No CrossRef data available.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 October 2009
1. INTRODUCTION. The American Global Positioning System (GPS/Navstar) and the USSR's Glonass are superb demonstrations of high technology but we should not forget that they were designed and implemented for a very different set of circumstances from that of the civil surveyor and navigator. Many of their features are not required for civil purposes and it is perfectly possible to get excellent results for many civil applications without the vast expenditure that went into those systems. This paper describes some of the ways in which it is proposed that satellites, not necessarily launched for the purpose, might be, and are being, exploited for civil navigation and location.