberia, in conjunction with recent data from the Loire Basin Upper Miocene assemblages (France), allows clarification the Late Miocene to Recent eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean biogeography of the Polyplacophora. The northern range of warm-water northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Polyplacophora experienced a sharp contraction since, at least, Late Miocene to Early Pliocene times. Warm-water chiton species represented in the Upper Miocene of the Loire Basin of NE France (European-West African Province) and the Pliocene of the Mondego Basin of central-west Portugal (Pliocene French-Iberian Province) are today confined to the southern Mediterranean-Moroccan Molluscan Province.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/a2a550c0-caed-449a-aa45-9492c45f882e

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 96 , Issue 4 , July 2022 , pp. 814 - 838
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, H., and Adams, A., 1853–1858, The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization: London, John van Voorst, v. 1, p. 1–256 (1853), p. 257–484 (1854); v. 2, p. 1–284 (1855), p. 285–412 (1856), p. 413–540 (1857), p. 541–660 (1858).Google Scholar
Anseeuw, B., and Verstraeten, J., 2009, Range extension for Lepidochitona canariensis (Thiele, 1909) (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Tonicellidae): Neptunea, v. 8, p. 30–32.Google Scholar
Antevs, E., 1917, Post-glacial marine shell-beds in Bohuslän: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 39, p. 247–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antevs, E., 1928, Shell Beds on the Skagerack: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 50, p. 479–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnaud, P.M., 1977, Revision des taxa malacologiques mediterraneens introduits par Antoine Risso: Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice, v. 5, p. 101–150.Google Scholar
Ávila, S.P., and Sigwart, J., 2013, New records for the shallow-water chiton fauna (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of the Azores (NE Atlantic): ZooKeys, v. 312, p. 23–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ávila, S.P., Melo, C., Bernig, B., Cordeiro, R., Landau, B., and Silva, C.M. da, 2016, Persististrombus coronatus (Mollusca: Strombidae) in the lower Pliocene of Santa Maria Island (Azores, NE Atlantic): paleoecology, paleoclimatology and paleobiogeographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 441, p. 912–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bałuk, W., 1971, Lower Tortonian chitons from the Korytnica clays, southern slopes of the Holy Cross Mts.: Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 21, p. 449–472.Google Scholar
Bałuk, W., 1984, Additional data on chitons and cuttlefish from the Korytnica clays (Middle Miocene; Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland): Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 34, p. 281–297.Google Scholar
Barash, A., and Danin, Z., 1977, Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the eastern Mediterranean: Journal de Conchyliologie, v. 114, p. 1–28.Google Scholar
Barash, A., and Danin, Z., 1992, Fauna Palaestina. Mollusca I. Annotated list of Mediterranean Molluscs of Israel and Sinai: Jerusalem, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 405 p.Google Scholar
Beck, T., Metzger, T., and Freiwald, A., 2006, Biodiversity inventorial atlas (BIAS) of macrofaunal associations from OASIS seamount study sites: Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 127 p.Google Scholar
Bellomo, E., and Sabelli, B., 1995, A new addition to the Mediterranean Pleistocene “Boreal Guests”: Hanleya nagelfar (Lovén, 1864) (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) from Calabria (S. Italy): Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 34, p. 201–204.Google Scholar
Bergenhayn, J.R.M., 1930, Kurze Bemerkungen zur Kenntnis der Schalenstruktur und Systematik der Loricaten: Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, v. 9, p. 1–54.Google Scholar
Bergenhayn, J.R.M., 1955, Die Fossilen Schwedischen Loricaten nebst einer vorlaufigen revision des systems der ganzen klasse Loricata: Acta Universitatis Lundensis, v. 51, p. 1–44.Google Scholar
Beu, A.G., Dell, R.K., and Fleming, C.A., 1969, Rhyssoplax Thiele, 1893 (Mollusca, Amphineura): request for designation of a type-species under the plenary powers: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 25, p. 184–185.Google Scholar
Brogger, W.C., 1901, Om de senglaciale og postglaciale nivåforandringer i Kristiania-feltet (Mollukfaunan): Norges Geologiske Undersögelse, v. 31, p. 1–731.Google Scholar
Cachão, M., 1990, Posicionamento Biostratigráfico da Jazida Pliocénica de Carnide: Gaia, v. 2, p. 11–16.Google Scholar
Capellini, J., 1859, Catalogue des oscabrions de la Méditerranée suivi de la description de quelques espèces nouvelles: Journal de Conchyliologie, v. 7, p. 321–328.Google Scholar
Carmona Zalvide, P., and García García, F.J., 2000, El género Lepidochitona Gray, 1921 (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) en el litoral Atlántico de la Península Ibérica: Iberus, v. 18 (2), p. 17–30.Google Scholar
Carmona Zalvide, P., García, F.J., and Urgorri, V., 2000, Nuevos datos anatomicos y taxonomicos el genero Chiton Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) en la Peninsula Iberica: Iberus, v. 18 (2), p. 1–15.Google Scholar
Carmona Zalvide, P., García, F.J., and Urgorri, V., 2002, Consideraciones taxonómicos y zoogeográficas del género Callochiton Gray, 1847 en la Península Ibérica: Archiv für Molluskenkunde, v. 131, p. 185–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho, A.M.G., 1961, Note sur les Bryozoaires du Pliocène de Pombal: Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, v. 14, p. 95–103.Google Scholar
Cecalupo, A., Buzzurro, G., and Mariani, M., 2008, Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna del Golfo di Gabès (Tunisia): Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, v. 31, p. 1–175.Google Scholar
Cesari, P., 1987, Note sistematiche e geonemiche su alcune specie mediterranee del genere Leptochiton Gray, 1847 (Polyplacophora, Leptochitonidae): Lavori Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, v. 12, p. 3–34.Google Scholar
Chandan, D., and Peltier, W.R., 2017, Regional and global climate for the mid-Pliocene using the University of Toronto version of CCSM4 and PlioMIP2 boundary conditions: Climate Past, v. 13, p. 919–942.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherns, L., and Schwabe, E., 2019, Eocene and Oligocene chitons (Polyplacophora) from the Paris and Hampshire Basins: Historical Biology, v. 31, p. 684–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chirli, C., 2004, Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana. Vol. 4. Polyplacophora Gray J.E., 1821. Monoplacophora Odhner, 1940. Archaeogastropoda Thiele, 1925: Firenze, Italy, B.B.M., 113 p.Google Scholar
Costa, O.-G., 1829, Catalogo Sistematico e Ragionato de' Testacei delle Due Sicilie: Napoli, Tipografia Della Minerva, 140 p.Google Scholar
Crocetta, F., Bitar, G., Zibrowius, H., Capua, C., Dell'Angelo, B., and Oliverio, M., 2014, Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea—III. New records and a state of the art of Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda from Lebanon: Spixiana, v. 37, p. 183–206.Google Scholar
Dall, W.H., 1889, Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877–78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879–80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Blake”, Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding, 29: report on the Mollusca, 2. Gastropoda and Scaphopoda: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, v. 18, p. 1–492.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Forli, M., 1995, I Polyplacophora del Pleistocene inferiore di Riparbella (Pisa) con elenco dei molluschi rinvenuti: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 30, p. 221–252.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Giusti, F., 1997, I Polyplacophora di una tafocenosi profonda: La Conchiglia, v. 29, p. 51–58.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Palazzi, S., 1986, Considerazioni sulla famiglia Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) con descrizione di due nuovi taxa: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 22, p. 1–36.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Palazzi, S., 1989, Considerazioni sulla famiglia Leptochitonidae Dall, 1889 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). III. Le specie terziarie e quaternarie europee, con note sistematiche e filogenetiche: Atti Prima Giornata di Studi Malacologici CISMA, p. 19–140.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Silva, C.M. da, 2003, Polyplacophora from the Pliocene of Vale de Freixo: central-west Portugal: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 39, p. 7–16.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Smriglio, C., 1999, Chitoni Viventi del Mediterraneo: Roma, Edizioni Evolver, 256 p. [English ed. 2001, Living Chitons of the Mediterranean]Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Tringali, L.P., 2000, Prima segnalazione di Lepidochitona canariensis (Thiele, 1909) (Polyplacophora: Ischnochitonidae) per il mar Mediterraneo: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 35, p. 51–52.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., and Zavodnik, D., 2004, Marine fauna of the Mljet National Park (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). 4. Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Natura Croatica, v. 13, p. 319–341.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Lombardi, C., and Taviani, M., 1998, Chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) collected during cruise CS96 in the Strait of Sicily: Giornale di Geologia, v. 60, p. 235–252.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Palazzi, S., and Pavia, G., 1999, I molluschi del Messiniano Inferiore di Borelli (Torino). 4. Polyplacophora: Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, v. 16, p. 257–302.