Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:05:30.799Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Seven Ways to Find Heading

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2016

Kenneth Gade
Kenneth Gade*
Affiliation:
(Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI))
*
(E-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A magnetic compass has too large a heading error for many applications, and it is often not obvious how to achieve an accurate heading, in particular for low-cost navigation systems. However, there are several different methods available for finding heading, and their feasibility depends on the given scenario. Some of the methods may seem very different, but they can all be related and categorised into a list by studying the vector that each method is using when achieving heading. A list of possible methods is very useful when ensuring that all relevant methods are being considered for a given application. For practical navigation, we have identified seven different vectors in use for heading estimation, and we define seven corresponding methods. The methods are magnetic and gyrocompass, two methods based on observations, multi-antenna Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and two methods based on vehicle motion.

Keywords

Heading estimationCategorisation of methodsVectors
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 69 , Issue 5 , September 2016 , pp. 955 - 970
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allan, D.W. (1966). Statistics of atomic frequency standards. Proceedings of the IEEE, 54, 221–230.Google Scholar
Britting, K.R. (1971). Inertial Navigation Systems Analysis. Wiley Interscience.Google Scholar
Dorrie, H. (1965). 100 Great problems of elementary mathematics. Dover Publications.Google Scholar
Dzamba, T., Enright, J., Sinclair, D., Amankwah, K., Votel, R., Jovanovic, I. and McVittie, G. (2014). Success by 1000 Improvements: Flight Qualification of the ST-16 Star Tracker. Proceedings from 28th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites, Logan, Utah.Google Scholar
Gade, K. and Jalving, B. (1998). An Aided Navigation Post Processing Filter for Detailed Seabed Mapping UUVs. Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Cambridge, Massachusetts.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gade, K. (2005). NavLab, a Generic Simulation and Post-processing Tool for Navigation. Modeling, Identification and Control, 26, 135–150.Google Scholar
Gade, K. (2010). A Non-singular Horizontal Position Representation. Journal of Navigation, 63, 395–417.Google Scholar
Godha, S., Petovello, M.G., and Lachapelle, G. (2005). Performance Analysis of MEMS IMU/HSGPS/Magnetic Sensor Integrated System in Urban Canyons. Proceedings of ION-GNSS Conference, Long Beach, California.Google Scholar
Hauschild, A., Steigenberger, P. and Rodriguez-Solano, C. (2012). QZS-1 Yaw Attitude Estimation Based on Measurements from the CONGO Network. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 59, 237–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, A.J., An, E.P. and Marco, D.B. (1998). Online Compensation of Heading Sensor Bias for Low Cost AUVs. Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 Workshop on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles, Cambridge, Massachusetts.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemisphere GNSS (2015). Vector V103 and V113 GNSS Compasses, Data Sheet. http://hemispheregnss.com. Accessed 7 September 2015.Google Scholar
International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, IAGA (2010). International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the eleventh generation, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 1216–1230.Google Scholar
Iozan, L.I., Kirkko-Jaakkola, M., Collin, J., Takala, J. and Rusu, C. (2010). North Finding System Using a MEMS Gyroscope. Proceedings of European Navigation Conference on Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Braunschweig, Germany.Google Scholar
Lalonde, J.F., Narasimhan, S.G., and Efros, A.A. (2010). What do the sun and the sky tell us about the camera? International Journal of Computer Vision, 88, 24–51.Google Scholar
Langley, R.B. (2003). The Magnetic Compass and GPS. GPS World, September 2003.Google Scholar
Leaman, D.E. (1997). Magnetic rocks – their effect on compass use and navigation in Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania.Google Scholar
Leica Geosystems (2008). Leica TPS1200+ (Total Station), Applications, Field Manual, Version 6.0Google Scholar
Lucido, L., Pesquet-Popescu, B., Opderbecke, J., Rigaud, V., Deriche, R., Zhang, Z., Costa, P. and Larzabal, P. (1998). Segmentation of Bathymetric Profiles and Terrain Matching for Underwater Vehicle Navigation. International Journal of Systems Science, 29, 1157–1176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGill, D.J. and King, W.W. (1995). Engineering Mechanics. PWS-KENT, Boston, 3rd edn.Google Scholar
Renkoski, B.M. (2008). The Effect of Carouseling on MEMS IMU Performance for Gyrocompassing Applications. Master of Science thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Rockwell Collins (2015). Defence Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) – brochure. http://www.rockwellcollins.com. Accessed 7 September 2015.Google Scholar
Samaan, M.A., Mortari, D. and Junkins, J.L. (2008). Compass Star Tracker for GPS-like Applications. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 44, 1629–1634.Google Scholar
Sivalingam, B. and Hagen, O.K. (2012). Image-aided Inertial Navigation System based on Image Tokens, Proceedings of NATO/RET/SET-168 Symposium, Izmir, Turkey.Google Scholar
Thomson, A.W., McKay, A.J., Clarke, E. and Reay, S.J. (2005). Surface Electric Fields and Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the Scottish Power Grid During the 30 October 2003 Geomagnetic Storm. Space Weather, 3.Google Scholar
u-blox (2015). NEO-7, u-blox 7 GNSS Modules, Data Sheet. http://www.u-blox.com. Accessed 7 September 2015.Google Scholar
van Graas, F. and Soloviev, A. (2004). Precise Velocity Estimation using a Stand-alone GPS Receiver. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 51, 283–292.Google Scholar
Zinner, H., Schmidt, R. and Wolf, D. (1989). Navigation of Autonomous Air Vehicles by Passive Imaging Sensors. NATO AGARD (Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development) Conference Proceedings No. 436, Guidance and Control of Unmanned Air Vehicles.Google Scholar