¹ The influence of Christian churches in the contemporary democratic transformation of much of Africa has yet to be properly addressed by scholars, although the evidence is mounting that they are continuing to play a significant rôle. For the reported pressure placed upon the régime in Maputo by the Vatican prior to the national elections in Mozambique, , see The Herald (Harare), 17 11 1994.Google Scholar

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⁷ Woods, Tony, ‘The High Costs of Obstinacy: Banda hangs on’, in Southern Africa Report (Toronto), 11 1992, p. 21.Google Scholar

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¹⁴ According to a report in ibid. 33, 10, 22 March 1992, a deputation of army officers saw the President in April 1992 and explained that they would not be prepared to undertake policing duties against Malawians calling for democratic reforms.

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¹⁸ ‘Joint Report of the Board of World Mission and Unity’, 19 May 1992.

¹⁹ The precise extent of abuses of human rights in Malawi has always been difficult to ascertain, but the fact that they were widely believed to be numerous by Malawians themselves was important. However, documented cases are widely available. See, for example, Africa Confidential, 24, 11, 1983, and 30, 25, 1989.Google Scholar

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³² ‘Living Our Faith. Pastoral Letter of the Catholic Bishops of Malawi, Lent 1992’.

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⁵⁰ Much of the information here is drawn from my own experiences since I witnessed the entire affair at first hand.

⁵¹ Conversations with students and members of staff who witnessed what happened. Also Woods, loc. cit. p. 19.

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⁷⁶ ‘Memorandum to His Excellency the Life President Ngwazi Dr H. Kamuzu Banda’, 28 August 1992, from the CCAP, the ECM, the Anglicans, Muslims, the Law Society, and the business community.

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⁸² Ibid. 25 June 1993 – Mbumbas were always ‘uniformed’ when dancing for the President. Cf. Chamley, Santorri, ‘How Banda Ruined Malawi's Music’, in New African, 324, 1994, pp. 27–8.Google Scholar

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