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Forli, M., and Lombardi, C., 2001, I Polyplacophora Plio-Pleistocenici della Toscana: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 36, p. 143–154.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Landau, B., and Marquet, R., 2004, Polyplacophora from the Early Pliocene of Estepona (Málaga, southwest Spain): Bollettino Malacologico, suppl. 5, p. 25–44.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Grigis, M., and Bonfitto, A., 2007, Notes on fossil chitons. 2. Polyplacophora from the Middle Miocene of Lǎpugiu (Romania): Bollettino Malacologico, v. 43, p. 39–50.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Garilli, V., Germanà, A., Reitano, A., Sosso, M., and Bonfitto, A., 2012, Notes on fossil chitons. 4. Polyplacophora from the Pliocene of Altavilla (NW Sicily): Bollettino Malacologico, v. 48, p. 51–68.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Sosso, M., Prudenza, M., and Bonfitto, A., 2013, Notes on Fossil Chitons. 5. Polyplacophora from the Pliocene of Western Liguria, northwest Italy: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 119, p. 65–107.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Giuntelli, P., Sosso, M., and Zunino, M., 2015, Polyplacophora from the Miocene of North Italy. Part 1: Leptochitonidae, Hanleyidae, Ischnochitonidae and Callistoplacidae: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 121, p. 217–242.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Giuntelli, P., Sosso, M., and Zunino, M., 2016, Polyplacophora from the Miocene of North Italy. Part 2: Callochitonidae, Chitonidae, Lepidochitonidae, Acanthochitonidae and Cryptoplacidae: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, v. 122, p. 71–102.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Renda, W., Sosso, M., Sigwart, J.D., and Giacobbe, S., 2017, A new species of Callochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean): Archiv für Molluskenkunde, v. 146, p. 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Lesport, J.-F., Cluzaud, A., and Sosso, M., 2018a, The Oligocene to Miocene chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) of the Aquitaine Basin, southwestern France, and Ligerian Basin, western France. Part 1: Leptochitonidae, Hanleyidae, Ischnochitonidae, Chitonidae, Spinochitonidae fam. nov. and Schizochitonidae: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 54, p. 1–47.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Landau, B., Van Dingenen, F., and Ceulemans, F., 2018b, The upper Miocene chitons of northwest France (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Zootaxa, v. 4447, p. 1–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dell'Angelo, B., Sosso, M., and Bonfitto, A., 2019, A new species of Ischnochiton (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Pleistocene of southern Italy: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 55, p. 45–49.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Lesport, J.-F., Cluzaud, A., and Sosso, M., 2020, The Oligocene to Miocene chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) of the Aquitaine Basin, southwestern France, and Ligerian Basin, western France. Part 2: Lepidochitonidae, Tonicellidae, Acanthochitonidae, Cryptoplacidae and Additions to Part 1: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 56, p. 1–58.Google Scholar
Dell'Angelo, B., Renda, W., Sirenko, B.I., Sosso, M., and Giacobbe, S., 2021, The Mediterranean distribution of Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe, 1844) and H. mediterranea Sirenko, 2014 (Polyplacophora): Bollettino Malacologico, v. 57, p. 124–135.Google Scholar
Diniz, F., 1984, Étude palynologique du bassin Pliocène de Rio Maior (Portugal): Paléobiologie Continentale, v. 14, p. 259–267.Google Scholar
Diniz, F., Silva, C.M. da, and Cachão, M., 2016, O Pliocénico de Pombal (Bacia do Mondego, Portugal Oeste): biostratigrafia, paleoecologia e paleobiogeografia: Estudos do Quaternário, v. 14, p. 41–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodge, H., 1952, A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus, Part I. The Classes Loricata and Pelecypoda: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 100, p. 1–264.Google Scholar
Dolan, A.M., Haywood, A.M., Hunter, S.J., Tindall, J.C., Dowsett, H.J., Hill, D.J., and Pickering, S.J., 2015, Modelling the enigmatic Late Pliocene Glacial Event—Marine Isotope Stage M2: Global and Planetary Change, v. 128, p. 47–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dons, C., 1934, Norges strandfauna. V. Chitonidae: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskab, v. 7, p. 4–7.Google Scholar
Dowsett, H.J, and Cronin, T.H., 1990, High eustatic sea level during the middle Pliocene: evidence from the southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coastal Plain: Geology, v. 18, p. 435–438.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dulai, A., 2005, Badenian (Middle Miocene) Polyplacophora from the central Paratethys (Bánd and Devecser, Bakony Mountains, Hungary): Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, v. 23, p. 29–50.Google Scholar
Ferreira, A.J., 1979, The family Lepidopleuridae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the eastern Pacific: The Veliger, v. 22, p. 145–165.Google Scholar
Ferreira, F., Pereira., S., and Silva, C.M. da, 2019, Balanídeos do Pliocénico de Vale de Freixo (Pombal, Portugal): dados preliminares: IX CJIG, LEG 2019, Abstracts Volume, Universidade de Évora, Estremoz, Portugal, 23–24 Novembro 2019, Livro de Actas, p. 67–70.Google Scholar
Garilli, V., Dell'Angelo, B., and Vardala-Theodorou, E., 2005, Polyplacophora from the Pleistocene of Kyllini (NW Peloponnese, Greece): Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 44, p. 117–144.Google Scholar
Gili, C., Silva, C.M. da, and Martinell, J., 1995, Pliocene nassariids (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) of central-west Portugal: Tertiary Research, v. 15, p. 95–110.Google Scholar
Giribet, G., and Penas, A., 1997, Fauna malacologica del litoral del Garraf (NE de la Peninsula Iberica): Iberus, v. 15, p. 41–93.Google Scholar
Gmelin, J.F., 1791, Vermes testacea, in Gmelin, J.F., ed., Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata: Lipsiae, G.E. Beer, p. 3021–4120.Google Scholar
Gomes, J.A.J., 2009, Malacofauna da Plataforma Continental Portuguesa [M.Sc. Thesis]: Aveiro, University of Aveiro, 89 p.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1821, A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure: London Medical Repository, v. 15, p. 229–239.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1828, Spicilegia Zoologica; or Original Figures and Short Systematic Descriptions of New and Unfigured Animals. Family Chitonidae: London, Treuttel, Wurtz and Co., and W. Wood, v. 1, p. 5–6.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1847, A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyms and types: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, v. 15, p. 129–206.Google Scholar
Gray, J.E., 1857, Guide to the systematic distribution of Mollusca in the British Museum, 1: London, Taylor & Francis, 230 p.Google Scholar
Hansson, H.G., 1998, NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): Scandinavian marine Mollusca Check-List: Internet Ed., Aug.1998. http://www.gu.se/sites/default/files/2020-10/NEAT%2AMollusca.pdfGoogle Scholar
Hernández, J.M., and Rolán, E., 2011, Clase Polyplacophora, in Rolán, E. (Coord.), Moluscos y Conchas Marinas de Canarias: Vigo, ConchBooks, p. 46–53, 407–411.Google Scholar
International Committee on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), 1971, Opinion 951. Rhyssoplax Thiele, 1893 (Amphineura): designation of a type-species under the Plenary Powers: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 28, p. 18–19.Google Scholar
Iredale, T., 1914, Some more notes on Polyplacophora, part 1: Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, v. 11, p. 123–131.Google Scholar
Issel, A., 1869, Malacologia del Mar Rosso. Ricerche Zoologiche e Paleontologiche: Pisa, Biblioteca Malacologica, 388 p.Google Scholar
Jeffreys, J.G., 1880, On a new species of chiton lately found on the British coasts: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 6, p. 33–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., 1979, On a collection of Polyplacophora (Mollusca, Amphineura) from the Bay of Biscay: Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, section A, v. 4, ser. 1, p. 13–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., 1981, Scandinavian species of Leptochiton Gray, 1847 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Sarsia, v. 66, p. 217–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., 1985, The genus Acanthochitona Gray, 1821 (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea, with designation of neotypes of A. fascicularis (L., 1767) and of A. crinita (Pennant, 1777): Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, section A, v. 4, ser. 7, p. 579–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., 1989, Notes on Loricata. 16. Chitons from the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia: Basteria, v. 53, p. 91–92.Google Scholar
Kaas, P., 1991, Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) procured by the CANCAP I-VII expeditions, 1976–86: Zoologische Mededeelingen, v. 65, p. 89–98.Google Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1981, The genus Lepidochitona Gray, 1821 (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea: Zoologische Verhandelingen, v. 185, p. 1–43.Google Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1985a, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 1. Order Neoloricata: Lepidopleurina: Leiden, E.J. Brill, W. Backuys, 240 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1985b, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 2. Suborder Ischnochitonina, Ischnochitonidae: Schizoplacinae, Callochitoninae & Lepidochitoninae: Leiden, E.J. Brill, W. Backhuys, 198 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1988, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 3. Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Chaetopleurinae & Ischnochitoninae (pars). Additions to Vols 1 & 2: Leiden, E.J. Brill, W. Backhuys, 302 p.Google Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1990, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 4. Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (continued). Additions to Volumes 1, 2 and 3: Leiden, E.J. Brill, 298 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., and Van Belle, R.A., 1994, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 5. Suborder Ischnochitonina: Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochitoninae (concluded), Callistoplacinae; Mopaliidae. Additions to Volumes 1–4: Leiden, E.J. Brill, 402 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaas, P., Van Belle, R.A., and Strack, H.L., 2006, Monograph of Living Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Volume 6. Suborder Ischnochitonina (concluded): Schizochitonidae; Chitonidae. Additions to Volumes 1–5. Leiden-Boston, E.J. Brill, 463 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kattoulas, M., Koukouras, A., and Economidis, P., 1973, Benthic fauna of the Evvoia Coast and Evvoia Gulf. 2. Polyplacophora (Mollusca): Scientific Annals of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Thessalonika, v. 13, p. 2.Google Scholar
Kilias, R., 1995, Polyplacophora-Typen und -Typoide (Mollusca) im Zoologischen Museum in Berlin: Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologisches Museum in Berlin, v. 1, p. 155–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koskeridou, E., Vardala-Theodorou, E., and Moissette, P., 2009, Pliocene and Pleistocene shallow-water chitons (Mollusca) from Rhodes Island, Greece: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 251, p. 303–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koukouras, A., and Karachle, P., 2005, The polyplacophoran (Eumollusca, Mollusca) fauna of the Aegean Sea with the description of a new species, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas: Journal of Biological Research, v. 3, p. 23–38.Google Scholar
Kroh, A., 2003, The Polyplacophora (Mollusca) of the Langhian (lower Badenian) of the Molasse Zone and the northern Vienna Basin (Austria): Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, v. 104A, p. 129–143.Google Scholar
Laghi, G.F., 1977, Polyplacophora (Mollusca) Neogenici dell'Appennino settentrionale: Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 16, p. 87–115.Google Scholar
Laghi, G.F., 2005, Upper Triassic chitons from the Italian Dolomites: Lavori della Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, v. 30, p. 79–84.Google Scholar
Landau, B.M., Silva, C.M. da, Van Dingenen, F., and Ceulemans, L., 2020, Lower Pliocene gastropod assemblages from northwestern France: palaeoceanographic and palaeobiogeographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 538, 109387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leloup, E., 1934, Contribution a la connaissance de la faune des chitons de Villafranche-sur-Mer et des environs (France, Mediterranee): Mededeelingen van het Koninklijk Natuurhistorisch Museum van België, v. 10 (47), p. 1–20.Google Scholar
Leloup, E., and Volz, P., 1938, Die Chitonen (Polyplacophoren) der Adria: Thalassia, v. 2, p. 1–63.Google Scholar
Light, J.M., and Baxter, J.M., 1990, Leptochiton scabridus (Jeffreys, 1880)—a live record from County Donegal, Ireland: Journal of Conchology, v. 33, p. 318.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C., 1767, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata: Holmiae, Laurentii Salvii, v. 1, p. 1–1327, v. 2, p. 1–37.Google Scholar
Loureiro, J., 1799, Memoria sobre huma especie de petrificação animal: Memorias de Mathematica e Phisica da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, v. 2, p. 47–48.Google Scholar
Lovén, S.L., 1846, Index molluscorum litora Scandinaviae Occidentalia habitantium: Öfversigt Af K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, v. 3, p. 134–160.Google Scholar
Lozouet, P., 2014, Temporal and latitudinal trends in the biodiversity of European Atlantic Cenozoic gastropod (Mollusca) faunas. A base for the history of biogeographic provinces: Carnets Géologie, v. 14, p. 273–314.Google Scholar
Macedo, M.C.C., Macedo, M.I.C., and Borges, J.P., 1999, Conchas Marinhas de Portugal. Lisboa, Editorial Verbo, 516 p.Google Scholar
Macioszczyk, W., 1988, Polyplacophora from the Badenian deposits of Weglinek, Weglin and Łichów (Western Roztocze—Poland): Prace Museum Ziemi, v. 40, p. 47–58.Google Scholar
Malatesta, A., 1962, Mediterranean Polyplacophora Cenozoic and Recent: Geologica Romana, v. 1, p. 145–171.Google Scholar
Marion, M.A.-F., 1883, Esquisse d'une topographie zoologique du golfe de Marseille: Annales du Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Marseille, Zoologie, v. 1, p. 3–108.Google Scholar
Marquet, R., 1984, A remarkable molluscan fauna from the Kattendijk Formation (Lower Pliocene) at Kallo (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium): Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, Paléontologie et Hydrologie, v. 93, p. 335–345.Google Scholar
Marquet, R., 2002, The Neogene Amphineura and Bivalvia (Protobranchia and Pteriomorphia) from Kallo and Doel (Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium): Palaeontos, v. 2, p. 1–100.Google Scholar
Mars, P., 1957, Liste des Mollusques testacés marins récoltés en Algerie par le “Dr.Lacaze-Duthiers” Juin–Juillet 1952. Amphineures: Vie et Milieu, suppl. 6, p. 121–122.Google Scholar
McKay, D.W., and Smith, S.M., 1979, Marine Mollusca of East Scotland: Edinburgh, Royal Scottish Museum, 185 p.Google Scholar
Mendonça, V.S.A., 2012, Padrões de Distribuição Espacial e de Variabilidade Morfológica de Quítones em Zonas entre-marés Rochosas e Arenosas [M.Sc. Thesis]: Lisbon, University of Lisbon, 140 p.Google Scholar
Mifsud, C., Cachia, C., and Sammut, P.M., 1990, Note sui Poliplacofori delle isole Maltesi: La Conchiglia, v. 22, p. 52–61.Google Scholar
Monegatti, P., and Raffi, S., 2001, Taxonomic diversity and stratigraphic distribution of Mediterranean Pliocene bivalves: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology, v. 165, p. 171–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monegatti, P., and Raffi, S., 2007, Mediterranean-Middle Eastern Atlantic Façade: molluscan biogeography and ecobiostratigraphy throughout the late Neogene: Açoreana, suppl. 5, p. 126–139.Google Scholar
Montagu, G., 1803, Testacea Britannica, or natural history of British shells, marine, land and the fresh-water, including the most minute: systematically arranged and embellished with figures: Romsey, London, 606 p.Google Scholar
Monterosato, M.T.A., 1879, Enumerazione e sinonimia delle conchiglie mediterranee. Parte II. Monografia dei Chitonidi del Mediterraneo: Giornale Scienze Naturali ed Economiche, v. 14, p. 1–31.Google Scholar
Morais, J.C. de, 1941, Mais alguns fósseis da região do Pinhal de Leiria: Publicações do Museu Mineralógico e Geológico da Universidade de Coimbra, Memórias e Notícias, v. 10, p. 3–5.Google Scholar
Moreno, D., and Gofas, S., 2011, Clase Polyplacophora, in Gofas, S., Moreno, D., and Salas, C. (Coords.), Moluscos Marinos de Andalucía: Malaga, Universidad de Málaga, v. 1, p. 65–76.Google Scholar
Nolf, D., and Silva, C.M. da, 1997, Otolithes de Poissons Pliocènes (Plaisancien) de Vale de Freixo, Portugal: Revue de Micropaléontologie, v. 40, p. 273–282.Google Scholar
Okada, H., and Bukry, D., 1980, Supplementary modification and introduction of code numbers to the low-latitude coccolith biostratigraphic zonation: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 5, p. 321–325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Öztürk, B., Doğan, A., Bitlis-Bakir, B., and Salman, A., 2014, Marine mollusks of the Turkish coasts: an updated checklist: Turkish Journal of Zoology, v. 38, p. 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pallary, P., 1900, Coquilles marines du littoral du departement d'Oran: Journal de Conchyliologie, v. 48, p. 211–421.Google Scholar
Pallary, P., 1920, Exploration scientifique du Maroc organisée par la Société de Géographie de Paris et continuée par la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. Deuxieme fasc. Malacologie (1912): Empire Chérifien, Archives Scientifiques du Protectorat Français, p. 1–108.Google Scholar
Pennant, T., 1777, The British Zoology, 4. Crustacea, Mollusca, Testacea: London, Benjamin White, 156 p.Google Scholar
Pereira, P., 2010, Echinoidea from the Neogene of Portugal mainland: Palaeontos, v. 18, p. 1–154.Google Scholar
Pilsbry, H.A., 1892–1894, Monograph of Polyplacophora, in Tryon, G.W., Manual of Conchology: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, v. 14, p. 1–128 (1892), p. 129–350 (1893); v. 15, p. 1–64 (1893), p. 65–133 (1894).Google Scholar
Pimentel, R., 2018, Bivalvia (Mollusca) do Pliocénico de Vale de Freixo (Pombal) [M.Sc. Thesis]: Lisbon, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, FCT-UNL, 239 p.Google Scholar
Plate, L.H., 1898–1901, Die Anatomie und Phylogenie der Chitonen, in Fauna Chilensis: Zoologische Jahrbücher, suppl., v. 4, p. 1–243 (1898); v. 5, p. 5–216 (1899); p. 281–600 (1901).Google Scholar
Pruvot, G., 1897, Essai sur les Fonds et la Faune de la Manche Occidentale (côtes de Bretagne) compares à ceux du Golfe du Lion: Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, v. 5, p. 511–664.Google Scholar
Raffi, S., and Monegatti, P., 1993, Bivalve taxonomic diversity throughout the Italian Pliocene as a tool for climatic-oceanographic and stratigraphic inference: Ciências da Terra (UNL), v. 12, p. 45–50.Google Scholar
Raffi, S., Stanley, S., and Marasti, R., 1985, Biogeographic patterns and Plio-Pleistocene extinction of Bivalvia in the Mediterranean and southern North Sea: Paleobiology, v. 11, p. 368–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rafinesque, C.S., 1815, Analyse de la Nature ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés. Palermo, Rafinesque, 223 p.Google Scholar
Reid, C., 1890, Pliocene deposits of Britain: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the UK, London, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 326 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risso, A., 1826, Histoire Naturelle des Principales Productions de l'Europe Méridionale et Principalement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes, 4. Mollusques: Paris, Levrault, 439 p.Google Scholar
Rochebrune, A.T. de, 1882, Monographie des espèces fossiles appartenant à la classe des Polyplaxiphores: Annales des Sciences Géologiques, v. 14, p. 1–74.Google Scholar
Rolán Mosquera, E., Otero-Schmitt, J., and Rolán Álvarez, E., 1990, Moluscos de la Ria de Vigo. II. Poliplacoforos, Bivalvos, Escafopodos, Cefalopodos: Thalassas, v. 2, 276 p.Google Scholar
Ruman, A., and Hudácková, N.H., 2015, Middle Miocene chitons (Polyplacophora) from the Slovak part of the Vienna Basin and the Danube Basin (central Paratethys): Acta Geologica Slovaca, v. 7, p. 155–173.Google Scholar
Sabelli, B., and Taviani, M., 1979, I Polyplacophora del Pleistocene inferiore del Torrente Stirone (Preappennino Parmense, Italia): Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, v. 18, p. 157–161.Google Scholar
Sacco, F., 1897, I Molluschi dei Terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XXII. Gasteropoda (fine). Pulmonata. Amphineura (Chitonidae). Scaphopoda (Dentaliidae): Torino, Carlo Clausen, 148 p.Google Scholar
Salas, C., and Luque, A.A., 1986, Contribucion al conocimiento de los moluscos marinos de la isla de Alboran: Iberus, v. 6, p. 29–37.Google Scholar
Santos, A., Mayoral, E., Johnson, M.E., Baarli, B.G., Cachão, M., Silva, C.M. da, and Ledesma-Vásquez, J., 2012, Extreme habitat adaptation by boring bivalves on volcanically active paleoshores from North Atlantic Macaronesia: Facies, v. 58, p. 325–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scacchi, A., 1836, Catalogus Conchyliorum Regni Neapolitani Quae Usque Adhuc Reperit A. Scacchi: Neapoli, Typis Filiatae Sebetii, 19 p.Google Scholar
Schumacher, C.F., 1817, Essai d'un Nouveau Système des Habitations des Vers Testacés: Copenhagen, Schultz, 287 p.Google Scholar
Schwabe, E., 2005, A catalogue of recent and fossil chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Addenda: Novapex, v. 6, p. 89–105.Google Scholar
Schwabe, E., Sirenko, B.I., and Seeto, J., 2008, A checklist of Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the Fiji islands: Zootaxa, v. 1777, p. 1–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segers, W., Swinnen, F., and De Prins, R., 2009, Marine mollusks of Madeira. The living marine mollusks of the Province of Madeira (Madeira and Selvagens Archipelago): Belgium, Snoeck Publishers, 612 p.Google Scholar
Sigwart, J.D., and Chen, C., 2018, Life history, patchy distribution, and patchy taxonomy in a shallow-water invertebrate (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida): Marine Biodiversity, v. 48, p. 1867–1877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0688-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sigwart, J.D., Stoeger, I., Knebelsberger, T., and Schwabe, E., 2013, Chiton phylogeny (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) and the placement of the enigmatic species Choriplax grayi (H. Adams & Angas): Invertebrate Systematics, v. 27, p. 603–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, 2001, Gastrópodes pliocénicos marinhos de Portugal: Sistemática, Paleoecologia, Paleobiologia, Paleobiogeografia [Ph.D. Thesis]: Lisbon, University of Lisbon, 747 p.Google Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, 2002, Novos dados sobre os moluscos Pliocénicos marinhos de Portugal: implicações paleoceanográficas e paleobiogeográficas: Pliocénica, v. 2, p. 117–125.Google Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, and Landau, B.M., 2007, Cenozoic Atlanto-Mediterranean biogeography of Spiricella (Gastropoda, Umbraculidae) and climate change: filling the geological gap: The Veliger, v. 49, p. 19–26.Google Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, Landau, B., Domènech, R., and Martinell, J., 2006, Pliocene Atlanto-Mediterranean biogeography of Patella pellucida (Gastropoda, Patellidae): palaeoceanographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 233, p. 225–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, Landau, B.M., Domènech, R., and Martinell, J., 2010, Pliocene Atlantic molluscan assemblages from the Mondego Basin (Portugal): age and palaeoceanographic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 285, p. 248–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, C.M. da, Landau, B.M., and La Perna, R., 2011, Biogeography of Iberian Atlantic Neogene marginelliform gastropods (Marginellidae, Cystiscidae): global change and transatlantic colonization: Journal of Paleontology, v. 85, p. 1052–1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirenko, B. I., 2006, New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora): Venus, v. 65, p. 27–49.Google Scholar
Sirenko, B.I., 2014, Composition of the genus Hanleya (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurida), with the description of two new species: Journal of Natural History, v. 48, p. 2913–2945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirenko, B.I., Abramson, N.I., and Yagapov, A.I., 2013, Schizoplax brandtii (Middendorff, 1847) (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)—an example of “explosive speciation”?: The Bulletin of the Russian Far East Malacological Society, v. 17, p. 151–166.Google Scholar
Sirenko, B.I., Sigwart, J., and Dell'Angelo, B., 2016, Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe, 1844) (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) and the influence of the Gulf Stream System on its distribution: Ruthenica, v. 26, p. 57–70.Google Scholar
Sneli, J.-A., and Gudmundsson, G., 2018, Polyplacophora (Nökkvar): http://ni.is/biota/animalia/mollusca/nokkvar-polyplacophora.Google Scholar
Sosso, M., and Dell'Angelo, B., 2010, I Fossili del Rio Torsero: Prato, Cartotecnica Beusi, 96 p.Google Scholar
Sowerby, G.B. II, 1832–1840, The Conchological Illustrations, or coloured figures of all the hitherto unfigured recent shells: London, parts 38–45 (1833), 159–177 (1839–1840).Google Scholar
Spengler, L., 1797, Udförlig beskrivelse over det mangeskallede konkylie-slaegt, af Linnaeus kaldet Chiton; met endeel nye Arter og Varieteter: Skrivter af Naturhistorie Selskabet, v. 4, p. 62–103.Google Scholar
Strack, H.L., 1988, The distribution of Chitons (Polyplacophora) in Greece: Apex, v. 3, p. 67–80.Google Scholar
Strack, H.L., 1990, The distribution of Chitons (Polyplacophora) in Greece: addendum: Apex, v. 5, p. 13–15.Google Scholar
Strack, H.L., 2005, Class Polyplacophora, in Rolán, E., The Malacological Fauna from the Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1. Polyplacophora and Gastropoda: Vigo, ConchBooks, p. 27–31, 272–275.Google Scholar
Studencka, B., and Dulai, A., 2010, Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Middle Miocene sandy facies of Ukraine, central Paratethys: Acta Geologica Polonica, v. 60, p. 257–274.Google Scholar
Studencka, B., and Studencki, W., 1988, Polyplacophora from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) marine sandy facies of the Holy Cross Mts. (central Poland): Prace Muzeum Ziemi, v. 40, p. 37–46.Google Scholar
Šulc, J., 1934, Studien über die fossilen Chitonen. I. Die fossilen Chitonen im Neogen des Wiener Beckens und der angrenzenden Gebiete: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, v. 47, p. 1–31.Google Scholar
Sykes, E.R., 1894, Notes on the British chitons: Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, v. 1, p. 35–37.Google Scholar
Thiele, J., 1893, Das Gebiss der Schecken zur Begrundung einer naturlichen Classification, in Troschel, F.H., Polyplacophora, Lepidoglossa, Schuppenzüngler: Berlin, v. 2, p. 353–401.Google Scholar
Thiele, J., 1902, Die systematische stellung der Solenogastren und die phylogenie der Mollusken: Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, v. 72, p. 249–466.Google Scholar
Thiele, J., 1909, Revision des Systems der Chitonen: Zoologica, v. 22, p. 1–132.Google Scholar
Thorpe, C., 1844, British Marine Conchology: London, E. Lumley, 267 p.Google Scholar
Urgorri, V., Díaz-Agras, G., García-Álvarez, O., and Señarís, M.P., 2017, FILO Mollusca, Clase Polyplacophora, in Banón, R. (Ed.), Inventario de la Biodiversidad Marina de Galicia. Proyecto LEMGAL: Santiago de Compostela, Conselleria do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, p. 269–272.Google Scholar
Van Belle, R.A., 1972, Over de Polyplacophora van Bretagne: Gloria Maris, v. 11, p. 201–204.Google Scholar
Van Belle, R.A., 1985, De Polyplacophora van Madeira: Gloria Maris, v. 24, p. 73–76.Google Scholar
Vermeij, G.J., 2012, The tropical history and future of the Mediterranean biota and the West African enigma: Journal of Biogeography, v. 39, p. 31–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vieira, M., Castro, L., Pais, J., and Pereira, D., 2006, Estudo palinológico do Pliocénico de Vale do Freixo, in Mirão, J., and Balbino, A. (Coords.), VII Congresso Nacional de Geologia, Portugal, Pólo de Estremoz da Univsidade Évora: Abstracts, v. 2, p. 673–675.Google Scholar
Warén, A., 1980, Marine Mollusca described by John Gwyn Jeffreys, with the location of the type material: Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Special Publication 1, p. 1–60.Google Scholar
Wood, S.V., 1842, A catalogue of shells from the Crag: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 9, p. 455–462, 527–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S.V., 1848, A monograph of the Crag Mollusca, or description of shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the east of England, 1. Univalves: Monographs of the Paleontographical Society, p. 1–208.Google Scholar
Wood, S.V., 1872–1874, Supplement to the monograph of the Crag Mollusca, with descriptions of shells from the upper Tertiaries of the east of England, 3. Univalves and bivalves, with an introductory outline of the geology of the same district, and map: Monographs of the Paleontographical Society, p. 1–99 (1872), 100–231 (1874).Google Scholar
Wood, W., 1815, General Conchology; or, a description of shells arranged according to the Linnean system: London, B. Howlett, p. 1–246.Google Scholar
Zenetos, A., and Van Aartsen, J.J., 1995, The deep-sea molluscan fauna of the S. Aegean Sea and its relation to the neighbouring faunas: Bollettino Malacologico, v. 30, p. 253–268.Google Scholar