^{page 147 note 1} The views expressed in this study are solely those of the author and do not represent those of the U.S. Government.

^{page 147 note 2} E.g. Gould, W. T. S., ‘Refugees in Tropical Africa’, in International Migration Review (New York), 8, 1974, pp. 413–30;Google ScholarRubin, Neville, ‘Africa and Refugees’, in African Affairs (London), 73, 292, 07 1974, pp. 290–311;Google Scholar and Aderanti Adepoju, ‘The Dimension of the Refugee Problem in Africa’, in Ibid. 81, 322, January 1982, pp. 21–35.

^{page 147 note 3} Chambers, Robert, ‘Rural Refugees in Africa: what the eye does not see’, in Disasters (Geneva), 3, 1979, pp. 381–92.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 4} K. Wright, ‘Sudan's Refugees, 1967–1980’, in Ibid. 4, 1980, pp. 157–66.

^{page 147 note 5} The absence of projects for urban refugees in glaringly obvious in such major policy documents as U.N.H.C.R./International Labour Organisation, ‘Self-Reliance for Refugees in Sudan: a programme for action’, Geneva, March 1980, and the submission by the Government of the Sudan to the International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa, I and II.

^{page 148 note 1} One of the few studies of urban refugees in that by Mohamad Mirghani Abdel Salam et al., ‘Socio-Economic Survey of Spontaneously Settled Refugees in Port Sudan’, Economic and Social Research Counsil, Khartoum, February 1982.

^{page 148 note 2} The author wishes to express his appreciation to Pamela Delargy and Nicholas Mandrides for their assistance in collecting the data reported herein.

^{page 148 note 3} For a useful summary of events in Ethiopia and their impact on neighbouring states, see ‘Tragedy in the Horn: special issue’, in Horn of Africa (Summit, N.J.), 4, 1981.Google Scholar

^{page 150 note 1} See Weaver, Jerry L., ‘Characteristics of Ethiopian Refugees Being Resettled to the United States’, Office of Refugee Affairs, Embassy of the United States, Khartoum, April 1984.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 1} See the daily issues of the official Sudan News Agency's SUNA (Khartoum), May–July 1984.

^{page 155 note 1} The Sudanese economy showed a negative growth of –2.7 per cent during 1982–3; its trade deficit was $1,115,000 million, while external arrears rose to nearly $9,000 million, and the balance-of-payments gap exceeded $600 million. Inflation stood at 35 per cent and the domestic budget deficit in 1983–4 reached £S864 million. See U.S. Department of Commerce, ‘Foreign Economic Trends and Their Implications for the United States: Sudan’, Washington, D.C., March 1984; and I.B.R.D., ‘Sudan: pricing policies and structural balances’, Washington, D.C., November 1983.