A doppler navigation system measures velocity relative to the surface of the Earth. If the surface is moving, as for example when flying over an ocean, the doppler will indicate a false ground-speed and/or drift, according to the direction of surface movement.

Trials carried out by the Experimental Navigation Division of the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down show that there is a positive correlation between doppler system error and the surface wind direction when flying over the sea in an aircraft which has an accurate heading reference system. The analysis of all data is by no means complete, but as the spread of errors is so small it is thought that users of doppler navigation systems may wish to see the trend of results and to accept a few simple rules to compensate for the surface movement.

The value of the surface movement for a doppler equipment having a 1 percent correction for spectrum distortion is about 3 kt. for a surface wind velocity of 10 kt., 4 kt. for a wind velocity of 18 kt., 5 kt. for a wind velocity of 30 kt. and 6 kt. for a wind velocity of 50 kt. or more. The cardinal rule is that the doppler navigation system will indicate a position upwind of the correct position.

Clearly there is little point in applying an across-track correction of say 6 kt.