^{page 657 note 1} Touval, Saadia, Somali Nationalism: international politics and the drive for unity in the Horn of Africa (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), pp. 30–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Also see Burton, Richard, First Footsteps in East Africa (London, 1856).Google Scholar

^{page 657 note 2} Lewis, I. M., The Modern History of Somaliland:from nation to state (New York, 1965), p. 50.Google Scholar

^{page 657 note 3} Ibid. pp. 51–3.

^{page 657 note 4} Turton, E. R., ‘The Impact of Mohammed Abdille Hassan in the East Africa Protectorate’, in The Journal of African History (Cambridge), X, 4, 1969, pp. 642–52.Google Scholar

^{page 658 note 1} Lewis, op. cit. pp. 50–1.

^{page 658 note 2} Lewis, J. M., ‘Pan-Africanism and Pan-Somalism’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 1, 2, 1963, p. 152, fn. 3.Google Scholar

^{page 658 note 3} Lewis, op. cit. pp. 129–31.

^{page 658 note 4} Ibid. pp. 33–9.

^{page 658 note 5} Touval, op. cit. pp. 31–2.

^{page 658 note 6} Jardine, Douglas, The Mad Mullah of Somaliland (London, 1923).Google Scholar

^{page 659 note 1} Touval, op. cit. p. 65.

^{page 659 note 2} Ibid. pp. 62–3.

^{page 659 note 3} Ibid. p. 65.

^{page 659 note 4} Jardine, op. cit. p. 249.

^{page 660 note 1} See Andrzejevsky, B. W. and Lewis, I. M., Somali Poetry: an introduction (London, 1964), pp. 99–101.Google Scholar

^{page 660 note 2} My translation.

^{page 660 note 3} Lewis, op. cit. pp. 74–5.

^{page 660 note 4} Turton, loc. cit. pp. 654–5.

^{page 660 note 5} Jardine, op. cit. pp. 57–308.

^{page 661 note 1} Lewis, loc. cit. p. 149.

^{page 661 note 2} Ibid. p. 149. Also see Report of the Four-Power Commission (London, 1949), II, pp. 10–11.

^{page 661 note 3} Lewis, op. cit. pp. 128–30.

^{page 661 note 4} Ibid. p. 164.

^{page 661 note 5} Lewis, loc. cit. pp. 150–1.

^{page 661 note 6} Laitin, David D., ‘Somali Territorial Claims in International Perspective’, in Africa Today (Denver), 23, 2, 04–06 1976, p. 33.Google Scholar

^{page 662 note 1} Lewis, I. M., A Pastoral Democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa (London, 1961).Google Scholar

^{page 662 note 2} Laitin, David D., ‘The Political Economy of Military Rule in Somalia’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, XIV, 3, 09 1976, pp. 449–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 663 note 1} Nyerere, Julius K., Ujamaa – Essays on Socialism (London, 1968), pp. 32–3.Google Scholar

^{page 663 note 2} Andrzejevsky and Lewis, op. cit. p. 69; my translation.

^{page 663 note 3} Lewis, loc. cit. p. 153.

^{page 663 note 4} ‘African Update’, in Africa Report (New York), 19, 2, 03–04 1974, p. 28.

^{page 664 note 1} Bell, B. J., ‘Strategic Implications of the Soviet Presence in Somalia’, in Orbis (Philadelphia), 19, Summer 1975, p. 407.Google Scholar

^{page 664 note 2} Castagno, A. A., ‘Somalia Goes Military’, in Africa Report, 15, 2, 02 1970, p. 26.Google Scholar

^{page 664 note 3} ‘The Horn of Good Luck’, in The New York Times, 1 05 1977, section 4, p. 16.

^{page 665 note 1} ‘Africa's Next Crisis Zone’, in Africa Report, 22, 2, 03–04 1977, p. 1.