Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:02:53.890Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Availability analysis of GNSS signals above GNSSs constellation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Jie Yang ,
Xinlong Wang ,
Liangliang Shen  and
Ding Chen
Jie Yang
Affiliation:
School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Xinlong Wang*
Affiliation:
School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Liangliang Shen
Affiliation:
Beijing Institute of Control & Electronic Technology, Beijing, China.
Ding Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Beijing, China.
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In view of many problems associated with the availability of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals in high-altitude space, this paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis. First, the coverage and strength characteristics of GNSS signals in high-altitude space (i.e., space above the GNSS constellation) are presented, and the visibility of GNSS signals is evaluated by combining these two factors. Second, the geometric configuration and geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) of visible GNSS satellites are analysed. Then, the Doppler shift range of the GNSS signals is deduced based on the dynamic performance of high-altitude spacecraft. Finally, taking GaoFen-4 (GF-4) as the application object, the availability of GNSS signals is simulated and evaluated. GNSS signals in high-altitude space are generally weak, and the visible GNSS satellites are concentrated in the high-elevation range. The combination of main and side lobe signals and compatibility of multiple constellations can increase the number of visible satellites, improve the geometry configuration, reduce GDOP, and thus improve the availability of GNSS signals. The results of this research can provide technical support for the design and development of GNSS receivers suitable for high-altitude space.

Keywords

global navigation satellite systemhigh-altitude spaceavailabilityvisibilitygeometric configuration
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 74 , Issue 2 , March 2021 , pp. 446 - 466
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashman, B. W., Bauer, F. H., Parker, J .J. K. and Donaldson, J. E. (2018a). GPS Operations in High Earth Orbit: Recent Experiences and Future Opportunities. AIAA SpaceOps Conferences, Marseille, France.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashman, B. W., Parker, J. J. K., Bauer, F. H. and Essewin, M. (2018b). Exploring the Limits of High Altitude GPS for Future Lunar Missions. Advances in the Astronautical Sciences AAS/AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control 2018.Google Scholar
Capuano, V., Botteron, C., Leclère, J., Tian, J., Wang, Y. and Farine, P. A. (2015). Feasibility study of GNSS as navigation system to reach the Moon. Acta Astronautica, 116, 186–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capuano, V., Blunt, P., Botteron, C., Tian, J., Leclère, J., Basile, F. and Farine, P. A. (2016a). Standalone GPS L1 C/A receiver for lunar missions. Sensors, 16(3), 347–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capuano, V., Basile, F., Botteron, C. and Farine, P. A. (2016b). GNSS based orbital filter for Earth Moon transfer orbits. The Journal of Navigation, 69, 745–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capuano, V., Shehaj, E., Blunt, P., Botteron, C., Farine, P.A . and Wang, B. (2017a). Availability and Ranging Error Analysis for a GPS L1/L5 Receiver Navigating to the Moon. European Navigation Conference (ENC), IEEE, Lausanne, Switzerland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capuano, V., Blunt, P., Botteron, C. and Farine, P. A. (2017b). Orbital filter aiding of a high sensitivity GPS receiver for lunar missions. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 64(3), 323–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaffee, J. and Abel, J (1994). GDOP and the Cramer-Rao Bound. Proceedings of IEEE/Position Location and Navigation Symposium, 663–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, J. X., Wang, X. L., Yu, N. J., Wang, D. and Li, Q. S. (2018). Modeling and intensity analysis of GNSS signal link for high-orbit spacecraft. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 44(7), 1496–1503.Google Scholar
Delepaut, A., Giordano, P., Ventura-Treveset, J., Blonski, D., Schofeldt, M., Schoonejans, P., Aziz, S. and Walker, R. (2020). Use of GNSS for lunar missions and plans for lunar in-orbit development. Advances in Space Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.05.018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dion, A., Calmettes, V., Bousquet, M. and Boutillon, E. (2010). Performances of a GNSS Receiver for Space-Based Applications. Proceedings of Toulouse Space Show, Marseille, France.Google Scholar
Gao, Y., Wang, M., Liu, L., Che, H. and Zhang, Q. (2017). GNSS receiver techniques based on high earth orbit spacecraft. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 37(3), 101–109.Google Scholar
Groves, P. D. (2013). Principles of GNSS Inertial and Multi-Sensor Integrated Navigation Systems. New York: Artech House.Google Scholar
ICD-BDS. (2019). BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal in Space Interface Control Document Open Service Signal B1I (Version 3.0), In: http://www.beidou.gov.cn/xt/gfxz/.Google Scholar
ICD-GPS-240C. (2019). In: https://www.gps.gov/technical/icwg/.Google Scholar
Jiang, K., Li, M., Wang, M., Zhao, Q. and Li, W. (2018). TJS-2 geostationary satellite orbit determination using onboard GPS measurements. GPS Solutions, 22(3), 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jing, S., Zhan, X., Lu, J., Feng, S. and Ochieng, W. Y. (2015). Characterisation of GNSS space service volume. The Journal of Navigation, 68, 107–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manzano-Jurado, M., Alegre-Rubio, J., Pellacani, A., Seco-Granados, G., Lopez-Salcedo, J. A., Guerrero, E. and Garcia-Rodriguez, A. (2014). Use of Weak GNSS Signals in a Mission to the Moon. Satellite Navigation Technologies and European Workshop on GNSS Signals and Signal Processing (NAVITEC), 7th ESA Workshop on.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marquis, W. A. and Reigh, D. L. (2015). The GPS block IIR and IIR-M broadcast L-band antenna panel: its pattern and performance. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 62(4), 329–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, J. J. and Moreau, M. C. (2012). Enabling a Fully Interoperable GNSS Space Service Volume. ICG WG-B Interim Meeting, Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Moreau, M. C. (2001). GPS receiver architecture for autonomous navigation in high Earth orbits (PhD thesis). Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO.Google Scholar
Moreau, M. C., Davis, E. P. and Russell Carpenter, J. (2002). Results from the GPS Flight Experiment on the High Earth Orbit AMSAT OSCAR-40 Spacecraft. Proceedings of International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, September 24–27, Portland, OR.Google Scholar
Palmerini, G. B., Sabatini, M. and Perrotta, G. (2009). En route to the Moon using GNSS signals. Acta Astronautica, 64, 467–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, P. F., Lopes, H. D., Peres, T. R., Silva, J. S., Ospina, J., Cichocki, F., Dovis, F., Musumeci, L., Serant, D., Calmettes, T., Pessina, I. and Perello, J. V. (2013). Weak GNSS Signal Navigation to the Moon. ION GNSS, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.Google Scholar
UN Office for Outer Space Affairs. (2018). The Interoperable Global Navigation Satellite Systems Space Service Volume. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs. Vienna: United Nations.Google Scholar
Unwin, M., Blunt, P. and Steenwijk, R. (2013). Navigating above the GPS Constellation – Preliminary Results from the SGR-GEO on GIOVE-A. Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation, Nashville, TN, USA.Google Scholar
Wang, X., Ji, X. and Feng, S. (2014). A scheme for weak GPS signal acquisition aided by SINS information. GPS Solutions, 18(2), 243–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D., Dong, Q. J. and Wang, M. (2015). Results from the GNSS Flight Experiment on the Circumlunar Free Return Trajectory of China CE-5T1 Spacecraft. Proceedings of IAC Symposium on Space Communications and Navigation, Jerusalem, Israel.Google Scholar
Winternitz, L. B., Bamford, W. A., Price, S. R., Russell Carpenter, J., Long, A. C. and Farahmand, M. (2017). Global positioning system navigation above 76,000 KM for NASA's magnetospheric multiscale mission. Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 64(2), 289–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, G., Liu, J., Yang, J. and Li, X. (2019). Automatically locate tropical cyclone centers using top cloud motion data derived from geostationary satellite images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(12), 10175–10190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar