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North-Eastern Nigeria – a Case Study of State Formation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
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In the summer of 1967, when Nigeria's first federal constitution had been virtually shattered by two bloody military coups, and when it looked very likely that the Eastern Region might try to secede from the Federation, a military decree was promulgated dissolving the four former Regions, and replacing them by a new structure of 12 States (see Map I). In the following pages the largest of these will be considered, namely the North-Eastern State, in order to assess the prospects of its survival as an entity and of its economic development in the years to come.
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References
Page 51 note 1 One Province only was split, Abakaliki being shared between the East-Central and South-Eastern States.
Page 52 note 1 The modem name ‘Maiduguri’ is generally used for the town formed by the merging of the village of Maiduguri and the older settlement of Yerwa.
Page 56 note 1 Glover, P. E. and Aitchison, P. J., Tsetse Control and Land Use in North-Eastern Nigeria (Lagos, 1965),Google Scholarpassim.
Page 56 note 2 Nigerian Government Federal Fisheries Service, Annual Report (Lagos, 1966),Google Scholar especially Hopson, A. J., ‘The Development of the Fisheries of Lake Chad’, pp. 64–73.Google Scholar
Page 56 note 3 The canning factory at Bauchi recently ceased operating, due to high costs and inadequate supplies of animals for slaughter. The story resembles that of the Kosti meat factory in the Sudan— see Barbour, K. M., The Republic of the Sudan (London, 1961), p. 167.Google Scholar
Page 59 note 1 The speech made by the Military Governor at the official inauguration of the NorthEastern State on I April 1968 was delivered and published in the following four languages: English, Hausa, Kanuri, and Fulfulde. Usman, Musa, The Coming of Age (Maiduguri, 1968).Google Scholar
Page 60 note 1 Bovill, E. W., The Golden Trade of the Moors (London, 1958).Google Scholar
Page 60 note 2 Mather, D. B., ‘Migrations in the Sudan’, in Steel, R. W. and Fisher, C. A. (eds.), Geographical Essays on British Tropical Lands (London, 1956).Google Scholar
Page 61 note 1 United Nations Development Programme, Northern States Development Survey, by Scott, Wilson, and Kirkpatrick, Partners (Lagos, 1969), vol. III, fig. 18a.Google Scholar
Page 61 note 2 Information provided by Messrs UMARCO, Maiduguri.
Page 65 note 1 Report of the Committee for the Selection of a Capital for the North-Eastern State of Nigeria (Kaduna, 1968).Google Scholar
Page 66 note 1 Recent developments in Bornu– fisheries, irrigation, new roads, experiments in mechanised farming, the railway terminus, etc. – have all tended to give it a bustling ‘boom town’ atmosphere, which must have contrasted strongly with the more indolent air of its rivals.
Page 67 note 1 North-Eastern State: Consolidated Budget, 1969–70 (Maiduguri, 1969).Google Scholar
Page 67 note 2 Cf. Investment in Education: the Report of the Commission on Post-School-Certftca1e and Higher Education in Nigeria – The Ashby Report (Lagos, 1960).Google Scholar In 1965, Ilorin and Kabba Provinces were educating c. 45 per cent of children of primary school age; Benue and Plateau Provinces, c. 27 per Cent; Adamawa and Niger, c. 14 per cent; the Provinces of the Far North (Bornu, Kano, Katsina, and Sokoto), c. 5 per cent only. The improvement in the North-Eastern State since that date has been very slight– Gavin, R., ‘Education in the Northern Region’, in Nigerian Opinion (Ibadan), I, 4, 1965, pp. 6–7.Google Scholar
Page 69 note 1 North-Eastern State: Consolidated Budget, p. 7.
Page 70 note 1 Udo, R. K., ‘Sixty Years of Plantation Agriculture in Southern Nigeria, 1902–1967’, in Economic Geography (Worcester, Mass., 1965), XLI, pp. 356–68.Google Scholar