Under the title Man or Machine? (Journal, 18, 10) a discussion took place in London on 25 April 1964, at a technical session of the Institute, on the extent to which automation could usefully be introduced into navigational procedures. Automation was taken to mean the use of machines which derive or accept navigational information and operate on it to provide a function for the control of craft. The discussion printed below took place at another technical session, held in London on 10 March 1965, when the purely economic aspects of the same problem were considered.