Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:16:10.194Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The influence of organisational safety resource-related activities and other exploratory variables on seafarers’ safety behaviours

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2022

Darijo Mišković*
Affiliation:
Maritime Department, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Renato Ivče
Affiliation:
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Mirano Hess
Affiliation:
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Ivica Đurđević-Tomaš
Affiliation:
Maritime Department, University of Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Inadequate human actions are still the main cause of all reported accidents and incidents on board ships. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of safety resource activities and other exploratory variables on seafarers’ safety behaviour. For this study, a series of open-ended interviews were conducted to gain insight into how shipping organisations struggle with this issue. Following the interviews, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to professional seafarers. Two exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify the underlying factor structure and five factors emerged. Furthermore, three hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the influence of the factors obtained, namely, Company safety orientation and Additional safety incentives on seafarers’ perceived Safety awareness, Job satisfaction, Risk acceptance and other exploratory variables. The study shows that the perceived resource-related activities of the organisation and the demographic characteristics of the respondents can influence the safety behaviour of seafarers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Institute of Navigation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abudayyeh, A., Fredericks, T. K., Butt, S. E. and Shaar, A. (2006). An investigation of management's commitment to construction safety. International Journal of Project Management, 24(2), 167174.10.1016/j.ijproman.2005.07.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, P. (2003). Cracking the Code – the Relevance of the ISM Code and Its Impacts on Shipping Practices. London: The Nautical Institute.Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
Baniela, I. S. and Ríos, V. J. (2010). The risk homeostasis theory. The Journal of Navigation, 63, 607626.10.1017/S0373463310000196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baştuğ, S., Asyali, E. and Battal, T. (2021). Beyond the ISM Code: A conceptual proposal for an integrated system within the Seven C's approach. Maritime Policy & Management, 48(3), 354377.10.1080/03088839.2020.1770884CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batalden, B. M. and Sydnes, A. K. (2014). Maritime safety and the ISM Code: A study of investigated casualties and incidents. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 13(1), 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, P. (2001). Mutual risk: P&I insurance clubs and maritime safety and environmental performance. Marine Policy, 25(1), 1321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bergheim, K., Nielsen, M. B., Maerns, K. and Eid, J. (2015). The relationship between psychological capital, job satisfaction, and safety perceptions in the maritime industry. Safety Science, 74, 2736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharya, S. (2012a). The effectiveness of the ISM Code: A qualitative enquiry. Marine Policy, 36(2), 528535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharya, S. (2012b). Sociological factors influencing the practice of incident reporting: The case of the shipping industry. Employee Relations, 34(1), 421.10.1108/01425451211183237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauvin, C. (2011). Human factors and maritime safety. The Journal of Navigation, 64, 625632.10.1017/S0373463311000142CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deming, W. E. (1986). Out of the Crisis. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
DeSombre, E. R. (2008). Globalization, competition, and convergence: Shipping and the race to the middle. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 14(2), 179198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EMSA. (2019). European Maritime Safety Agency. Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2019. Available at: http://www.emsa.europa.eu/news-a-presscentre/externalnews/item/3734-annual-overview-of-marine-casualties-andincidents-2019.html [Accessed 02 Dec. 2019].Google Scholar
Fenstad, J., Dahl, Ø and Kongsvik, T. (2016). Shipboard safety: Exploring organizational and regulatory factors. Maritime Policy & Management, 43(5), 552568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS. 3rd Edition. London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Fruhen, L. S., Griffin, M. A. and Andrei, D. M. (2018). What does safety commitment mean to leaders? A multi-method investigation. Journal of Safety Research, 68, 203214.10.1016/j.jsr.2018.12.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodwin, E., Lamb, W. and Kemp, J. (1983). Quantitative measurements of navigational safety. The Journal of Navigation, 36(3), 418429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, M. and Curcuruto, M. (2016). Safety climate in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3, 191212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haines, V. Y., Merrheim, G. and Roy, M. (2001). Understanding reactions to safety incentives. Journal of Safety Research, 32(1), 1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hair, J. F., William, C. B., Babin, B. J. and Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th Edition. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.Google Scholar
Hamid, H. A., Abdullah, M. N., Asmoni, M., Lokman, M. A. A. and Shaari, N. (2015). An overview of the management commitment to safety elements for mitigating accidents in the construction industry. Jurnal Teknologi, 74(2), 18.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. E., Perander, J., Smecko, T. and Trask, J. (1998). Measuring perceptions of workplace safety: Development and validation of the work safety scale. Journal of Safety Research, 29(3), 145161.10.1016/S0022-4375(98)00011-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hetherington, C., Flin, R. and Mearns, K. (2006). Safety in shipping: The human element. Journal of Safety Research, 37, 401411.10.1016/j.jsr.2006.04.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, D. A., Burke, M. J. and Zohar, D. (2017). 100 years of occupational safety research: From basic protections and work analysis to a multilevel view of workplace safety and risk. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 375388.10.1037/apl0000114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, W. K. K. (2015). Assessing the safety factors of ship berthing operations. The Journal of Navigation, 68(3), 576588.10.1017/S0373463314000861CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Y. H., Zohar, D., Robertson, M. M., Gareabet, A., Lee, J. and Murphy, L. A. (2013). Development and validation of safety climate scales for lone workers using truck drivers as exemplar. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 17, 519.10.1016/j.trf.2012.08.011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, O. C., Sørensen, J. F. L., Canals, M. L., Hu, Y. P., Nikolic, N. and Thomas, M. (2004). Incidence of self-reported occupational injuries in seafaring - An international study. Occupational Medicine, 54(8), 548555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karakasnaki, M., Vlachopoulos, P., Pantouvakis, A. and Bouranta, N. (2018). ISM Code implementation: An investigation of safety issues in the shipping industry. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 17(3), 461474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kjellén, U. (1982). An evaluation of safety information systems at six medium-sized and large firms. Journal of Occupational Accidents, 3(4), 173288.10.1016/0376-6349(82)90004-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kujala, P., Hänninen, M., Arola, T. and Ylitalo, J. (2009). Analysis of the marine traffic safety in the Gulf of Finland. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 94(8), 13491357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuronen, J. and Tapaninen, U. (2010). Views of Finnish Maritime Experts on the Effectiveness of Maritime Safety Policy Instruments. Publications from the Centre for Maritime Studies, A 54. Turku: University of Turku. Available at: https://www.utu.fi/sites/default/files/media/MKK/A54_views_of_finnish_maritim_experts.pdf [Accessed 21 Nov. 2019].Google Scholar
Lappalainen, J. (2008). Transforming Maritime Safety Culture. Evaluation of the Impacts of the ISM Code on Maritime Safety Culture in Finland. Turku: Centre for Maritime Studies, University of Turku. Available at: https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/42852/A46_transforming_maritime_safety.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. [Accessed 20 Nov. 2019].Google Scholar
Lappalainen, F. J., Kuronen, J. and Tapaninen, U. (2014). Evaluation of the ISM Code in the Finnish shipping companies. Journal of Maritime Research, 9(1), 2332.Google Scholar
Lendel, V., Moravčíková, D. and Latka, M. (2017). Organizing innovation activities in company. Procedia Engineering, 192, 615620.10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.106CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LSCAT (Loughborough Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit). Safety Climate Measurement, User Guide and Toolkit. Loughborough University, UK. Available at: https://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/wwwlboroacuk/content/sbe/downloads/Offshore%20Safety%20Climate%20Assessment.pdf. [Accessed 10 Jun. 2017].Google Scholar
McDougall, P. P., Covin, J. G., Robinson, R. B. and Herron, L. (1994). The effects of industry growth and strategic breadth on new venture performance and strategy content. Strategic Management Journal, 15(7), 537554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McFadden, K. L., Henagan, S. C. and Gowen, C. R. (2009). The patient safety chain: Transformational leadership's effect on patient safety culture, initiatives, and outcomes. Journal of Operations Management, 27(5), 390404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGonagle, A. K., Essenmaacher, L., Hamblin, L., Luborsky, M., Upfal, M. and Arnetz, J. (2016). Management commitment to safety, teamwork, and hospital worker injuries. Journal of Hospital Administration, 5(6), 4652.10.5430/jha.v5n6p46CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mišković, D., Jelaska, I. and Ivče, R. (2019). Attitudes of experienced seafarers as predictor of ISM Code implementation: A Croatian example. Promet - Traffic&Transportation, 31(5), 569577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P. and Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Safety at work: A meta-analytic investigation of the link between job demands, job resources, burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 7194.10.1037/a0021484CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neagoe, L. N. and Klein, V. M. (2009). Employee suggestion system (Kaizen Teian) - the bottom-up approach for productivity improvement. Control, 10(3), 2627.Google Scholar
Nævestad, T.-O., Philips, R. O., Størkersen, K. V., Laiou, A. and Yanis, G. (2019). Safety culture in maritime transport in Norway and Greece: Exploring national, sectorial and organisational influences on unsafe behaviours and work accidents. Marine Policy, 99, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantouvakis, A. and Karakasnaki, M. (2016). An empirical assessment of ISM Code effectiveness on performance: The role of ISO certification. Maritime Policy and Management, 43(7), 874886.10.1080/03088839.2016.1169451CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pun, K. F., Yam, R. C. M. and Lewis, W. G. (2003). Safety management system registration in the shipping industry. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(6), 704721.10.1108/02656710310482140CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ríos, V. J. and Baniela, I. S. (2013). The human element in shipping casualties as a process of risk homeostasis of the shipping business. The Journal of Navigation, 66(3), 385397.10.1017/S0373463313000064CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership (3rd Edition). San Francisco, USA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Størkersen, K. V. (2015). Survival versus safety at sea. Regulators’ portrayal of paralysis in safety regulation development. Safety Science, 75, 9099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Størkersen, K. V., Antonsen, S. and Kongsvik, T. (2017). One size fits all? Safety management regulation of ship accidents and personal injuries. Journal of Risk Research, 20(9), 11541172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teperi, A. M., Lappalainen, J., Puro, V. and Pertulla, P. (2019). Assessing artefacts of maritime safety culture - current state and prerequisites for improvement. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 18, 79102.10.1007/s13437-018-0160-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trucco, P., Cagno, E., Ruggeri, F. and Grande, O. (2008). A Bayesian belief network modelling of organisational factors in risk analysis: A case study in maritime transportation. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 93, 823834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzannatos, E. (2010). Human element and accidents in Greek shipping. The Journal of Navigation, 63, 119127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, X., Ren, S., Li, X. and Wang, Z. (2020). The mediating role of psychological capital between perceived management commitment and safety behaviour. Journal of Safety Research, 72, 2940.10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on micro accidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 587596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zohar, D. and Luria, G. (2005). A multilevel model of safety climate: Cross-level relationships between organization and group-level climates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 616628.10.1037/0021-9010.90.4.616CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zohar, D. and Luria, G. (2010). Group leaders as gatekeepers: Testing safety climate variations across levels of analysis. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(4), 647673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar