Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T08:38:24.174Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Generalised Theory on the Effects of Sampling Frequency on GNSS Code Tracking

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2017

Vinh T. Tran ,
Nagaraj C. Shivaramaiah ,
Thuan D. Nguyen ,
Joon W. Cheong ,
Eamonn P. Glennon  and
Andrew G. Dempster
Vinh T. Tran*
Affiliation:
(Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research, UNSW, Australia)
Nagaraj C. Shivaramaiah
Affiliation:
(University of Colorado at Boulder, USA)
Thuan D. Nguyen
Affiliation:
(NAVIS centre, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Viet Nam)
Joon W. Cheong
Affiliation:
(Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research, UNSW, Australia)
Eamonn P. Glennon
Affiliation:
(Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research, UNSW, Australia)
Andrew G. Dempster
Affiliation:
(Australian Centre for Space Engineering Research, UNSW, Australia)
*
(E-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Synchronisation of the received Pseudorandom (PRN) code and its locally generated replica is fundamental when estimating user position in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. It has been observed through experiments that user position accuracy decreases if sampling frequency is an integer multiple of the nominal code rate. This paper provides an accuracy analysis based on the number of samples and the residual code phase of each code chip. The outcomes reveal that the distribution of residual code phases in the code phase range [0, 1/ns), where ns is the number of samples per code chip, is the root cause of accuracy degradation, rather than the ratio between sampling frequency and nominal code rate. Doppler frequencies, coherent integration periods, front-end filter bandwidths and received Carrier to Noise ratios (C/N0) also influence receiver accuracy. Also provided are a sampling frequency selection guideline and new proposed estimates of the correlation output and the Delay Locked Loop (DLL) tracking error, which can be applied to precisely model GNSS receiver baseband signal processing.

Keywords

Sampling frequencyDLL tracking errorResidual code phase
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Navigation , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , March 2018 , pp. 257 - 280
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Navigation 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Akos, D. M. and Braasch, M. S. (1996). A software radio approach to global navigation satellite system receiver design. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of The Institute of Navigation, 455–463.Google Scholar
Akos, D. M. and Pini, M. (2006). Effect of sampling frequency on GNSS receiver performance. Navigation, 53(2), 85–95.Google Scholar
Betz, J. W. and Kolodziejski, K. R. (2000). Extended theory of Early-Late code tracking for a bandlimited GPS receiver. Navigation, 47(3), 211–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betz, J. and Kolodziejski, K. (2009a). Generalized theory of code tracking with an Early Late discriminator Part I: Lower bound and coherent processing. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1538–1556.Google Scholar
Betz, J. W. and Kolodziejski, K. R. (2009b). Generalized theory of code tracking with an Early Late discriminator Part II: Noncoherent processing and numerical results. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1557–1564.Google Scholar
Betz, J. W. (2015). Engineering Satellite-Based Navigation and Timing: Global Navigation Satellite Systems, Signals, and Receivers. John Wiley & Sons. URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781119141167.Google Scholar
Braasch, M. S. and Van Dierendonck, A. J. (1999). GPS receiver architectures and measurements. Proceedings of the IEEE, 87(1), 48–64.Google Scholar
Hegarty, C. J. (2011). Analytical model for GNSS receiver implementation losses. Navigation, 58(1), 29–44.Google Scholar
Jang, J., Paonni, M.and Eissfeller, B. (2012). CW interference effects on tracking performance of GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 48(1), 243–258.Google Scholar
Kaplan, E. D. and Hegarty, C. J. (2005). Understanding GPS: principles and applications. Artech House.Google Scholar
Kou, Y. and Morton, Y. (2013). Oscillator frequency offset impact on software GPS receivers and correction algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 49(4), 2158–2178.Google Scholar
Nuand-LLC. (2016). Nuand bladeRF x40 Technical Brief Description, Technical report, URL: https://www.nuand.com/bladeRF-brief.pdf.Google Scholar
Parkinson, B. W. (1996). Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications, Vol. 1. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.Google Scholar
Pini, M. (2007). Constraints Analysis of Radio Frequency Front-End Components: Impact on the GNSS Signal Processing, PhD thesis, Politecnico di Torino.Google Scholar
Shivaramaiah, N. C., Dempster, A. G.and Rizos, C. (2008). Exploiting the secondary codes to improve signal acquisition performance in Galileo receivers. Proceedings of ION GNSS, 1497–1506.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. B. (1988). Functional Description of Signal Processing in the Rogue GPS Receiver. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL Publication 88–15, Pasadena, California, June 1, 1988.Google Scholar
Tran, V. T., Shivaramaiah, N. C.and Dempster, A. G. (2015). An efficient secondary code transition cancellation correlator for fast multi-GNSS acquisition. Proceedings of the IGNSS Symposium on GPS/GNSS.Google Scholar
Tran, V. T., Shivaramaiah, N. C.and Dempster, A. G. (2017). Feasibility analysis of baseband architectures for multi-GNSS receivers. GPS Solutions, 21(1), 1–11. URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10291-016-0542-0.Google Scholar
Zhang, X. & Zhan, X. (2012). Joint Determination of Precorrelation Bandwidth, Sampling Frequency and Quantization in Wideband Compass Receivers. Navigation, 59(3), 195–208.Google Scholar