Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T20:28:13.790Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Military parade in Mali: understanding Malian politics through spectacle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 June 2021

Alioune Sow*
Affiliation:
Centre for African Studies and Languages, Literatures & Cultures, University of Florida, 301 Pugh Hall, PO Box 115565, Gainesville, FL32611-5565, USA

Abstract

This essay argues that the Independence Day's military parade in Mali has become a strategic site to negotiate fragile military and civil relations, and a repository to promote social change through the military experience. Drawing on field observations of the parade of the 50th anniversary of Independence in Bamako and the literature on political transitions, this essay demonstrates that military parades constitute meaningful sites for alternative engagements with democratic transitions. It examines the tactics and mechanisms deployed by the Malian national army to negotiate past human rights violations and authoritarian practices, as well as to seek the army's rehabilitation following the collapse of the military regime. By analysing military parades as a form and practice consolidating the ‘social contract’ between the army and the public after the political transition, this article contributes to the scholarship on transition and the study of military parades within the African continent.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Africa24. 2010. ‘Cinquante ans indépendance du Mali’. 22 September.Google Scholar
Amalvi, C. 1984. ‘Le 14 Juillet: du dies irae à Jour de fête’, in Nora, P., ed. Les lieux de mémoire. Paris: Gallimard, 421–72.Google Scholar
Arnoldi, M.J. 2007. ‘Bamako, Mali: monuments and modernity in the urban imagination’, Africa Today 54: 324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bakiner, O. 2010. ‘From denial to reluctant dialogue: the Chilean military's confrontation with human rights (1990–2006)’, International Journal of Transitional Justice 4: 4766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barany, Z. 2012. The Soldier and the Changing State: building democratic armies in Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bayart, J.F. 2007. ‘Les chemins de traverse de l'hégémonie coloniale en Afrique de l'Ouest Francophone’, Politique Africaine 105: 201239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beau, N. 2018. ‘Mali des détournements gigantesques sur le matériel’. <https://mondafrique.com/mali-detournements-gigantesques-materiel-militaire/>..>Google Scholar
Benjamin, W. 2010. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Lexington, KY: Prism Key Press.Google Scholar
Bertrand, M. 1992. ‘Un an de transition politique: de la révolte à la troisième République’, Politique Africaine 47: 922.Google Scholar
Bessin, M. 1991. ‘Le difficile devoir d'insertion du service militaire’, Annales de Vaucresson 32–33: 241–51.Google Scholar
Betts, P. 2003. ‘The politics of post-fascist aesthetics’, in Bessel, R. & Schumann, D., eds. Life After Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 291–322.Google Scholar
Boulaga, F. 2009. Les conférences nationales en Afrique noire: une affaire à suivre. Paris: Karthala, 2009.Google Scholar
Caforio, G. 2018. Handbook of the Sociology of the Military. New York, NY: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, A. 1993. Masquerade Politics: Explorations in the Structure of Urban Cultural Movements. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulter, J. 2017. Cadets on Campus: history of military schools of the United States. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University Press.Google Scholar
Daniel, S. 2010. ‘La bourse du travail temple historique de la contestation au Mali’. <http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20100921-bourse-travail-bamako-temple-historique-contestation-mali>..>Google Scholar
De Boeck, F. & Plissart, M.F.. 2005. Kinshasa: récits de la ville invisible. Brussels: Renaissance du livre.Google Scholar
De Greiff, P. 2013. ‘Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence.’ Geneva: United Nations.Google Scholar
De Greiff, P. 2014. ‘On making the invisible visible: the role of cultural interventions in transitional justice processes’, in Ramirez-Barat, C., ed. Transitional Justice, Culture and Society: beyond outreach. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1124.Google Scholar
De Jorio, R. 2006. ‘Politics of remembering and forgetting: the struggle over colonial monuments in Mali’, Africa Today 52: 79106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Jorio, R. 2016. Cultural Heritage in Mali in the Neoliberal Era. Urbana Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doumbia, S. 2015. ‘Le Mali instaure un Service National des Jeunes’, Deutsche Welle, 15 December.Google Scholar
Drabo, G. 2010. ‘IIIeme République: le challenge de la maturité’, in Notre Mali 1960–2010: Maliba Kera Anw Ta Ye. Bamako: AMAP, 8594.Google Scholar
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). 2018. ECOWAS Policy Framework for Security Sector Reform and Governance. Lagos: ECOWAS.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1966. Les mots et les choses. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Janowitz, M. 1971. The Professional Soldier. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Kaba, I. 2015. ‘Le service national des jeunes bientôt institué’, in L'Express, 9 December, Bamako.Google Scholar
Kamian, B. 2001. Des tranchées de Verdun à l’église St Bernard. Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar
Konaté, D. 2006. Travail de Mémoire et construction nationale au Mali. Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Lecocq, B., Mann, G., Whitehouse, B., Badi, D., Pelckmans, L., Belalimat, N., Hall, B. & Lacher, W.. 2013. ‘One hippopotamus and eight blind analysts: a multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali’, Review of African Political Economy 40: 343–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lessa, F. & Payne, L.. 2012. Amnesty in an Age of Human Rights Accountability: comparative and international perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, J. & Stephan, A.. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Lotman, U. & Uspenskij, B., eds. 1984. The Semiotics of Russian Culture. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Mann, G. 2006. Native Sons: West African Veterans and France in the Twentieth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, G. 2007. ‘Colonialism now: contemporary anticolonialism and the ‘fracture coloniale’Politique Africaine 105: 181200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nora, P. 1984. Les lieux de mémoire. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Office de Radio et Télévision du Mali. 2010. ‘Défilé militaire’, 22 September.Google Scholar
Porteret, V. 2005. Etat-nation et professionnalisation des armées. Paris: L'Harmattan.Google Scholar
Posel, D. 2008. ‘History as confession: the case of the South African truth and reconciliation commission’, Public Culture 20: 119–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez-Barat, C., ed. 2014. Transitional Justice, Culture and Society: beyond outreach. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Roger, B. 2019. ‘L'anniversaire fastueux du patron des services de renseignement fait polémique’, in Jeune Afrique, 12 March.Google Scholar
Samaké, G. 1998. Le chemin de l'honneur. Bamako: éditions Jamana.Google Scholar
Sissoko, S. 2019. ‘Gestion du secteur de la défense et de la sécurité au Mali: le débat toujours occulté par les décideurs politiques’, in Le Démocrate, 23 January, Bamako.Google Scholar
Serra, N. 2010. The Military Transition: democratic reform of the armed forces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sow, A. 2010. ‘Nervous confessions: military memoirs and national reconciliation in Mali’, Cahiers d'Etudes Africaines 50: 6993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tag, S. 1994. Paysans, état et démocratisation au Mali: enquête en milieu rural. Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde.Google Scholar
Thiam, A. 2010. ‘Renforcer la lisibilité du cinquantenaire’, in Le Républicain, 14 September, Bamako.Google Scholar
Traoré, M.A. 2011 a. ‘Femmes: à l'assaut d'une citadelle jadis imprenable’, in L'Essor, 15 January, Bamako.Google Scholar
Traoré, M.N. 2011 b. ‘Génie militaire: l'art de construire,’ in L'Essor, 15 January. Bamako.Google Scholar
Traoré, N. & Moltes, A.. 2016. Renforcement de la confiance entre les populations civiles et les forces de défense et de sécurité. Bamako: IMRAP.Google Scholar
United Nations. 2004. The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies. Report of the Secretary-General. New York, NY: United Nations Security Council.Google Scholar
Villalón, L. 2005. ‘The tribulation of a successful transition’, in Villalón, L. & Van Doepp, P., eds. The Fate of Africa's Democratic Experiments: elites and institutions. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Jeune Afrique, Paris, 18.12.2012.Google Scholar
Jeune Afrique, Paris, 27.12.2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
L'Essor, Bamako, 13.4.1968.Google Scholar
L'Essor, Bamako, 10.6.2002.Google Scholar
L'Essor, 25.9.2010.Google Scholar
L'Indépendant, Bamako, 14.9.2010.Google Scholar
Le Monde, 13.7.2010.Google Scholar
Le Point, Paris, 13.2.2013.Google Scholar
Le Républicain, Bamako, 20.2.2013.Google Scholar
The Guardian, London, 27.11.2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeune Afrique, Paris, 18.12.2012.Google Scholar
Jeune Afrique, Paris, 27.12.2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
L'Essor, Bamako, 13.4.1968.Google Scholar
L'Essor, Bamako, 10.6.2002.Google Scholar
L'Essor, 25.9.2010.Google Scholar
L'Indépendant, Bamako, 14.9.2010.Google Scholar
Le Monde, 13.7.2010.Google Scholar
Le Point, Paris, 13.2.2013.Google Scholar
Le Républicain, Bamako, 20.2.2013.Google Scholar
The Guardian, London, 27.11.2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar